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M. E. Vidgen D. W. Edson A. F. van den Hurk H. E. Field C. S. Smith 《Zoonoses and public health》2017,64(3):228-231
Hendra virus (HeV) causes potentially fatal respiratory and/or neurological disease in both horses and humans. Although Australian flying‐foxes of the genus Pteropus have been identified as reservoir hosts, the precise mechanism of HeV transmission has yet to be elucidated. To date, there has been limited investigation into the role of haematophagous insects as vectors of HeV. This mode of transmission is particularly relevant because Australian flying‐foxes host the bat‐specific blood‐feeding ectoparasites of the genus Cyclopodia (Diptera: Nycteribiidae), also known as bat flies. Using molecular detection methods, we screened for HeV RNA in 183 bat flies collected from flying‐foxes inhabiting a roost in Boonah, Queensland, Australia. It was subsequently demonstrated that during the study period, Pteropus alecto in this roost had a HeV RNA prevalence between 2 and 15% (95% CI [1, 6] to [8, 26], respectively). We found no evidence of HeV in any bat flies tested, including 10 bat flies collected from P. alecto in which we detected HeV RNA. Our negative findings are consistent with previous findings and provide additional evidence that bat flies do not play a primary role in HeV transmission. 相似文献
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Philbey AW Kirkland PD Ross AD Field HE Srivastava M Davis RJ Love RJ 《Australian veterinary journal》2008,86(11):449-454
Objective To examine flying foxes (Pteropus spp.) for evidence of infection with Menangle virus. Design Clustered non‐random sampling for serology, virus isolation and electron microscopy (EM). Procedure Serum samples were collected from 306 Pteropus spp. in northern and eastern Australia and tested for antibodies against Menangle virus (MenV) using a virus neutralisation test (VNT). Virus isolation was attempted from tissues and faeces collected from 215 Pteropus spp. in New South Wales. Faecal samples from 68 individual Pteropus spp. and four pools of faeces were examined by transmission EM following routine negative staining and immunogold labelling. Results Neutralising antibodies (VNT titres ≥ 8) against MenV were detected in 46% of black flying foxes (P. alecto), 41% of grey‐headed flying foxes (P. poliocephalus), 25% of spectacled flying foxes (P. conspicillatus) and 1% of little red flying foxes (P. scapulatus) in Australia. Positive sera included samples collected from P. poliocephalus in a colony adjacent to a piggery that had experienced reproductive disease caused by MenV. Virus‐like particles were observed by EM in faeces from Pteropus spp. and reactivity was detected in pooled faeces and urine by immunogold EM using sera from sows that had been exposed to MenV. Attempts to isolate the virus from the faeces and tissues from Pteropus spp. were unsuccessful. Conclusion Serological evidence of infection with MenV was detected in Pteropus spp. in Australia. Although virus‐like particles were detected in faeces, no viruses were isolated from faeces, urine or tissues of Pteropus spp. 相似文献
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Kirkland PD Love RJ Philbey AW Ross AD Davis RJ Hart KG 《Australian veterinary journal》2001,79(3):199-206
OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology and eradication of Menangle virus infection in pigs. DESIGN: Field observations and interventions, structured and unstructured serological surveys, prospective and cross-sectional serological studies and laboratory investigations. PROCEDURE: Serum samples were collected from pigs at a 2600-sow intensive piggery in New South Wales that experienced an outbreak of reproductive disease in 1997. Serum samples were also collected from piggeries that received pigs from or supplied pigs to the affected piggery and from other piggeries in Australia. Serum and tissue samples were collected from pigs at piggeries experiencing reproductive disease in New South Wales. Sera and faeces were collected from grey-headed flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus) in the region of the affected piggery. Serum samples were tested for neutralising antibodies against Menangle virus. Virus isolation was attempted from faeces. RESULTS: Following the outbreak of reproductive disease, sera from 96% of adult pigs at the affected piggery, including sows that produced affected litters, contained neutralising antibodies against Menangle virus. Neutralising antibodies were also detected in sera from 88% of finisher pigs at two piggeries receiving weaned pigs from the affected piggery. No evidence of Menangle virus infection was found in other piggeries in Australia. In cross-sectional studies at the affected piggery, colostral antibodies were undetectable in most pigs by 14 to 15 weeks of age. By slaughter age or entry to the breeding herd, 95% of pigs developed high antibody titres (> or = 128) against Menangle virus in the virus neutralisation test. Menangle virus was eradicated from the affected piggery following a program of serological testing and segregation. Neutralising antibodies against Menangle virus were also detected in P poliocephalus from two colonies in the vicinity of the affected piggery. Two piggery workers were infected with Menangle virus. There was no evidence of infection in cattle, sheep, birds, rodents, feral cats and a dog at the affected piggery. CONCLUSIONS: Serological evidence of infection with Menangle virus was detected in pigs at a piggery that had experienced reproductive disease, in pigs at two associated piggeries and in fruit bats in the region of the piggery. Two humans were infected. The mode of transmission between pigs is unknown, but spread by faecal or urinary excretion is postulated. This virus can be eradicated by the segregation of pigs into discrete age groups. 相似文献
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LD Valenza;T Bishop;S Cramieri;J Wang;RJ Ploeg; 《Australian veterinary journal》2024,102(4):222-225
A juvenile grey-headed flying fox (GHFF) (Pteropus poliocephalus) presented to the Australia Zoo Wildlife Hospital after a wildlife carer found the animal hanging on the outside of an aviary. On presentation, the animal was emaciated and moribund with disseminated, multifocal, depigmented and proliferative lesions on the wing membranes and skin of the neck. Histopathology revealed multiple, well-circumscribed proliferative epidermal lesions with intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. A poxvirus was identified via transmission electron microscopy and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Analysis of sequences obtained demonstrated 99% nucleotide identity to Pteropox virus strain Australia (GenBank KU980965). To the authors' knowledge, this paper describes the first case of Pteropox virus infection in a GHFF. 相似文献
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Sarah E. Blackwood Caryn E. Plummer William Crumley Edward O. MacKay Dennis E. Brooks Kathleen P. Barrie 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2010,13(Z1):72-79
Objectives To establish normal reference ranges of ocular parameters including phenol read thread, palpebral fissure length, horizontal and vertical corneal diameter, upright and hanging intraocular pressure (IOP) and to report ophthalmic examination findings of the anterior segment and lens, in a population of captive fruit bats. Animals studied Eyes of 30 bats of three species were included in this study: 10 (5 males, 5 females) Malayan Flying Foxes (Pteropus vampyrus), 10 (5 males, 5 females) Little Golden‐mantled Flying Foxes (Pteropus pumilus), and 10 (4 males, 6 females) Island Flying Foxes (Pteropus hypomelanus). Results The most common ophthalmic examination findings included iris‐iris persistent pupillary membranes (83%), nuclear sclerosis (56.7%), prominent arterial circle (40%), iridal hyperpigmented foci (30%), pupillary margin cysts (27%), and third eyelid defects (20%). The mean, among all species for: phenol red thread was 20.23 ± 1.28 mm/15 s both eyes (OU); palpebral fissure length was 13.34 ± 0.33 mm for OU; for horizontal corneal diameter was 10.72 ± 0.32 mm for OU; for vertical corneal diameter was 9.90 ± 0.30 mm for OU; for the hanging intraocular pressures was 19.38 ± 0.77 mmHg for OU; for upright IOP was 13.95 ± 0.60 mmHg for OU. Measurements for the individual species groups and eyes were also calculated. Conclusions Results revealed the IOP of bats in a hanging position were significantly higher than the IOP of bats in an upright position. The size of the bat, between the species, affected palpebral fissure length, horizontal corneal diameter, and vertical corneal diameter. Information about the ocular structures and normal ophthalmic parameters for the Pteropus species is crucial for species protection because of dependence on vision for survival. 相似文献
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Ni Luh Putu Indi Dharmayanti Diana Nurjanah Harimurti Nuradji Ibnu Maryanto Indra Exploitasia Risa Indriani 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2021,22(6)
Bats are an important reservoir of several zoonotic diseases. However, the circulation of bat coronaviruses (BatCoV) in live animal markets in Indonesia has not been reported. Genetic characterization of BatCoV was performed by sequencing partial RdRp genes. Real-time polymerase chain reaction based on nucleocapsid protein (N) gene and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against the N protein were conducted to detect the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral RNA and antibody, respectively. We identified the presence of BatCoV on Cynopterus brachyotis, Macroglossus minimus, and Rousettus amplexicaudatus. The results showed that the BatCoV included in this study are from an unclassified coronavirus group. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA and antibodies were not detected in the sampled bats. 相似文献
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采用含传染性法氏囊病病毒(HK46毒株)VP2基因的质粒FA-pAlter为模板,根据其序列设计引物进行PCR扩增,得到1.3kb左右的VP2基因产物;用Bgl Ⅱ和Nhe Ⅰ酶切后纯化,并在T4DNA连接酶的作用下,将其定向克隆到经Bgl Ⅱ和Nhe Ⅰ不完全酶切后的pcAMBIA3301质粒上,构建成VP2植物表达载体。以电击转化法将重组质粒导入根癌农杆菌LBA4404中,并用PCR方法进行了鉴定,为下一步的植物转基因研究生产可食用疫苗打下了基础。 相似文献
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【目的】 明确紫花苜蓿病毒病病株空间分布型及其适合的抽样方法。【方法】 通过扩散型指标Iδ及其偏离度显著性F0检验、聚集指标(C,M*,M*/xˉ,I,K 与C)和Iwao 回归分析法研究了紫花苜蓿病毒病病株空间分布型。【结果】 紫花苜蓿病毒病病株空间分布型为聚集分布,分布的基本成分为个体群,个体群之间分布是聚集的;分析并确定了在不同病株率下保证抽样质量的理论抽样数量;通过对采用平行线、“Z”字型、“W”型、五点式、单对角线、双对角线6 种抽样方法获得的调查数据统计分析、比较,发现平行线抽样方法变异系数最小,更适合苜蓿病毒病病株空间分布型的调查。【结论】 紫花苜蓿病毒病病株空间分布型为聚集分布,适合的抽样方法为平行线法。 相似文献
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从口蹄疫可饲疫苗的研究概况、生产技术要点、优缺点及需要改进的问题几方面阐述了利用植物反应器生产口蹄疫可饲疫苗的研究前景。综述了口蹄疫可饲疫苗的研究进展,介绍了利用植物反应器生产口蹄疫可饲疫苗的技术要点,包括在口蹄疫病毒遗传转化质粒载体系统中最常用的农杆菌介导法,提出了生产口蹄疫可饲疫苗需要改进的技术问题。 相似文献
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AMV和WCMV在转基因红三叶中的基因累集 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:4
随着转基因技术的发展及其在植物育种中的应用,出现了一大批表现优良、经济效益高的转基因植物,但生产实践要求一种植物同时具有多个优良的转基因性状。目前解决这一问题的方法主要是基因累集(Gene pyramiding),就是将多个基因集中到同一植株,可以将已经转入1个基因的植株做原材料,用农杆菌介导或基因枪等方法将另一基因转进去。也可以采用人工杂交,在不同转基因植株之间进行人工授粉,从后代中筛选出所需要的基因型。本研究对抗苜蓿花叶病毒(AMV)的转基因红三叶和抗白三叶花叶病毒(WCMV)的转基因红三叶进行了人工杂交,以期获得兼有2个基因、同时抵抗2种病毒的新植株,为下一步的育种打好基础。几乎所有的杂交组合都结了种子,杂交一代的发芽率随杂交亲本转基因拷贝数的不同而有所变化,只有1个转基因拷贝的亲本其杂种发芽率最高。对所有幼苗先用PCR进行检测,从中挑出较理想的基因型作进一步的分子生物学分析。Southern和Northern印迹分析结果表明,有些杂交一代的转入基因多于1个拷贝,有一部分同时兼有2种抗病基因,并且得到了表达。为进一步检测其抗病性,对它们进行了温室接种和田间评估,结果显示,尽管有的个体Northern分析呈阳性,但在田间仍然对病毒敏感,不过其感病程度都比对照有显著降低。大多数兼有2种转入基因的植株都能同时抵抗2种病毒,可以作为免疫个体供下一步育种之用。与遗传转化相比,人工杂交以其操作简单、省时省力、预见性强和准确率高而具有明显优势,是常规育种方法在分子育种中的具体体现。 相似文献
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The continued spread of rabies through the eastern islands of Indonesia poses a risk of rabies introduction to Timor Leste. To prepare for such an incursion and to undertake surveillance activities, the size and distribution of the roaming dog population needs to be estimated. We present the results of the first such surveys ever undertaken in Timor Leste. 相似文献
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Hoang Le HUY Nobuo KOIZUMI Harimurti NURADJI Susanti Susan M. NOOR NLP Indi DHARMAYANTI Takeshi HAGA Kazuhiro HIRAYAMA Kozue MIURA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(3):531
The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in small mammals dwelling in the city was used as an indicator of AMR bacteria in the environment. We captured 87 small mammals (79 brown rats and 8 house shrews) in four markets, Bogor, Indonesia in October 2019, and we obtained 20 AMR Escherichia coli (E. coil) from 18 brown rats and two house shrews. Of these, eight isolates were determined to be multi-drug resistant (MDR) E. coli, suggesting the potential contamination of AMR E. coli in the markets in Bogor, Indonesia, and that mammals, including humans, are at risk of infection with AMR E. coli from environment. 相似文献
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猪伪狂犬病毒PCR检测方法的建立及应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)gE基因序列保守区段,设计一对特异性引物,通过优化反应条件,建立了可区分猪伪狂犬病毒野毒株与基因缺失疫苗株的PCR检测方法,并对该方法的敏感性、特异性和重复性进行了验证。结果显示,该PCR方法可扩增出388 bp的目的片段;对模板的最低检测量为1.1 pg;与猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型、猪细小病毒、猪支原体、猪瘟病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪乙型脑炎病毒、猪流行性腹泻病毒无交叉反应,具有高特异性。采用建立的PCR方法对2014年以来全国不同地区81个猪场421份疑似病料进行检测,发现PRV猪场平均阳性率为35.80%,样品平均阳性率为 25.42%。该方法灵敏度高、特异性强、重复性好,可用于PRV的临床诊断和流行病学调查。 相似文献
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Misriyah H. A. Pawestri M. Azhar G. Tallis L. Schoonman G. Samaan 《Zoonoses and public health》2015,62(5):381-387
WHO, FAO and OIE developed a ‘four‐way linking’ framework to enhance the cross‐sectoral sharing of epidemiological and virological information in responding to zoonotic disease outbreaks. In Indonesia, outbreak response challenges include completeness of data shared between human and animal health authorities. The four‐way linking framework (human health laboratory/epidemiology and animal health laboratory/epidemiology) was applied in the investigation of the 193rd human case of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection. As recommended by the framework, outbreak investigation and risk assessment findings were shared. On 18 June 2013, a hospital in West Java Province reported a suspect H5N1 case in a 2‐year‐old male. The case was laboratory‐confirmed that evening, and the information was immediately shared with the Ministry of Agriculture. The human health epidemiology/laboratory team investigated the outbreak and conducted an initial risk assessment on 19 June. The likelihood of secondary cases was deemed low as none of the case contacts were sick. By 3 July, no secondary cases associated with the outbreak were identified. The animal health epidemiology/laboratory investigation was conducted on 19–25 June and found that a live bird market visited by the case was positive for H5N1 virus. Once both human and market virus isolates were sequenced, a second risk assessment was conducted jointly by the human health and animal health epidemiology/laboratory teams. This assessment concluded that the likelihood of additional human cases associated with this outbreak was low but that future sporadic human infections could not be ruled out because of challenges in controlling H5N1 virus contamination in markets. Findings from the outbreak investigation and risk assessments were shared with stakeholders at both Ministries. The four‐way linking framework clarified the type of data to be shared. Both human health and animal health teams made ample data available, and there was cooperation to achieve risk assessment objectives. 相似文献
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表达传染性喉气管炎病毒gB基因和新城疫病毒F基因重组鸡痘病毒疫苗免疫持续期试验 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
用表达传染性喉气管炎病毒gB基因和新城疫病毒F基因的重组鸡痘病毒(rFPV~gB—F)制备的疫苗免疫4周龄SPF鸡,免疫后的7、14、21、30、60、90、120、150、180d分别采血,分离血清,检测抗FPV和gB的抗体。结果表明重组疫苗免疫后14d,免疫鸡血清抗体已经全部阳转,免疫后的21d血清抗FPV的抗体出现峰值;此后便开始回落,到免疫后的6个月抗体水平已经接近阴性对照的水平。抗gB的抗体在免疫后的第二周达到阳性,之后的六个月都为阳性。在免疫后的每个月将免疫鸡取20只再分成两组。分别用新城疫强毒与传染性喉气管炎强毒的攻击。在免疫后的第一个月对新城疫的保护率为8/10,第2个月对新城疫的保护为7/10,第3个月为2/10,因此对新城疫的免疫保护期为2个月。在免疫后的5个月内可以使免疫鸡对传染性喉气管炎强毒攻击的保护率达到8/10以上,免疫后的6个月对ILT为8/13.因此rF—PV-gB—F对传染性喉气管炎的免疫保护期为5个月。 相似文献
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表达传染性喉气管炎病毒gB基因重组鸡痘病毒疫苗免疫持续期试验 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
将200003批疫苗免疫4周龄SPF鸡,免疫后的7、14、21、30、60、90、120、150、180和225 d分别采血,分离血清,采用ELISA方法检测血清抗FPV抗体,结果表明重组疫苗免疫后14 d,免疫鸡血清抗体已经全部阳转,免疫后的21 d血清抗FPV的抗体出现峰值,此后便开始下降,到免疫后的6个月抗体水平已经接近阴性对照的水平.用ILTV WG株和FPV 102株强毒进行的攻毒保护试验与血清检测的结果基本一致,在免疫后的5个月内可以使免疫鸡获得100%(10/10)保护,免疫后的6个月对ILT和FP的免疫保护分别为1/7和2/10,此时需要对鸡群实施二次免疫.其他5批疫苗(200001、200002、200101、200102和200103)免疫SPF鸡后5个月用ILTV WG株和FPV 102株攻击也获得了完全保护. 相似文献
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研究了由南京地区分离的鸭源流感病毒A/duck/Nanjing/21/95(H9N2?)感染商品来航鸡后,各组织脏器中病毒分离情况和病毒抗原分布。结果表明,禽流感病毒(AIV)可以从肾脏、肺脏、脾脏和心脏中分离出来,接种后3d(PI3),病毒在组织中的分离率最高,且又以肾脏的分离率最高。病毒抗原主要分布在肾小管上皮细胞、呼吸系统单核细胞和少量上皮细胞的胞核内,PI3时病毒抗原的检出率最高。这些结果表明,肾脏是该毒株复制的主要部位,肾脏的病变是病毒直接损伤的结果,而且该株AIV具备在呼吸系统内复制的潜力。 相似文献
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桑树病毒与病毒病的研究进展(Ⅰ) 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
桑树病毒病是危害桑树的一类重要病害。简要介绍已发现的10种桑树病毒病的病原分类、分布及部分病毒病危害桑树的典型病征,重点总结了桑坏死病毒病、桑潜隐病毒病、桑环斑病毒病、桑大斑块花叶病毒病等在病原物分离提取和病毒的基本性状、基因组等基础研究,以及病毒的寄主范围、侵染特征和病害诊断与防治方面的研究进展,为桑树病毒病的综合防治提供指导。 相似文献