糖果鸢尾(Candy Lily)新品种‘Slight Smile’和‘Sheng Ni’

‘Slight Smile’和‘Sheng Ni’是野鸢尾(Irisdichotoma)和射干(I.domestica),经杂交、回交、自交获得的实生后代群体中选育获得的。‘Slight Smile’花色橙黄色,开花时间为10:15~17:45;‘Sheng Ni’花色粉色,开花时间为12:00~19:00。2个品种的花期为7月下旬~8月下旬,耐寒、耐干旱、耐瘠薄,北方可露地越冬。     

戈壁滩‘克瑞森’葡萄环剥(环割)技术初探

<正>‘克瑞森’葡萄属欧亚种,生长旺盛,萌芽率高,成枝力较强,但幼树成花坐果率较差。为了达到早结果早丰产这一目的,除了在调控水肥上做文章以外,对主蔓环剥、环割的促花效果明显。     

‘南果梨’丰产优质栽培技术(续II)

(续前)4土肥水管理4.1改良土壤‘南果梨’树大多栽植于山坡地、沙滩地等瘠薄的土地上,其特点是土层浅薄,土壤质地或粘或沙,养分贫乏。这种土壤不能满足果树根系生长发育对土壤环     

无籽西瓜新品种‘黑宝公’的选育(摘要)

<正>1选育过程"黑宝公"是合肥丰乐种业股份有限公司选育的圆形墨绿皮红瓤无籽西瓜品种。2003年冬季配组,2004年春、冬季组合初选,2005年、2006年春季比较试验,2007年春季开始生产和示范试验。2010年通过安徽省品种鉴定登记:皖品鉴登字第1001004;2011年通过广西区品种审定:桂审瓜2011001号;2013年通过国家品种鉴定。     

Artificial Ripening of ‘Shiraz’ Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. cv. ‘Shiraz’) Prior to Marketing

Abstract

Although it is one of the traditional fruits, persimmon production in Iran is only about 7,320 tons annually and there has been a decrease in cultivated acreage. The decrease in persimmon consumption can be attributed to the unpleasant astringency of the local Iranian cultivars. The producers' and handlers' lack of knowledge of techniques for removing astringency before sending the fruit to market has greatly influenced this issue. This study was conducted in order to develop recommendations for a simple and economical method for removing the fruit astringency of local cultivars. Fruits of a commercial cultivar (cv. ‘Shiraz’) in Fars province, Iran were harvested at the local commercial maturity stage (breaker stage). The fruits were dipped in ethanol (20, 35 and 50%), acetic acid (3, 6 and 10%), commercial vinegar, hot water (60°C) and tap water as control for 30 min. Some qualitative characteristics such as total soluble solids (TSS), vitamin C, total acids, pH and tannic acid of the treated fruits besides fresh weight changes were measured at 4-day intervals after storage at room temperature. Results indicate that vitamin C and TSS were highest in the 20% ethanol, hot water and 35% ethanol treatments. Total acid was highest in 10 and 6% acetic acid treatments. Tannins were highest in the control treatment and lowest in the 20% ethanol, hot water followed by 35% ethanol. Fruit juice pH was also highest in the 20 and 35% ethanol and hot water. Although tannic acid and total acid declined after treatment, fruit juice pH and TSS increased. Weight loss was lowest in the ethanol 20, 35 and 50%, and hot water treatments, respectively. Results suggest the use of 20% ethanol treatment with ‘Shiraz’ persimmon before short storage and supply to markets would be beneficial in improving consumer acceptance besides being commercially economical and practical.     

西瓜新品种‘榆农5号’的选育(摘要)

<正>1选育经过母本‘YWP’是2002年从美国引进抗枯萎病BMC资源材料中发现的高抗病、大果型的自然变异单株,经连续4年6代自交系统选育而成的性状优良稳定的自交系。父本‘712D’是以我院选育的耐旱抗病的北方适生型材料‘99381’为母本,以耐湿、耐低温、易坐果的南方适生型材料‘黑美12’为父本杂交,经连续5年10     

黄瓤小西瓜新品种‘蜜兰’的选育(摘要)

<正>1选育过程‘蜜兰’是合肥丰乐种业股份有限公司选育的圆形花皮黄瓤小西瓜品种。2000年冬季配组,2001年春、秋季组合初选,2003年、2004年春季比较试验,2004年冬季开始生产和示范试验。2010年通过安徽省品种鉴定登记:皖品鉴登字第1001003;2013年通过国家品种鉴定。     

Gametophytic self-incompatibility causes seedlessness in ‘Kagzi Kalan’ lemon (Citrus limon)

The present study aimed to study the flower and pollen structure, pollen viability, in vitro pollen germination of ‘Kagzi Kalan’ lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck), and in vivo pollen tube growth in self- and cross pollination to understand the mechanism of seedlessness. The results revealed that Kagzi Kalan had tetra-colporate spherical shaped pollen of uniform size. The results of Acetocarmine and FDA test and in vitro germination indicated normal pollen viability and germinability in Kagzi Kalan. In vivo pollen tube growth showed > 50% pollen germination on stigma in all treatments though a greater number of pollen tubes at the mid style, base of the style, and near the ovule was found in cross pollination. Contrary to this, despite optimum pollen germination (53.51–70.37%) in self-pollination treatments, none of the pollen tubes reached the base of the style due to abnormal growth of pollen tubes, viz. curvatures, inhibition of pollen tube growth, and callose deposition. The inhibition of pollen tubes at the mid style under self-pollination treatments, and production of seeded fruits under cross pollination treatments, indicate the presence of self-incompatibility and the site of inhibition of pollen tubes. Thus, gametophytic self-incompatibility (SI) caused seedlessness in Kagzi Kalan by blocking fertilization in the ovary.     

Pre-harvest drop control of ‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Jonathan’ apple (Malus domestica) as affected by the synthetic auxin 3,5,6-TPA

Summary

‘Red Delicious’, the main apple cultivar grown in Israel, and ‘Jonathan’, grown on a smaller scale, are prone to substantial pre-harvest drop. Spraying both cultivars with the synthetic auxin 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl-oxyacetic acid (3,5,6-TPA) reduced pre-harvest fruit drop and increased yield. Application of 40 mg l^–1 3,5,6-TPA 2 weeks before anticipated harvest (WBH), or 30 mg l^–1 3,5,6-TPA at 4 and 2 WBH gave the best results, and were as effective as 2,4,5-trichloro-phenoxypropionic acid (2,4,5-TP) which was the commercial product commonly in use until being withdrawn. There were no negative effects on fruit quality at harvest, or during 8 months of storage. Therefore 3,5,6-TPA can be recommended for routine use on ‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Jonathan’ apples in Israel.     

‘漯丰7号’西瓜的选育与栽培技术要点(摘要)

<正>1选育经过母本‘L2533’漯系本院用引进的复合杂交分离世代材料,经过3代连续自交分离选出的稳定系,特点是抗病性中强,膨瓜速度较快,果实高圆形,品质好,中心可溶性固形物含量可达12%,浅绿皮带墨绿条纹。父本‘漯L421-2’系用引进系‘T34’与本院‘9918’杂交后代连续6代自交选育出的稳定自交系,特点是生长势     

小果型西瓜新品种‘圣女红3号’的选育(摘要)

<正>‘圣女红3号’是以自选育成的特早熟、优质、花皮、红瓤、耐贮运、小果型西瓜新品系‘W1-11-2’为母本,与自选育成的早熟、优质、高糖、花皮、红瓤、长果型西瓜新品系‘W1-7-3’为父本,杂交育成的一代小果型西瓜新品种。2009年配制新组合,2010年进行小区评比鉴定,2011年开始参加上海市西瓜多点区试品比鉴定试验,2012年参加国家小果型西瓜多点区试鉴定试验。该新组合的综合农艺性状优良,比对照品种‘早春红     

‘主流’(Mainstream)甜瓜的一个短节间突变体的遗传

<正> 1980年,在具有正常节间(NI)的‘主流’甜瓜(Cucumis melo.L.)中,发现了一个短节间(SI)突变体,定名为‘主矮’(Main Dwarf)。和主流相比,除节间短(即短蔓)外,叶子较小且绿色较浓,果实也较小.从1984～1988年,主矮和13个正常节间品种和6个短节间品种分别进行了杂交,并对其杂交后代进行了观察和分析.不管主矮是和正常节间品种杂交,还是和短节间品种杂交,F_1代节间均正常.主矮与正常节间品种杂交.F_2代中正常节间植株和短节间植株以3:1的比率分离,其 F_1代与主矮回交的后代中,正常节间植株和短节间植株以1:1的比率分离.主矮与短节间品种杂交,F_2代中正常节间植株和短节间植株以9:7的比率分离;其 F_1代与主矮回交的后代中,     

‘赤霞珠’葡萄~(13)C和~(15)N吸收、分配特性的初步研究

以6年生果实膨大后期‘赤霞珠’葡萄为试材,运用13C和15N标记技术,分别标记不同部位和节位的枝条叶片,研究碳氮营养吸收分配规律。结果表明:标记近主干和远主干枝条叶片,叶片合成的光合产物和吸收的氮素营养在近主干和远主干枝条之间不相互转运,近主干枝条上的果实对光合产物的征调能力强于远主干枝条上的果实,δ值(表示固定的13C同化物的量)是远主干枝条上果实的4.74倍;同一枝条不同节位的标记叶片距结果部位越近,果实的δ值和Ndff值越大,说明果实优先征调距果实近的叶片碳氮素营养;副梢保留6片叶所固定的光合产物总量和吸收的氮素营养总量均大于保留2片叶的,分别是其1.1倍和1.8倍。     

采用~(60)Co辐射育成茄子新品种‘齐茄二号’

‘齐茄二号’是将茄子干种子用剂量为１０．３２Ｃ／ｋｇ的６０Ｃｏ辐射处理后，ＭＭ１中筛选出优良突变株系辐１２７而育成的茄子新品种，１９８３～１９８６年辐１２７参加了全省的区域试验、生产示范，普遍表现抗病、丰产、品质优良，平均比对照鹰嘴茄增产３２．２％，黄萎病病情指数减轻９．４７。果实长直、黑紫色、光泽强、耐老熟、商品性好。现已成为黑龙江茄子主栽品种之一。累计推广面积２６．５万亩，创造社会效益６３５２万余元。     

2种树形‘赤霞珠’葡萄~(13)C和~(15)N吸收分配规律研究

以7年生‘赤霞珠’葡萄为试材,运用~(13)C和~(15)N标记技术,分别标记单干单臂树形和直立龙干树形距离主干最近和最远的新梢叶片,研究不同树形之间的碳氮营养吸收分配规律。结果表明:无论是单干单臂树形还是直立龙干树形,标记新梢的叶片固定和吸收碳氮营养大部分用于自身新梢的建设(73.49%～98.59%),剩余的向外运输。单干单臂树形标记新梢叶片制造的碳氮营养优先向水平方向上距离其较近的新梢分配,而直立龙干树形的碳氮营养具有极性分配特征,即上部新梢叶片制造的碳氮营养优先向下部新梢分配,中间新梢截留的碳氮营养少,分别是下部新梢的69.84%和75.61%。无论哪种树形均以标记新梢上的葡萄果实获得的~(13)C和~(15)N分配比率较高,其他未标记的新梢上果实获得的~(13)C、~(15)N分配比率很低。综合来看,以标准一致的树形有利于碳氮营养的均衡分配。     

丰产期‘砂糖橘’落果规律及环割(剥)保果效果研究

2016—2017年,以丰产期‘砂糖橘’为试材,研究其落果觃律及环割(剥)对其生理落果、秋梢萌发与成花的影响。结果表明:丰产期‘砂糖橘’开花期在4月上旬,开花期间无落蕾、落花现象;第1次生理落果出现在4月21日至5月23日,历时33 d;第2次生理落果出现在5月16日至7月10日,历时56 d;第1次生理落果末期与第2次生理落果前期约有6 d重叠;第1次生理落果率在60%以上,第2次生理落果率在30%以上,自然坐果率5%左右。在2次生理落果即将开始前环割和环剥的坐果率与产量均极显著高于对照,其中环剥处理3和处理4坐果率偏高、结果量大、果实变小、秋梢萌发量少且弱、成花率低,不宜应用于成年树保果;在2次生理落果前各环割1次(处理1)可提高单果重、中果比率、商品果率、秋梢数量以及秋梢成花率,保果效果较佳。     

High frequency sexual polyploidisation observed in hexaploid Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki) ‘Fujiwaragosho’

Summary

We analysed ploidy levels in Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki) to investigate the possible occurrence of unreduced eggs in this fruit species. Among the five cultivars tested, ‘Fujiwaragosho’ produced a very high frequency of embryos whose ploidy levels were more than hexaploid. These embryos were mainly nonaploid or dodecaploid, while the ploidy levels of the endosperms of the seeds from which the embryos derived were mainly normal nonaploid. A few seeds contained octadecaploid endosperms with hexaploid, nonaploid or dodecaploid embryos. Octadecaploidy in the endosperm and dodecaploidy in the embryo, in a seed, indicated that the unreduced embryo sac might have been involved in the formation of seedlings, with ploidy variation in some cases. However, there was no such indication in most cases because the ploidy level of most endosperms was the normal nonaploid. These results suggest that several modifications, including incomplete meiosis of megaspore mother cells or extra mitotic divisions during embryo sac formation, may occur in ‘Fujiwaragosho’. The possible use of ‘Fujiwaragosho’ as a mother plant for sexual polyploidisation breeding in persimmon is discussed.     

小空间 大自然——玉山说小品之‘小红枫’酢浆草篇(四)

正(接第三期)《南山秋韵》张国军/作①后来又将《秋江帆影》移至长方形浅盆中,作成丛林式造型的作品,并在盆面点缀山石,铺青苔,营造出自然起伏的地貌形态;②中间的位置有些空缺,就摆了匹低头食草的马,以平衡画面,并题名《南山秋韵》,以表现"刀枪入库,马放南山"的太平景象。