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瘤胃非降解蛋白质对高产奶牛瘤胃发酵、血液代谢产物、产乳量和乳成分的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
选用10头经产荷斯坦种乳牛分为对照和试验两组,以二乘反转法,研究了增加日粮中非降解蛋白质(RUP)的含量对高产奶牛瘤胃发醇、产乳量和乳成分的影响。两组日粮基本相同,试验组日粮是用加热大豆粕替代了对照组日粮中的生大豆粕,使RUP比例提高3.9%。结果表明,RUP比例的提高对瘤胃液氨氮浓度、纤毛虫种类及其数量和挥发性脂肪酸浓度及其组成无显著影响(P>0.1)。试验组牛血浆葡萄糖浓度有下降趋势(P<0.1),尿素氮、总游离氨基酸和必需氨基酸浓度两组间均无明显差异(P>0.1)。虽然两组乳牛干物质采食量无明显差异,但是试验组产乳量、4%脂肪校正乳量、乳糖和无脂固形物生产量显著增加(P<0.05),分别比对照组提高7.1%(2.3kg/d)、6.1%(1.9kg/d)、5.8%(80g/d)和6.8%(180g/d);乳蛋白质和乳脂肪生产量稍有提高,但无明显差异(P>0.1)。试验组比对照组乳蛋白质率低0.09%单位(P<0.1),乳脂率、乳糖率和无脂固形物率低0.06%~0.08%单位(P>0.1),乳脂中脂肪酸比例无明显变化。以上结果显示:提高高产奶牛日粮中RUP比例可增加产奶量,但是同时要想改善乳蛋白质含量为主的乳成分,需要平衡地改善能量、蛋白质乃至葡萄糖营养的供给状况。 相似文献
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旨在研究饲粮不同粗蛋白质(CP)水平对中国荷斯坦奶牛乳尿素氮(MUN)、氮(N)消化及血液尿素氮(BUN)的影响。采用4×4拉丁方设计,16头经产中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4个处理。4个处理的饲粮能量相近,CP水平分别为12. 72%、13. 52%、14. 43%和15. 37%。试验分为4个周期,每个周期15 d,后5 d为样品收集期。奶样收集3 d,同时收集粪便,每期最后1 d晨饲前空腹采集血样。每天测量产奶量和干物质摄入量。结果:不同蛋白水平日粮奶牛干物质采食量(DMI)和产奶量组间差异不明显(P>0. 05),除了MUN随着饲粮CP水平的增加呈现增加趋势以外,其他乳成分影响不显著(P>0. 05),高蛋白质水平组MUN明显高于低蛋白组(P<0. 05)。随着饲粮CP水平的提高,氮的摄入量明显增加(P<0. 05),同时N的排泄量和消化率也不断增加,但组间无显著差异(P>0. 05)。BUN和MUN变化趋势基本一致,高蛋白质组的BUN明显高于低蛋白质组(P<0. 05),而对其他血液指标的影响不显著(P>0. 05)。在本试验条件下,不同蛋白质水平日粮能够影响中国荷斯坦奶牛MUN、BUN的变化,且两者变化趋势一致,而对产奶量、N消化率影响不明显,MUN可以代替BUN成为检测奶牛蛋白质营养状况的指标之一。 相似文献
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Masahito SUGIMOTO Waka SAITO Motoki OOI Yukinobu SATO Toshiro SAITO Kiyokazu MORI 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(6):587-594
Six ruminally cannulated Wagyu (Japanese Black) steers (average initial bodyweight (BW) 387 ± 29 kg) were used in a split‐plot design experiment, comprising a 3 × 3 Latin square design (whole plot) and a randomized block design (subplot). The whole plot treatments were three different feeding levels of supplemental diet, fed at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% of BW, on a dry matter (DM) basis. Subplot treatments were two different supplemental diets: a potato pulp silage‐based diet (PPS) and a grain‐based diet (GRAIN). Chopped, medium‐quality cool‐season grass hay (predominately Timothy, Phleum pratense L) was fed daily at 0.7% BW (on a DM basis) as the basal diet. Each period consisted of 21 d, which included 11 d of adaptation to the diets and 10 d of the collection period. Chromium oxide was used as an indigestible marker. In situ forage degradation was measured using the nylon bag technique. The dry matter intake increased (linear; P < 0.01) as the feeding level increased and was not affected by the diet. Digestibility was not affected by any treatments. The GRAIN diet tended to decrease the rate of in situ forage degradation as the feeding level increased, but this trend was not found in the steers fed the PPS diet. Steers fed the GRAIN diet had a lower (P < 0.1) ruminal pH compared with steers fed the PPS diet. Ruminal pH was not significantly affected by feeding level; however, it was numerically higher for steers supplemented at 0.2% per BW than that for the steers supplemented above 0.4% per BW due probably to the higher starch intake. The total volatile fatty acids concentration numerically increased as the feeding level increased and was not affected by the diet. Increasing the feeding level decreased (linear, P < 0.01) the proportion of acetate. Neither diet nor the feeding level had any effects on the proportion of ruminal propionate. The results suggested that, for steers fed the PPS diet, there are not adverse effects on forage digestion in the rumen that occur as the feeding level is increased. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究5-羟色胺(5-HT)对围产期母羊生产性能及血浆和乳中钙转运相关生化指标的影响。试验选用30只巴美肉羊母羊,按体重随机分为3组,分别为对照组、5-羟基色胺酸(5-HTP)组(灌注5-HTP)和色氨酸(Trp)组(灌注Trp),每组10只。在母羊围产期产前第7天至产后第0天,进行颈静脉灌注,5-HTP和Trp的灌注剂量均为0.178 mg/kg BW,浓度为0.1 mg/mL;对照组灌注同等剂量的生理盐水。试验期为产前第7天至产后第30天。结果表明:1)各组间母羊体重无显著差异(P>0.05)。产后第5、9和15天,Trp组母羊泌乳量均低于对照组(P>0.05);产后第9和15天,5-HTP组母羊泌乳量均高于对照组(P>0.05)。产后第16~30天,5-HTP组羔羊平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。2)产后第15天,Trp组血浆和乳中钙浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);产后第3、6和15天,5-HTP组血浆和乳中钙浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。产后第6天,Trp组血浆5-HT浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);产后第30天,Trp组乳中5-HT浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);产后第6、9和30天,5-HTP组血浆和乳中5-HT浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。产后第3、6和15天,Trp组和5-HTP组血浆甲状旁腺素相关蛋白(PTHrP)浓度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见,灌注5-HTP可以促进母羊泌乳,提高羊羔平均日增重;灌注5-HTP和Trp可以增加血浆和乳中钙、5-HT浓度及血浆PTHrP浓度。 相似文献
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为研究夏季热应激情况下使用全脂膨化菜籽配制哺乳母猪饲粮对其生产性能的影响,选择妊娠107 d不同胎次的长大母猪30头,采用随机区组设计分为3组,每组10头母猪,分别接受3种饲粮处理:即试验1组(5.63%膨化菜籽)、试验2组(9%膨化菜籽)、对照组(2%猪油+5%膨化大豆)。结果表明,母猪哺乳期第18至第22天日采食量,试验1组和试验2组分别比对照组提高0.90和0.38 kg;哺乳期第18至第22天日采食量峰值,试验1组和试验2组分别比对照组提高0.64和0.23 kg;日采食量达到峰值后下降速度,试验1组和试验2组分别比对照组低50%和42.5%。试验1组、试验2组和对照组母猪失重率均较小,分别为3.10%、5.90%、4.63%;母猪断奶后1周内全部发情。哺乳仔猪窝增重,试验1组和试验2组分别比对照组提高0.65、0.75 kg。哺乳仔猪18日龄以前没有出现腹泻,19~22日龄出现轻微腹泻,且腹泻率很低。乳品质,试验1组和试验2组优于对照组;血液生理生化指标,3组均在正常范围内。说明使用全脂膨化菜籽配制的哺乳母猪饲粮适口性好,能显著增加热应激情况下哺乳母猪的采食量,改善乳品质,提高其生产性能,效果优于添加猪油+膨化大豆的饲粮。 相似文献
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Esra Duman;Özge Özmen;Selim Kul; 《Veterinary Medicine and Science》2024,10(4):e1505
The comprehensive understanding of microRNAs (miRNAs) in sheep milk during various lactation periods and their impact on milk yield and composition remains limited. 相似文献
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Masahito SUGIMOTO Takuya CHIBA Masayo KANAMOTO Hisashi HIDARI Katsuya KIDA Waka SAITO Motoki OOI Yukinobu SATO Toshiro SAITO 《Animal Science Journal》2007,78(6):587-595
Six Wagyu (Japanese Black) steers fitted with a ruminal cannula were used in a split‐plot design experiment comprising a 3 × 3 Latin square design (whole plot) and a randomized blocks design (subplot) to determine the effect of the treatment of potato pulp (PP) with urea and the effect of inclusion levels of PP silage in feed supplement on digestibility, ruminal in situ degradation and ruminal fermentation. The whole plot consisted of 20%, 50% and 80% PP silage (dry matter (DM) basis), with PP silage replacing formula feed. The subplot included untreated or 0.5% (on an as‐fed basis) urea‐treated PP. The treatment of PP with urea showed no effect on DM intake and digestibility. The percentage of the rapidly degradable DM fraction of the urea‐treated PP silage was higher (P < 0.01) and the percentage of its slowly degradable DM fraction was lower (P < 0.01) than for the untreated PP silage. Ruminal ammonia concentration was greater (P < 0.01) for steers fed urea‐treated PP silage than that for steers fed the untreated PP silage. The treatment of PP with urea caused a decrease in the molar proportion of acetate and an increase in the proportion of propionate in ruminal fluid after feeding. The rate of DM degradations in hay (linear, P < 0.01) and in PP silage decreased (linear, P < 0.01) as the inclusion level of PP silage increased. Increasing the inclusion level of PP silage in supplement decreased the effective degradability of DM in hay (linear, P < 0.05) and in PP silage (linear, P < 0.05). An increase in the amount of PP silage increased the molar proportion of acetate (linear, P < 0.01) and decreased the butyrate proportion (linear, P < 0.05) in ruminal fluid. The results suggest that urea treatment of PP facilitates microbial access to starch of PP silage in the rumen and that surplus level of PP silage in supplement have adverse effect on ruminal digestion. 相似文献
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上海地区季节变化对奶牛产奶性能影响的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探讨上海地区季节性变化对奶牛产奶量的影响,笔者采集2006年1月~2007年10月基础产奶量数据共17284牛次,分析季节变化对奶牛生产性能的影响。结果表明,12、1和2月份分娩的母牛产奶量较高,7、8、9和10月份分娩的母牛产奶量较低,其他月份居中;10、8、7和9月份4个自然月产奶量极显著低于其他月份,其中9月份最低,而其他各月份差异不明显;奶牛分娩后不同泌乳月份产奶量由高到低的顺序是2、3、4、1、5、6、7、8、9、10和大于10个月龄。季节对奶牛的产奶性能有明显影响,应根据季节制定不同的饲养管理任务和采取相应的饲养措施,同时建议对奶牛的DHI记录也应考虑季节的影响。 相似文献
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Caixia Zou Qichao Gu Xiaokang Zhou zhongsheng Xia Wasim I. Muhammad Qingfeng Tang Mingzhen Liang Bo Lin Guangsheng Qin 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(5):1374-1379
The ruminal microbiota of 15 dairy buffalo was characterized using high‐throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results showed that Bacteroidetes was the dominant bacterial phylum in all rumen samples, followed by Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Tenericutes and Verrucomicrobia. Butyrivibrio was positively correlated with average milk fat yield (R = 0.55; p = 0.03), average milk total solid yield (R = 0.56; p = 0.03) and standard milk yield (R = 0.52; p = 0.05). Acinetobacter were positively correlated with average milk protein yield (R = 0.56; p = 0.03), average milk total solid yield (R = 0.60; p = 0.02) and standard milk yield (R = 0.57; p = 0.03). Acetobacter was positively correlated with acetate (R = 0.63; p = 0.01), propionate content (R = 0.55; p = 0.03), butyrate content (R = 0.61; p = 0.02) and total VFA (R = 0.62; p = 0.01). The phyla Proteobacteria (R = 0.53; p = 0.04) and genus Prevotella (R = 0.52; p = 0.05) were positively correlated with butyrate content. Correlation analysis suggested that increased Butyrivibrio and Acinetobacter residing in the buffalo rumen could improve milk performance. 相似文献
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选用60头中国荷斯坦奶牛,按照胎次、体况及产乳量随机分成A、B两组(n=30)。A组牛为对照组,饲喂含有奶牛原有青贮饲料的全混合日粮(TMR);B组为试验组,在A组饲喂全混合日粮的基础上,每吨另添加0.5kgThepax(宝利肥)。结果表明,Thepax(宝利肥)对纤毛虫种类、数量和挥发性脂肪酸浓度及其组成无显著影响(P〉0.05)。两组乳牛干物质采食量无明显差异,但Thepax(宝利肥)组可以显著提高产乳量(P〈0.05);添加Thepax(宝利肥)后,B组乳脂肪率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率、干物质率、脂肪蛋白比的值分别比A组提高2.56%、1.26%、1.30%、0.26%、1.50%。 相似文献
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本研究通过对北京地区1998-2016年28个场区的奶牛生产性能测定(DHI)数据进行分析,旨在比较不同产犊季节对1~3胎奶牛泌乳曲线相关参数的影响。使用Wood模型对1~3胎不同产犊季节群体和个体泌乳曲线进行拟合,并获得相应胎次下不同产犊季节奶牛泌乳曲线参数a、b、c (分别代表泌乳潜力、产奶量上升至顶峰速率、产奶量达到顶峰后下降速率)、泌乳曲线二级参数Per、PY (分别代表泌乳持续力、泌乳峰值)及305 d产奶量(305MY)。群体和个体水平的曲线拟合采用SAS 9.2中NLIN模块进行,采用混合线性模型分析不同产犊季节对各胎次奶牛泌乳曲线参数的影响。结果显示:产犊季节对Wood泌乳曲线的泌乳潜力、达到峰值的上升速率、达到峰值后的下降速率、泌乳峰值及305MY均有显著影响(P<0.05),对于泌乳持续力没有显著影响(P>0.05)。夏季产犊牛泌乳曲线整体低于其他产犊季节,且胎次越高趋势越明显,1胎牛受到的影响较小;从胎次上分析,头胎牛泌乳持续力极显著高于经产牛(P<0.01);头胎牛夏季产犊305MY比其他产犊季节的低274.33~490.17 kg,经产牛夏季产犊305MY比其他产犊季节的低440.76~930.68 kg。以上结果提示,北京地区牛场应注重做好经产牛和头胎牛的防暑降温工作,注意调整配种时间,避免夏季产犊牛过多,造成损失。 相似文献
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钴是瘤胃微生物生长不可缺少的元素,为研究日粮添加无机钴对瘤胃微生物氮代谢的影响,用人工瘤胃模拟装置研究添加不同水平钴(0 mg/kgDM、0.05 mg/kgDM、0.10 mg/kgDM、0.15 mg/kgDM、0.20 mg/kgDM和0.25 mg/kgDM)对体外癌胃液氨浓度和微生物氮产量的影响.结果表明,与不添加的对照纽相比,添加钴可使发酵液的不同时间点氧浓度和总氨浓度、总微生物氮产量显著增加(P<0.05),并明显提高有机物发酵率(P<0.05),添加钴明显促进瘤胃微生物对日粮有机物的发酵,增加微生物氮产量. 相似文献
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乳蛋白是乳中重要的组成成分,是衡量乳品质的重要指标,主要由酪蛋白、乳清蛋白和乳脂球膜蛋白等组成。乳脂球膜蛋白是乳蛋白的一个特殊亚群,具有抑制癌细胞、抗病毒感染、增强机体免疫等功能。此外,乳脂球膜蛋白与多发性硬化症、自闭症、冠心病等疾病的发生密切相关。本文主要对羊乳脂球膜蛋白的组成及其在不同羊品种、不同泌乳时期、急性期与正常期以及不同物种间的差异性方面的研究进行归纳总结,以助于全面认识乳脂球膜蛋白的组成与功能,了解其分泌机制,为制订合理的羔羊断奶方案和开发科学的羔羊代乳粉配方奠定一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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A rapid method for the determination of urea in milk was evaluated. The method employed was a urease/glutamate dehydrogenase procedure where the decrease in absorbante of NADH is monitored spectrophotometrically at 340 nm. The repeatability expressed as a coefficient of variation, was 1.4 % and 0.8 % for whole milk and skim milk, respectively. The accuracy of the method for urea determinations in whole milk was satisfactory (coefficient of variation, 2.6 %). Adding the preservative bronopol (0.02%) to the milk or freezing of the milk samples for one week did not alter urea levels significantly (P > 0.05). The storage of preserved whole milk in a refrigerator for 14 days, however, increased milk urea levels measured by 3.1 % (P < 0.001).It was concluded that the method evaluated is simple, rapid (40–50 samples/h) and yields reliable results also when whole milk is used. Since the determination of milk urea may be useful in assessing the feeding of energy and protein, the method is suitable for integration in the existing milk recording system in Sweden. 相似文献
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综述了国内外测定乳尿素氮浓度的情况,评价了国内外测定乳尿素氮的优缺点以及乳成分和:样保存条件对乳尿素氮浓度测定的影响. 相似文献
19.
旨在研究日粮补充棕榈酸对泌乳早期奶牛泌乳性能、血液生化指标和激素水平的影响。本研究选用体重((598.49±30.98)kg)、胎次(2~4胎)、泌乳时期(产犊15~37天)和泌乳量((20.76±3.32)kg)相近的健康中国荷斯坦奶牛30头,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮上补充2.0%和4.0%棕榈酸,每组设10个重复,每个重复1头牛,试验期为60d。在试验开始和结束时采集奶样和血液样品,测定乳成分,同时测定血液生化指标和激素浓度。结果表明:1)3个处理组之间的日均干物质采食量、初始产奶量、饲料效率、初始乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳非脂固形物率和乳糖含量和初始的游离脂肪酸、葡萄糖、乙酰乙酸、β-羟丁酸、胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)浓度以及胰岛素、胰高血糖素和瘦素含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,2.0%和4.0%棕榈酸组显著提高产奶量、标准乳(FCM)产量和试验后乳脂率、葡萄糖、胰岛素和IGF-1浓度(P<0.05),显著降低试验后乙酰乙酸、β-羟丁酸、游离脂肪酸、胰高血糖素和瘦素浓度(P<0.05)。3)2.0%与4.0%棕榈酸组之间的产奶量、FCM、乳蛋白、乳非脂固形物率、乳糖、葡萄糖、乙酰乙酸、β-羟丁酸、游离脂肪酸、IGF-1、胰岛素、胰高血糖素和瘦素浓度差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果提示,日粮补充2.0%或4.0%棕榈酸可通过调节泌乳早期奶牛体内激素分泌,使酮体生成量减少,提高产奶量,改善乳品质。本试验条件下,综合考虑效果最佳剂量为日粮补充2.0%棕榈酸。 相似文献
20.
Camels have the potential for milk, meat and draught power and can contribute a handsome share of the production of these commodities. The potential of this wonderful animal has never been realized and it could be harnessed as a prospective milk producing animal. The future of animals that can thrive under harsh environmental conditions, the camel being at the top of the list, is bright. The camel is still a neglected species in Pakistan and has not received the proper attention of researchers and scientists. The population explosion, urbanization and industrialization have expanded agricultural activities to produce more food for the rapid growing human population of the country. Cultivated areas are shrinking, thus reducing the fodder production area for buffalo and cattle. Under these circumstances we have to search for other available sources to enhance milk production. The environmental changes occurring on the earth and the water shortage in the region have also adversely affected the production potential of buffalo, cattle, goats and sheep. Under these changing ecological circumstances, rearing camel is the best option for more milk production and the proper utilization of the vast unused lands of this country. Most studies also have named the camel as an animal of great socioeconomic importance in large tracts of the industrializing world. The camel serves as a cheaper source of power for drawing water from wells, plowing and leveling land, working mini extraction mills (extracting from oil seeds), grinding wheat, corn and other grains and crushing sugarcane and pulling carts for the transportation of goods as well as people. 相似文献