AFIS和HVI棉花测试指标比对及应用分析

通过比对AFIS单纤维测试仪和HVI大容量棉纤维测试仪测试指标,介绍不同仪器的测试原理及其优势,深入分析2类仪器的长度指标及其适用性,阐述了马克隆值与成熟度、细度的区别,以利于仪器的推广应用及棉花纤维品质研究。     

农业部棉花品质监督检验测试中心

本中心于1990年首次通过国家计量认证和农业部机构审查认可,1996年、2001年和2006年又分别通过"双认证"复查验收,是棉花种子、纤维和纱线品质的部级专业质检机构.中心现有质检人员14名,技术力量雄厚, 中心主任王坤波研究员,常务副主任杨伟华研究员.拥有HVI大容量纤维测试仪、Uster纱线测试仪、全自动发芽箱等先进仪器设备50余台套,固定资产600万元,实验室与环境条件优良.具备按国家标准、国际标准和国外先进标准对棉花种子、纤维和纱线品质指标检测的能力.     

HVI大容量棉花测试仪排出样品处理装置的设计

针对HVI大容量棉花测试仪排出的样品处理难等问题，设计了1套自动化样品处理装置。该装置集样品自动输送、自动感应、自动压缩和自动装包等功能于一体，既可解决该类测试仪出棉通道容易堵塞的难题，又可降低劳动强度，提高工作效率和节省棉包存储空间。     

两种断裂比强度值换算关系的一点改进

HVI90 0大容量纤维测试仪是一种相对测试仪器 ,目前使用的校准棉样有两种 :美国农业部 HVI校准棉样 (简称 HVICC)、国际校准棉样 (简称ICC)。测试结果表明用 ICC校准的强度值低于用HVICC校准的强度值。余楠等 ( 1 998)通过分析德国不来梅国际纤维对比试验结果 (表 1 )给出了两者间的换算关系 :HVICC标准强度值≈ 1 .2 9× ICC标准强度值。这一换算关系的提出 ,有利于正确评价进口原棉与国产棉的品质差距 ,并确当估计当今的育种成果。余楠等 ( 1 998)提出的换算系数 1 .2 9是将表 1中 1 7个样品的 HVICC强度平均值与 ICC强度…     

HVI棉纤维大容量测试仪检测指标解析

目前,快速、自动化、大容量棉花测试仪器应首推Uster公司的HVI系统(HVI是棉纤维大容量测试仪英文名称HighVolume Inspection的缩写),该系统通过多台仪器联机对各项指标自动综合分析,能够全面判定试样性能并为生产工艺和后道产品品质预测提供有价值的信息,代表了当今世界棉花品质检验的最高水平和发展趋势。该仪器自80年代问世以来,至今已有近2000台套在世界各地广泛应用。其检验项目多、速度快、样本容量大和数据正确性高、客观性强的特点,使棉花质量检测手段从人工手感目测过渡为仪器检测。它由五个独立的基本组件组成,即长度/强力组件…     

新疆植棉区棉花断花管理的技术措施

根据新疆植棉区棉花集中成熟轻简高效栽培发展的需要,提出了人为控制促使棉花断花的管理技术措施.主要介绍了棉花断花概念及配套的水肥调控措施,同时剖析了该管理技术的依据、原理、指标、要求、内容和作用.为新疆棉花断花管理技术在生产中科学应用及进一步标准化提供依据与技术指导.     

新疆阿克苏地区棉花品质分析

为了更好地为纺纱厂产品生产、合理搭配原棉、稳定成纱质量提供依据，对阿克苏地区6个县（市）（沙雅县、新和县、温宿县、阿瓦提县、库车县、阿克苏市）共计304份棉花样品，利用HVI1000型大容量棉纤维测试仪、XJ129PRO棉结和短绒率测试仪测试纤维马克隆值、长度整齐度指数、断裂比强度、反射率、黄色深度、短纤维率等品质指标，并进行分析。结果表明，各县（市）棉纤维均表现良好，具有一定可纺性。总体来看，温宿县棉花品质指标具有一定优势，可纺性较优。     

常温下陆地棉品级实物标准颜色变异分析

为了探索白棉类标准样品颜色特征的变化规律,科学使用标准样品进行检测,同时提升标准样品利用率,尽量减轻棉花实验室负担,使用HVI大容量棉纤维测试仪定期对选定棉花标准样品进行颜色级测试,重点分析黄度和反射率的变化情况。结果表明：在实验室常温环境下,白棉类国际标准棉样颜色级变异较为缓慢,其中棉花黄度变异较明显,反射率变异较小。棉花标准样品的反射率和黄度与存储时间均表现出显著的相关性,在合适的保存环境下样品有效期可以适当延长。     

棉花封尖管理技术

根据新疆棉花集中成熟轻简高效栽培发展的需要,提出了棉花封尖管理技术。主要介绍了棉花封尖管理技术原理、指标、要求、内容、作用及配套的水肥调控措施,为封尖技术在棉花生产中科学应用及进一步标准化提供科学依据与技术指导。     

棉花封尖管理技术

根据新疆棉花集中成熟轻简高效栽培发展的需要,提出了棉花封尖管理技术。主要介绍了棉花封尖管理技术原理、指标、要求、内容、作用及配套的水肥调控措施,为封尖技术在棉花生产中科学应用及进一步标准化提供科学依据与技术指导。     

新疆北疆机采棉花铃期栽培管理及适宜气候条件分析

近年来,在全球气候不断变暖的大气候环境影响下,局部极端天气气候事件不断增加,这对新疆北疆棉花的栽培管理提出了更高的要求.通过研究发现,在棉花全生长发育期中,花铃期适宜的气候条件对提高产量和品质影响较大.分析北疆机采棉花铃期的生育特点和栽培管理技术,更加清晰地了解机采棉花铃期对适宜气候条件的具体要求,对提高机采棉的产量和...     

长江中下游地区棉花涝灾渍害预防及灾后管理技术

针对我国长江中下游地区因梅雨季节阴雨时间长、降水量大而集中常常引发涝灾和造成棉花渍害的现象,总结提出了一系列棉花防涝防渍及灾后田间管理技术措施与要求,以期为长江中下游地区棉农提供技术指导,促进当地棉花产业的发展和植棉效益的提高.     

水稻粳型亲籼系粳型性的判别

摘要：选择均匀分布于水稻12条染色体上的100个微卫星标记对6个籼型、6个粳型测验种和10个待测粳型亲籼系的DNA遗传多样性进行了分析,结果表明,测验种DNA在籼粳分布上存在明显差异,表现在其粳型判别值（Dj）的变异范围为0.12~0.87, 籼型测验种的Dj值均低于0.25,粳型测验种的Dj值均高于0.75, Dj值可以用于粳型亲籼系粳型性的判别。根据Dj值大小,待测粳型亲籼系G2416-3、G2417-2-1、G3004-4和G3005-4-2属于偏粳型,G2505-1和G2605属于粳型。     

A comparison of inbred line and F1 testers for evaluating sorghum experimental lines in testcrosses

Selecting an effective tester for evaluating the hybrid performance and heterosis of new inbred lines is crucial to ensure their accurate evaluation. Most sorghum breeding programs use at least two elite inbred line testers when evaluating new inbred lines. These testcrosses provide valuable information, but the specificity of inbred line testers may incorrectly characterize experimental lines that would combine well with other genetic backgrounds. Reducing this risk by increasing the number of preliminary testcrosses is limited in breeding programs by resource availability. Efficiently diversifying testcrosses may be accomplished through the use of F₁ testers. Testcrosses made with F₁ testers simultaneously evaluate inbred lines against two genetic backgrounds. In preliminary testcrosses, this may reduce the probability of incorrectly discarding new lines or improve the efficiency of preliminary testcrossing. The objective of this research was to compare two sorghum inbred line testers to their respective F₁ as a tester for evaluating sorghum inbred lines (R-lines) in testcrosses for grain yield. The testers used were A.Tx623, A.Tx2752 and their F₁ hybrid, A.Tx623/B.Tx2752. Data from testcross hybrids from 33 different inbred lines grown in three environments indicated that the F₁ tester was comparable in accuracy and discriminatory efficiency to the inbred line testers. The results indicated that a single cross tester in sorghum can serve to effectively evaluate new germplasm.     

新疆植棉区2019年棉花种业报告

通过对新疆植棉区2019年棉花生产和育种情况、种业情况的调研,阐述了2019年新疆棉花生产发展现状、品种审定推广情况、种业发展现状.从棉花品种"多乱杂"情况依然是棉花生产的主要问题、地方堡垒保护主义较严重、知识产权保护力度不够、市场监督与规范种子生产加工力度不够等方面分析了棉花生产中品种的困境;从机采棉种质资源匮乏、创...     

赣中地区油后直播棉绿色轻简栽培技术

近几年来,随着农村劳动力向城市转移和农业机械化的生产水平不断提高,油后直播棉成为棉花生产实现绿色轻简化栽培的重要方向。本文总结了油后直播的棉田要求、油后直播棉的生育特性,介绍了油后直播棉绿色轻简高效栽培技术重点,包括油菜秸秆全量还田、精量播种、合理密植、轻简化施肥、绿色防控等措施,为赣中地区油后直播棉绿色高产栽培提供技术支撑。     

水稻亚种间的亲和性研究

对160个亚种间F_1结实率的分析表明,籼稻 IR58和二九丰、粳稻秀水117和T8340具有较好的亚种间亲和性。43个粳稻品种分别与 IR58和二九丰测交,其成对 F_1的结实率随粳稻品种不同而出现 IR58/粳高于二九丰/粳、二九丰/粳高于 IR58/粳或两者相似的情形,其最大差值可达72.6个百分点。10个籼稻品种分别与秀水117和 T8340杂交,其F_1结实率均以秀水117/籼较高,成对F_1结实率的最大差值可达39.6个百分点。这表明不存在对亚种间品种均表现亲和性的“广亲和”品种,亲和性的广与狭只是相对的,既有一般亲和性,又有特殊亲和性。本研究发现4个受测品种的亲和性与色素基因之间不存在连锁或相关关系。     

Simulation of the effect of pruning and topping on cotton growth using COTTON2K model

COTTON2K, like most other cotton production models, does not always adequately represent local growth conditions owing to the fact that it fails to take into account some indigenous cultivation practices. For instance, pruning and topping, a common practice for cotton cultivation in China is not included in the model simulation of COTTON2K. The objective of this research therefore was to: (1) modify COTTON2K source code and slot pruning and topping simulation switch on to the model, and (2) calibrate and validate the modified COTTON2K model with field data from pruning and topping cultivation practice. First, field collected data in 2003 and 2004 were compared between the treatments, with and without pruning and topping, and the COTTON2K source code updated with the ‘pruning and topping’ switch. This was followed by the calibration and validation of the updated model with field data and simulation of the effect of pruning and topping on cotton performance. It was noted from field observations that pruning and topping reduced total fruit sites, but at the same time, increased retained boll number, possibly due to significant reductions in abscised fruit sites. Though total dry matter production dropped, more dry matter allocation to reproductive organs, however, enhanced higher cotton lint yield in the pruning and topping treatment. Results of the modified model simulation showed that growth in the number of main-stem node ceased after topping. Furthermore, there was more biomass allocation to reproductive organs, such as green and open bolls under pruning and topping. Coefficient of determination above 0.8 for most of the growth factors was obtained in the calibration and validation processes under pruning and topping, a strong indication of the level of success of the model modification.     

部分高油玉米自交系产量性状配合力分析

以来自中国农业大学的15份高油玉米自交系为被测系,以黑龙江省6个常用骨干自交系为测验种,采用NCII遗传交配设计,系统地比较分析15个高油玉米自交系产量性状的配合力。结果表明,高油玉米自交系BY812、BY815、GY798、GY237多数产量性状的GCA较高,就产量而言应视为优良自交系。高油系GY302、GY923、GY1007多数产量性状的GCA较低,用这些自交系做亲本,选育高产组合的概率不大。大多数高油系与81162、444间的单株产量总配合力效应值为正值,而与434、红玉米间的总配合力效应值多为负值,说明多数高油系的适宜的组配方向为Reid系统和唐四平头系统。高油系BY832、BY815与6个测验种间的总配合力效应值均为正值．是黑龙江省今后需重点应用的高油系。而GY302、GY462、GY923、BY807与6个测验种间的总配合力效应值均为负值,在黑龙江省难以组配优良杂交种,需进一步探索其杂优模式。     

Superhydrophobic and Antibacterial Properties of Cotton Fabrics Treated with PVDF and nano-ZnO through Phase Inversion Process

Cotton fabrics exhibiting superhydrophobic and antibacterial properties were prepared through a non-solvent induced phase separation method using hydrophobic poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its hybrids with photocatalytic zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) as surface modifying agents for cotton fabric. The effects of coagulating medium and temperature on microstructural morphology and surface hydrophobictity of the cotton fabrics were investigated by FE-SEM observation and contact angle measurement. Superhydrophobic cotton fabrics exhibiting water contact angle higher than 150 ° could be obtained by coating the fabrics with solutions of PVDF and nano-ZnO followed by coagulation in ethanol as non-solvent. This phenomenon is considered to be originated from both chemically hydrophobic PVDF layer and physical micro- and nano-bumps formed on the surface of cotton fabric, which are essential requirements for Lotus effect. Moreover, antibacterial properties could be synergistically obtained by utilizing photocatalytic effect of nano-ZnO.