山葡萄的花型遗传

对１５个杂交组合１１３８株山葡萄种内杂交后代的花型进行了调查，结果表明：山葡萄花型的遗传符合Ｌｅｖａｄｏｕｘ（１９４６）的假说〔１〕，受Ｍ．Ｈ．Ｆ３个等位基因控制。野生状态下，雄花植株基因型为异质ＭＦ；目前发现唯一的两性花种质资源‘双庆’基因型为异质ＨＦ；雌能花植株基因型为ＦＦ；人工杂交以后可以产生基因型为ＨＨ的两性花植株和基因型为ＭＨ的雄花植株。     

黄瓜雌性系的应用与选育

黄瓜又名胡瓜、王瓜,葫芦科甜瓜属,一年生蔓生植物。黄瓜植株一般是雌雄异花同株,雌性系黄瓜是指植株只长雌花而不长雄花或长极少量雄花的品系,往往表现出早熟、瓜密、丰产等优点。利用雌性系制一代杂种无需去雄,节约了劳动力,降低了制种成     

黄瓜雌性系性型分化及遗传

黄瓜雌性系,是只开雌花不开或少开雄花,具有早熟、抗病、瓜多果密、收获集中利於黄瓜杂种一代简化制种需要的新类型。经1976—1978年研究分析:黄瓜雌性系性型分类具有四种型式,即全雌型、多雌型、普通型及少雌型。通过各类性型的杂交、回交与自交后代分离情况,初步总结出黄瓜雌性系性型遗传规律:为一对核等位基因控制的简单遗传、杂交一代雌性为显性,回交时分离的雌雄比例为1∶1,自交分离比例近於3∶1,具有隐性基因的少雌型自交分离时性型稳定。此外,本文还总结了黄瓜雌性系人工诱雄制种的有效药剂,浓度、处理时期、节位及其方法。     

草莓新品种'京桃香'

正‘京桃香’草莓由‘达赛莱克特’与‘章姬’杂交育成。2014年12月通过北京市林木品种审定委员会审定并命名。1品种特征特性植株生长势较强,株形半开张,株高10.8 cm,冠径24.0 cm×21.1 cm。叶片椭圆形,革质,粗糙,厚度0.62 mm,叶缘锯齿钝,叶面平,有光泽;叶柄长5.8 cm。花序分歧,高于叶面,两性花。花萼单层双层兼有,主贴副离。果实圆锥形或楔形,红色,有光泽。平均单果重     

硝酸银和赤霉素对西瓜雌性系诱雄效果的影响

为了探索硝酸银和赤霉素对西瓜雌性系诱雄效果及生长发育的影响,以雌雄异花同株材料‘XHB’和‘TS409’及其血缘相同的两个雌性系突变体‘XHBGM’和‘TGS409’为试材,于春、秋两季,在西瓜苗期喷施不同质量浓度的硝酸银(100、300、500 mg·L~(-1))和赤霉素(500、1 000、1 500 mg·L~(-1)),调查了处理后植株高度、茎粗度等生长指标及各单株前30个节位内雄花、雌花、两性花的数量。结果表明,赤霉素可促使雌雄异花同株材料产生更多的雄花,但在雌性系材料上无明显的诱雄效果,植株表现徒长现象,植株高度、节间长度明显增加,茎粗度、叶片叶绿素含量显著降低。硝酸银在雌性系和雌雄异花同株材料上均可诱导产生两性花,秋季效果更为明显,且质量浓度越高,诱雄效果越好,但高质量浓度的硝酸银对植株生长产生抑制作用,甚至导致植物死亡;300 mg·L~(-1)是诱导西瓜雌性系有效产生两性花的最佳质量浓度,对植株伤害较小,秋季诱雄效果更佳,生产上可采用此方法来繁殖西瓜雌性系。     

雌性系黄瓜诱雄制种技术

在黄瓜花芽分化时期,少量雌性系植株用硝酸银、赤霉素等诱导可抑制黄瓜雌花原基发育,促使其形成雄花,为其它雌性系植株授粉,从而使雌性系得以保存。近年来我们在酒泉地区示范推广黄瓜雌性系化学诱雄制种技术,并取得了显著的经济效益。     

黄瓜新品种‘早青4号’

‘早青4号’黄瓜是以抗病雌性系B-36为母本,吉-6为父本,杂交育成的华南型雌型一代杂种。生长势强,主蔓结瓜为主,全雌株率达70%以上,连续结果性强。瓜短圆筒形,瓜长25.0cm,单瓜质量约400g,皮色深绿有光泽,口感脆,商品性好,耐贮运。抗病抗逆性强。适合广东乃至华南地区及东南亚国家种植。     

谈谈葡萄的杂交育种

一、主要性状的遗传 (一)花型的遗传:欧洲种品种与东北山葡萄杂交,其后代雄性花植株很多。欧洲种品种间杂交出现雄性花植株的情况极少见。两性花品种与两性花品种杂交,大多数情况为两性花。用玫瑰香作母本或作父木,其后代全为两性花。两性花品种与雌能花品种杂交,出现部分雌能花。我们用玫瑰香×依斯比沙、玫瑰香×保尔加尔、玫瑰香×无核黑、玫瑰香×扬格尔近百株,结果实生苗全     

华南型黄瓜新品种‘燕青’

‘燕青’黄瓜是以雌性系86G为母本,自交系Z-1为父本配制而成的华南型新品种。植株长势较强,强雌型。瓜圆筒形,长20 cm,平均单瓜质量186 g,瓜色白绿色,脆嫩微甜。早熟性突出,耐阴,耐寒,丰产性强,平均总产量达70.74 t • hm-2。适宜重庆及相似生态区春保护地、露地栽培。     

酿造全汁干红酒‘北国紫晶’山葡萄选育初报

‘北国紫晶’新品系是中国农业科学院特产研究所2001年以‘左山二’ב双庆’杂交育成,经过吉林省部分地区的栽培试验,性状优良稳定,抗寒,抗霜霉病。山葡萄‘双庆’是我国至今发现的唯一野生两性花山葡萄资源,其发现奠定了山葡萄两性花育种的基础[1];‘左山二’是从野生资源中选育的山葡萄雌能花品种,其抗病、低酸[2]。‘左山二’ב双庆’组合的选配目的就是要选择一个低酸的两性花山葡萄品种(系),能够单品种酿造全汁干红的纯系山葡萄优良品种(系)。其产量780.0~1 120.1 kg/666.7 m^2,平均果穗重185.2~203.9 g,平均粒重1.44~1.61 g。单品种原汁干酒酒度12.5%vol,残糖3.70 g/L,总酸7.80~8.30 g/L,干浸出物23.50 g/L。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.