稳定表达水貂SLAM受体BHK-21细胞系的建立及初步应用

为了建立易于犬瘟热病毒(CDV)培养增殖的细胞系,试验采用BHK-21细胞为亲本细胞,将表达水貂信号淋巴细胞激活分子(SLAM)的真核表达质粒pDisplay-mink SLAM转染到细胞中,通过G418压力筛选并结合有限稀释法等方法成功构建出稳定表达水貂SLAM的单克隆细胞系BMS,并采用间接荧光免疫和PCR等方法进行初步鉴定。结果表明:应用该细胞系可有效提高CDV分离效率,并成功分离得到山东诸城水貂、狐狸CDV各1株。     

稳定表达山羊SLAM受体的Vero细胞系的建立

信号淋巴激活分子（signalling lymphocyte activation molecule, SLAM）又称CD150,是小反刍兽疫病毒（peste des petits ruminants virus, PPRV）和犬瘟热病毒（canine distemper virus, CDV）等麻疹病毒属病毒感染淋巴细胞的主要受体,在病毒侵入细胞中发挥着重要作用。为了建立稳定表达山羊SLAM真核细胞系,本研究将全基因合成的gSLAM基因克隆至真核表达质粒pIRES2-GFP中,构建了重组质粒pIRES2-gSLAM。将该重组质粒转染非洲绿猴肾细胞（Vero）,经G418筛选后,筛选到稳定表达gSLAM基因的细胞系Vero-gSLAM,该细胞系在传代至第10代,仍能稳定表达gSLAM基因,PPRV N75/1病毒株可以感染且能形成明显的细胞病变（CPE）,相比在Vero细胞上10^-4.65 TCID₅₀/0.1 mL的毒价,在Vero-gSLAM上为10^-5.75 TCID₅₀/0.1 mL,其毒价有所提高。该细胞系可用于PPRV强毒分离和致弱机制等相关研究。     

可诱导表达小反刍兽疫病毒P蛋白细胞系的建立

为研究小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)磷蛋白(P)的生化功能,本研究通过PCR将PPRV p全长基因扩增后克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA4/TO中,构建了重组质粒pcDNA4/TO-PPRVP。将该质粒转染至已稳定转入pcDNA6/TR质粒的T-REx293细胞中,并用博来霉素和稻瘟菌素筛选存活克隆。将强力霉素添加至存活细胞克隆中诱导P蛋白表达,Western blot及间接免疫荧光试验鉴定出可诱导表达P蛋白的细胞克隆,扩增阳性克隆获得能够稳定表达P蛋白的细胞系。Western blot显示该细胞系表达的P蛋白能够与山羊PPRV阳性血清反应,并能够有效抑制聚肌胞苷酸诱导的STAT1磷酸化,表明该细胞系表达的重组PPRV P蛋白具有与野生型P蛋白类似的生物活性。本研究利用Tet on系统建立了表达PPRV P蛋白的真核细胞系,为深入研究PPRV的致病机制奠定了基础。     

稳定表达兔岩藻糖基转移酶RK13细胞系的建立

为了构建稳定表达兔岩藻糖基转移酶(fucosyltransferase,FUT2)的RK13细胞系,本研究将FUT2基因编码序列插入到慢病毒载体p LOV-GFP-3Flag中,构建了p LOV-3Flag-FUT2重组质粒。将p LOV-3Flag-FUT2与包装质粒ps PAX2和外膜质粒p MD2.G共转染293T细胞,获得重组病毒样颗粒。用含病毒样颗粒的细胞培养上清液感染RK13细胞,并通过嘌呤霉素筛选、纯化,获得稳定表达FUT2的细胞系,命名为RK-FUT2细胞。连续培养10代后,利用PCR、RT-PCR和Western blot方法鉴定,结果表明,RK-FUT2细胞系能够稳定表达兔岩藻糖基转移酶。该细胞系为研究FUT2在兔病毒性出血症病毒(Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus,RHDV)感染过程和致病机制中的作用提供了有力工具。     

稳定表达小反刍兽疫病毒N蛋白的CHO细胞系的建立及表达产物的抗原性鉴定

为制备具有天然抗原活性的小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)核衣壳(N)蛋白,本研究建立了稳定表达PPRV N蛋白的真核细胞系。首先,将去除核定位信号(NLS)编码序列并且在其5'端引入组织纤维蛋白溶酶原抗原信号肽(tPA SP)编码序列的PPRV N基因克隆至真核表达质粒pCAGG-neo中,构建了重组质粒pCAGG-N△NLS/his。并将其转染于CHO细胞中,经G418压力培养并采用间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)及western blot试验筛选鉴定,获得稳定表达PPRV N蛋白的细胞系。通过IFA及western blot试验鉴定His标签表明该细胞系传代至22代仍能够稳定表达PPRV N蛋白。最后通过western blot等试验表明该蛋白能够与绵羊抗PPRV多克隆抗体反应,进一步表明该细胞系表达的PPRV N蛋白具有天然的N蛋白抗原性,为PPRV病原学诊断等相关研究奠定了基础。     

启动子p7.5/p11在山羊痘病毒和羊口疮病毒中的启动功能验证

为验证痘苗病毒启动子p7.5/p11在山羊痘病毒(GPV)和羊口疮病毒(ORFV)中的启动功能,本研究通过p TKpp质粒以绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)为报告基因,构建含有p7.5/p11-GFP表达盒的重组质粒p TKp-gpt-i-GFP-p和p TKpp-H-i-GFP,将其利用脂质体转染预感染GPV或ORFV的羔羊睾丸(LT)细胞中。结果显示,两种重组质粒转染LT细胞24 h后均可以检测到绿色荧光,表明p7.5/p11均能够有效的启动目的蛋白的瞬时表达。同时,构建用于GPV重组的通用转移载体p TKfpgigp,将含有小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)的F基因的重组质粒p TKfpgigp-F与GPV共转染LT细胞,经同源重组制备表达PPRV F基因的重组GPV(r GPV)。结果显示,r GPV在感染的LT细胞中F基因能够稳定表达。结果证明,痘苗病毒启动子p7.5和p11均能够被GPV或ORFV编码的RNA聚合酶所识别,从而启动外源目的基因的表达。因此,p7.5和p11可以用于表达外源基因的GPV或ORFV重组病毒的构建。     

表达狂犬病病毒G蛋白重组犬瘟热病毒Snyder Hill株的构建及鉴定

为构建一株表达狂犬病病毒(RV) G蛋白的重组犬瘟热病毒(CDV),本研究以本实验室分离的CDVSnyder Hill疫苗株为基础,在CDV P和M基因之间插入RV弱毒疫苗株ERA G蛋白基因,构建重组质粒p CI-CDV-RVG及表达CDV N、P和L蛋白的辅助质粒p CI-CDVN、p CI-CDVP和p CI-CDVL,将重组质粒和辅助质粒共转染BSR细胞,拯救获得了表达RV G蛋白的重组犬瘟热病毒(rCDV-RVG),将该重组病毒在Vero细胞中传代,通过RT-PCR、间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)和western blot鉴定。结果显示RV G基因能够在r CDV-RVG中稳定存在并正确表达。病毒生长动力学曲线显示,重组病毒在Vero细胞中的增殖效率与拯救的亲本病毒r CDV无显著差异(p0.05)。本研究表明CDV Snyder Hill株作为载体表达外源基因的潜力,为研制高效、安全、廉价的CDV-RV二联活载体疫苗奠定基础。     

稳定表达SLAM受体的Vero和BHK21细胞系的建立及其对犬瘟热病毒分离效果的比较

旨在构建稳定表达SLAM受体的SLAM-Vero细胞系和SLAM-BHK21细胞系,并比较其对犬瘟热病毒(CDV)野毒株的敏感性,为CDV野毒株的快速分离与研究提供一种有效的工具。将真核表达载体Pcag-SLAM分别转染Vero细胞和BHK21细胞。经G418压力筛选结合有限稀释法筛选阳性克隆株,并通过RT-PCR、间接免疫荧光鉴定(IFA)和Western blot等方法对稳定表达SLAM受体的SLAM-Vero细胞系和SLAM-BHK21细胞系加以验证。应用这两种细胞系对3例临床犬瘟热病例的5种不同组织进行病毒分离,对分离得到的CDV进行RT-PCR及IFA鉴定。结果显示,经RT-PCR和Western blot验证,本研究成功构建出SLAM-Vero细胞系和SLAM-BHK21细胞系,SLAM-Vero细胞接种病毒12~24h即可出现典型的CDV导致的细胞融合体CPE,利用SLAM-Vero细胞从3只CDV阳性犬的肺和脾中分离得到2株CDV,而SLAM-BHK21细胞、亲本Vero细胞及亲本BHK21细胞未能分离出病毒。研究表明,与SLAM-BHK21细胞相比,SLAM-Vero细胞对CDV的分离率较高,并能产生明显的CPE。在分离CDV野毒株时,选择肺和脾更容易在SLAM-Vero细胞系上分离出病毒。     

稳定表达施马伦贝格病毒核衣壳蛋白的BHK-21细胞系的建立

为建立稳定表达施马伦贝格病毒(SBV)核衣壳(N)蛋白的BHK-21细胞系,本研究在SBV-N蛋白编码基因的C端加入6个组氨酸(6×His)标签,将其克隆至慢病毒载体p LV-EGFP-C中构建重组慢病毒质粒p LV-EGFP-SBV-N,将其与慢病毒包装质粒p Helper1.0和p Helper2.0共转染HEK-293T细胞,包装表达SBV-N蛋白的慢病毒。将重组慢病毒在聚凝胺(Polybrene)的介导下感染BHK-21细胞,采用嘌呤霉素(Puromycin)法和细胞有限稀释法筛选出一株稳定表达SBV-N蛋白的BHK-21细胞系,命名为BHK-21-EGFP-SBV-N。间接免疫荧光试验进一步表明,该细胞系能够被SBV抗体阳性动物血清和特异性单克隆抗体2C8识别。稳定表达SBV-N蛋白的BHK-21细胞系的建立,为SBV血清学检测方法的建立提供材料。     

稳定表达犬瘟热病毒Nectin4受体的Vero细胞系构建

为提高病毒的分离效率,本试验设计构建了能够表达犬瘟热病毒（canine distemper virus,CDV）上皮细胞Nectin4受体的Vero细胞。为增加蛋白定位的准确性并易于鉴定,使用Igκ信号肽替换原有信号肽序列并添加了HA标签,在Nectin4 ORF后串联IRES-Puro序列并连入pCI-Neo真核表达载体,得到完整的转染载体pCI-N4。不同浓度嘌呤霉素孵育Vero细胞得到最小筛选浓度为6 μg/mL。pCI-N4重组质粒转染Vero细胞后使用6 μg/mL嘌呤霉素筛选,5~7 d后出现具有抗性的细胞簇,有限稀释法连续单克隆纯化3代后获得稳定表达的细胞系。构建细胞系传代至15代能检测到Nectin4 mRNA转录,Western blotting检测筛选细胞得到约60 ku目的蛋白表达,间接免疫荧光检测显示纯化细胞蛋白表达丰度高且表达均一,激光共聚焦观察Nectin4目的蛋白定位于细胞膜,说明筛选的Vero-Nectin4细胞系能够稳定表达,表达蛋白能够满足作为CDV受体的结构要求。临床CDV阳性病料经研磨滤菌处理后接种构建细胞系能够产生典型的合胞体细胞病变,Vero对照组盲传3次未有病变。分离毒株TICD₅₀=10^-5.9/0.1 mL。构建的Vero-Nectin4细胞系可用于CDV分离。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.