某奶牛场奶牛子宫内膜炎致病菌的分离鉴定

采集10头已确诊临床型奶牛子宫内膜炎患牛的子宫内容物,通过需氧和厌氧培养,根据细菌形态学及细菌生化特性进行分离鉴定。结果分离鉴定出3种27株细菌,分别为溶血性链球菌、非溶血性链球菌和大肠埃希菌。链球菌感染率为100%,溶血性链球菌感染率为70%,非溶血性链球菌感染率为30%。链球菌中,缺陷乏养球菌、毗邻乏养球菌和粪肠球菌所占比例较大。10份样品均分离到细菌,感染率为100%,其中绝大部分为多菌种混合感染。     

Identification of aesculin-hydrolyzing streptococci, lactococci, aerococci and enterococci from subclinical intramammary infections in dairy cows

Aesculin-hydrolyzing, catalase-negative, gram-positive cocci isolated from subclinical intramammary infections in dairy cows were identified to species level using growth characteristics and biochemical activity. The results indicated that the aesculin-hydrolyzing cocci associated with this type of infection are a very heterogenic group. S. uberis strains, including inulin- or beta-glucuronidase-negative isolates, accounted for only about one-third of the collection, and Enterococcus faecalis strains for one-fifth. Other species of some importance included (in descending order of isolation frequency) Aerococcus viridans, Streptococcus pluranimalium, Lactococcus garvieae, Streptococcus bovis and Streptococcus gallolyticus.     

河南省规模化猪场猪链球菌2型的分离鉴定和药敏试验

从2006-2009年河南省发生猪高热综合征的113家规模化猪场291份病料中分离革兰氏阳性球菌,通过培养特性试验、生化试验、猪链球菌和猪链球菌2型的PCR试验,结果鉴定125株为链球菌,其中35株为猪链球菌2型。对35株猪链球菌2型进行小鼠毒力试验及药敏试验,结果显示,35株猪链球菌2型对小鼠均有毒力,均对头孢噻肟、头孢唑啉、头孢他啶、阿莫西林、氯霉素、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星敏感。     

奶牛乳房炎无乳链球菌的分离与鉴定

利用THB固体培养基和色素培养基初步筛选出奶牛乳房炎中无乳链球菌，以分离的12株疑似菌的基因组DNA为模板进行PCR扩增，对扩增产物进行分析，结合选择培养的生理生化特性对分离菌进行鉴定。结果表明，12株疑似菌中有8株为无乳链球菌.     

Isolation,Identification and Biological Characteristics Research of Streptococcus bovis from Yak

The objective of this study was to isolate and identify Streptococcus bovis from yak, and detect their hemolytic, pathogenicity and antimicrobial susceptibility. 45 fecal samples collected from the diarrheal yaks in Aba state in Northwest Sichuan province were used to isolate Streptococcus bovis with sheep blood culture media under 37℃ and 5% CO₂ condition cultured for 24 h. The isolated bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA amplification and sequencing. Total 14 Streptococcus bovis were identified, among which, 8 Streptococcus lutetiensis strains and 6 Streptococcus gallolyticus strains. 9 Streptococcus bovis strains showed α hemolytic, and 5 Streptococcus bovis showed β hemolytic. Both Streptococcus lutetiensis and Streptococcus gallolyticus caused the experimental mice mild diarrhea. The isolated 14 Streptococcus bovis were sensitive to penicillin, cefotaxime, vacomycin, acetylspiramycin, ciprofloxacin, rifampicin, teicoplanin, ampicillin and gentamicin, and highly tolerant to streptomycin, kanamycin, lincomycin, erythrocin, tetracycline and clindamycin.This study illustrated the biological characteristics of the isolated Streptococcus bovis from yak, which made the basis for the prevention and control of diseases caused by Streptococcus bovis.     

牦牛源牛链球菌的分离鉴定及部分生物学特性研究

本研究旨在从腹泻牦牛粪便中分离鉴定牛链球菌,并分析其溶血性、对小鼠的致病性及对抗菌药物的敏感性。将川西北阿坝州45份腹泻牦牛粪便于血平板上划线,37℃、5% CO₂培养24 h分离细菌,经16S rRNA序列扩增测序和系统发育分析鉴定出14株牛链球菌,其中8株巴黎链球菌,6株解没食子酸链球菌巴氏亚种;9株呈α溶血,5株呈β溶血。分离鉴定的牦牛源巴黎链球菌和解没食子酸链球菌巴氏亚种能引起试验小鼠的轻度腹泻;药敏试验结果显示分离菌株对青霉素、头孢噻肟、万古霉素、乙酰螺旋霉素、环丙沙星、利福平、替考拉宁、氨苄西林和庆大霉素共9种抗生素高度敏感,对链霉素、卡那霉素、林可霉素、红霉素、四环素和克林霉素耐药率较高。本研究阐明了牦牛源链球菌的部分生物学特性,为该病的防控奠定了基础。     

奶牛隐性乳房炎的细菌学检测

对贵州省某奶牛场采集的80份奶样进行了病原菌的分离培养及生化鉴定,结果有74份奶样长出细菌,细菌检出率为92.50％;共分离到143株细菌,其中葡萄球菌和链球菌为主要病原菌,所占比例为87.41％(125/143).     

奶牛乳腺炎无乳链球菌的分离鉴定

无乳链球菌是比较常见的导致奶牛乳腺炎的病原菌,该菌也是山羊、绵羊慢性乳房炎的病原菌之一,也能引起婴儿败血症、脑膜炎和肺炎等。人医临床上对该菌以B群链球菌相称。试验从内蒙古呼和浩特市周边5个牛场中患有乳房炎的病牛中采集120份乳样,通过分菌培养、形态学观察、生化试验,鉴定出14株无乳链球菌,同时对这14株菌进行了药物敏感试验、动物致病性试验等。试验结果发现,所分离到的无乳链球菌对青霉素类、氨基糖苷类药物高度敏感,对磺胺类、氟哌酸、喹诺酮类药物中度敏感。动物致病性试验对小鼠的致死率达到80%以上。     

健康鸡嗉囊和盲肠内容物正常菌群的分离与鉴定

用血琼脂平板和乳清琼脂平板，采用集性没食子酸厌氧培养法，从健康非免疫产蛋母鸡的嗉囊和盲肠内容物中分离出正常菌群，地其中２１株瘘性厌氧的无芽胞杆菌和球菌，从革兰氏染色特性、形态特性、需氧生长条件和生化反应等方面进行了初步鉴定。结果其中有类肠膜明串珠菌１株，肠膜明串珠菌１株，粪链球菌３株，屎锭球菌１株，鸡肠链球菌１少酸链力３株，乳链球菌１株，假长双歧杆菌１株，星状双歧杆菌１株，嗜酸乳杆菌１株，嗜粪乳杆     

北极狐出血性肠炎病原分离鉴定

从排血便为主要临床特征的濒死期育成北极狐肠内容物中分离到 ５ 株革兰氏阳性大杆菌，各株菌的 ３７℃ ８ 小时厌气肉肝汤纯培养上清液 ０２ｍ ｌ小鼠尾静脉注射，１２ 小时内 １００％ 死亡。生理生化鉴定证实分离菌为产气荚膜杆菌（ Ｂ．ａｅｒｏｇｅｎｅｓｃａｐｓｕｌａｔｕｓ）。血清定型结果表明，分离的 ５ 株菌均为 Ａ 型产气荚膜杆菌。以饲喂狐的变质鱼浸出液静脉注射小鼠引起死亡，并从该浸出液中也分离到 Ａ 型魏氏梭菌，证实该病的发生是饲料传播。     

Streptococci from the bovine udder in dairy herds in Khartoum Province, Sudan

Five hundred and seventy-nine milk samples were collected from dairy cows on seven farms in Khartoum North area and one farm in Omdurman and examined by bacteriological cultures for the presence of streptococci. One hundred and ninety-three (33.33%) isolates were recovered and identified on the basis of bacteriological characteristics and biochemical reactions as: S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, S. faecalis, S. faecium, S. bovis, S. equi, S. lactis and S. uberis. Fifty-seven isolates representing the preliminary identification were tested by the latex-agglutination test to determine the serological groups. It was found that 39 strains belonged to group B, 3 strains to group C. Four strains gave a weak reaction with group D sera and were identified by biochemical tests as S. uberis. Two isolates could not be identified by the available sera. The isolation of S. uberis, S. bovis, S. equi, S. lactis, S. faecalis, S. faecium and S. pyogenes from cows in the Sudan was reported for the first time.     

云南传统乳产品中乳酸菌的菌群分析

对采集于云南传统乳制品中乳酸菌的种类及优势菌群的分布情况进行了研究.从采集的8份样品中共分离获得73株乳酸菌,分属于5个属的13个种.对乳酸菌优势菌群分析,发现肠球菌、乳球菌和同型发酵乳杆菌为主要菌群,分别占乳酸菌总数的20%、27%和20%.     

基于PFGE技术的酸乳中乳酸菌的基因分型

采用选择性培养基分离酸乳中的保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌,并利用生理生化和糖发酵实验结合16S rDNA同源性分析对分离所得菌株进行鉴定,获得保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌分离菌株。利用脉冲场凝胶电泳（pulsed field gel electrophoresis,PFGE）分别对保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌分离株进行基因分型。结果表明：所检测的酸乳样品中均含有保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌;仅有2 种酸乳的嗜热链球菌为同一菌株,其余酸乳中的保加利亚乳杆菌及嗜热链球菌均为不同菌株。PFGE可以对保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热     

包头地区临床型奶牛乳腺炎病原菌的分离与鉴定

临床型奶牛乳腺炎主要是由多种非特定病原微生物引发的奶牛乳房及乳汁表现出明显临床症状的一种乳腺疾病。从包头地区5个奶牛场33头奶牛的77份乳样中分离得到98株病原菌,主要病原经生化试验鉴定为金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、腐生葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌、乳房链球菌、乳链球菌、牛链球菌、粪链球菌、棒状杆菌属、酵母菌和大肠埃希菌、克雷伯菌属、变形杆菌属、志贺菌属、肠杆菌属、沙门菌属。研究结果可为包头地区临床型奶牛乳腺炎的防治工作提供参考。     

猪多杀性巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定和药敏试验

为了对河南省猪高热综合征发生期间多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的感染有全面了解,从2006-2010年河南省发生猪高热综合征的245家规模化猪场568份病料中分离革兰氏阴性小球杆菌,通过培养特性试验、生化试验和PCR试验分离鉴定到35株。对分离菌进行毒力和药敏试验,结果显示所分离的猪多杀性巴氏杆菌对小鼠均有毒力,对头孢噻呋、头孢噻肟、环丙沙星、氟苯尼考敏感。     

安徽省白羽肉鸡中副鸡禽杆菌的分离鉴定及流行病学分析

本研究试图通过病原分离对安徽省某大型白羽肉鸡养殖公司持续出现疑似鸡传染性鼻炎的鸡群进行确诊,从不同批次发生鸡传染性鼻炎疑似症状的鸡体内分离细菌,经细菌分离、纯化、回鸡试验,共分离到8株细菌,经形态及培养特性、生化试验、血清学特性、16S rRNA基因序列分析等方法对分离的细菌进行鉴定。结果表明所分离的细菌有1株为A型副鸡禽杆菌,7株为B型副鸡禽杆菌,说明在安徽省某地持续引起幼龄肉鸡发生鸡传染性鼻炎的流行中B型致病株是优势毒株,显示新的流行特点。     

Comparative evaluation of Vitek gram-positive identification system and API Rapid Strep system for identification of Streptococcus species of bovine origin

The Vitek Gram-positive identification system (GPI, Vitek Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, MO) and the API Rapid Strep system (Analytab Products, Plainview, NY) were evaluated for species identification of streptococci isolated from bovine mammary glands and compared to conventional biochemical methods. A total of 144 strains including Streptococcus uberis (60), S. dysgalactiae (32), S. agalactiae (15), S. bovis (15), Enterococcus faecium (10) and Ent. faecalis (12) were evaluated. All reference strains were identified correctly by both systems. Vitek GPI card system identified 94.4% of strains, including 95% of S. uberis, 93.8% of S. dygalactiae, 93.3% of S. agalactiae and S. bovis II, 90% of Ent. faecium and 100% of Ent. faecalis. Majority of strains were identified with a 90-99% level of confidence, with an average of 8 h needed for identification. The API Rapid Strep system identified 96.5% of strains correctly, including 95% of S. 96.9% of S. dysgalactiae, 93.3% of S. agalactiae, and 100% of S. bovis II, Ent. faecium, and Ent. faecalis. Majority of strains were identified with excellent level of identification. With the exception of S. uberis, most strains were identified at 4 h of incubation.     

Diagnosis of swine dysentery and spirochaetal diarrhea. III. Results of cultural and biochemical differentiation of intestinal Brachyspira species by routine culture from 1997 to 1999

A survey is given on the occurrence and distribution of different Brachyspira species in pigs, in the northwest of Germany. In total 2975 specimen (feces, fecal swabs, colon) were taken and sent for laboratory analysis during the years 1997 to 1999. 1218 Brachyspira (B.) strains were found by cultural analysis. 1757 samples (59%) were negative. The cultural and biochemical differentiation revealed 720 (59.1%) strains B. hyodysenteriae (77.5% were indole negative), 22 (1.8%) B. pilosicoli, 29 (2.4%) B. intermedia, 167 (3.7%) B. innocens and 114 (9.4%) B. murdochii. 166 (13.6%) strains could not be identified. These strains could either not be compared with any of the described species by the methods used or it was impossible to achieve a pure culture from these isolates. The results demonstrate the wide spread of B. hyodysenteriae in pig herds in the northwest of Germany with a very high prevalence of indole negative strains. The most frequent strain was B. hyodysenteriae. B. pilosicoli which causes spirochaetal diarrhoea was rarely isolated and seems not to play an important role in Germany. Experience from routine cultures for Brachyspira give evidence that it is more useful to examine faeces from single pigs instead of pooled samples from a herd. It is recommended to use special transport media for the transport of the specimen.     

Influence of environmental conditions on biofilm formation by Hafnia alvei strains

Hafnia alvei is considered an opportunistic pathogen of animal and humans, affecting a wide range of homeothermic and poikilothermic hosts with different body temperatures. In this work, H. alvei strains isolated from different sources were studied with regard to their capacity to form biofilms under different environmental conditions. Strain, growth phase, temperature and culture media dependent changes of biofilm formation were semiquantitatively monitored using a microtiter plate method. Our study shows that all strains used could form biofilms in vitro, and that biofilm formation increases dramatically during growth at 25 degrees C but not at 37 degrees C, and decreases at both temperatures in presence of glucose. At 16 degrees C only one strain isolated from a lizard was able to form a dense biofilm showing that the ability to form biofilms in this species is regulated by environmental factors and is also strain specific.     

青海地区奶牛无乳链球菌的分离与鉴定

无乳链球菌是导致奶牛乳房炎的常见病原菌之一,为了掌握青海地区无乳链球菌的流行情况及常用药物的敏感性,从而为本地区更好的预防与治疗奶牛乳房炎提供保障。本试验在青海地区16个奶牛场共采集258份乳房炎乳样,经革兰氏染色与绵羊鲜血琼脂培养基培养纯化,获得疑似链球菌137株;随后经玻片法血浆凝固酶试验、CAMP试验、生化试验与动物致病性试验对无乳链球菌进行鉴定,结果显示,137株链球菌中含有无乳链球菌42株,分离率为30.7%;经K-B纸片扩散法对无乳链球菌耐药性检测结果显示,该地区无乳链球菌主要对头孢类高度敏感,对氧氟沙星、磺胺类、氨苄青霉素与阿米卡星中度敏感。