我国农业科技类期刊单篇论文被引用情况调查

以中国知网中国学术期刊总库为统计源,调查了农业科技栏目中582种农业科技期刊2003-2007年间刊登的641 587篇论文的被引频次,了解中国农业科技类期刊发表论文总体学术水平.结果表明:2003——2007年间被引用频次超过50次的文章共229篇,占0.038%,而未被引用的期刊占68.93%.刊登高被引频次(被引频次在30次及以上)论文较多的期刊多为中国科学院、中国科学技术协会、农业部主管,中国行业协会主办的期刊.生态学方面论文引用频次较高.被引频次较高论文作者集中在高校,地方科研单位较少,数量最多的是中国科学院.     

应用牧猫理论实践信息资源推广与服务

应用牧猫理论指出学会只有因势利导,顺应现状,目标坚定地实施＂工作渐变＂,才能有效开展工作。目前,学会拥有众多会员和会员单位,已形成社会不可忽视的力量。随着我国民间学会团体的壮大,如何在国家和谐发展大形势下,依托民间学会团体力量,为广大会员及会员单位,实现信息资源推广与服务是一个值得思考和研究的问题。     

持续农业系统动态评价模型的分析与探讨

从系统学的角度分析与探讨了农业可持续发展问题。首先简要阐述了ＡＳＤ的基本概念和内涵；其次建立ＡＳＤ系统的动态评价指标体系；再次给出了ＡＤＳ评价指标体系的模型构建步骤结论分析认为：本文提出的动态模型将为农业可持续发展问题的更为精确的量化研究提供一个基本方法框架。     

青杨派树种雌蕊柱头可授性及最佳授粉时期

为提高青杨派树种有性杂交和多倍体诱导效率,以小青杨、小叶杨和哲引3号杨等青杨派树种及杂种为材料,用过氧化物酶试纸溶液测试结合授粉观察的方法对其雌蕊柱头可授性及最佳授粉时期进行了研究。结果表明: 在温室水培条件下,青杨派树种花序可授期持续4～5 d; 花序不同部位雌蕊柱头获得可授性的时间不同,基部雌蕊柱头最早获得可授性,而顶部雌蕊柱头获得可授性最晚; 过氧化物酶试纸溶液在具有可授性的柱头表面呈现蓝色阳性反应,在育种实践中,可以应用过氧化物酶试纸溶液快速、有效地对青杨派树种雌蕊柱头可授性进行检测; 3种青杨派树种雌花序柱头最佳授粉期为花序顶部露出芽鳞84～96 h,以此为参照点,对于适时施加理化处理诱导胚囊染色体加倍选育青杨三倍体等工作具有重要的指导价值。      

利用trnL—F序列分析杨属树种的系统发育关系

对杨属4个派17个主要栽培树种及杂种共26个雌雄单株进行了叶绿体trnL-F间隔区序列的PCR扩增、回收和纯化,并分别克隆到pGEM-T载体中进行序列测定。结果表明:在杨树中基因trnL-F间隔区序列的长度为771～811bp,G+C含量为30.6%～31.9%;排序后的比对长度为857个位点,其中46个为变异位点,33个为系统发育的信息位点。以嵩柳和极地柳为外类群,分别用邻接法和UPGMA方法构建了杨属主要栽培树种的系统发育进化树。系统进化分析显示:1)白杨派能聚类形成一个单独分支,而黑杨派亚支与青杨、胡杨派亚支聚类形成另外一个主要的分支,其中胡杨派和青杨派不能区分开;2)青杨派的藏川杨独立于杨属其他种形成一个单独分支,而冬瓜杨却与白杨派聚类在一起;3)白杨派为单系起源,黑杨派和青杨派为多系起源,胡杨派可能也是多系起源。研究结果在分子水平上为杨属树种的起源和系统进化研究提供了证据,具有重要的理论意义和潜在的实践价值。     

我国青杨派杨树基因资源及其遗传育种研究进展

青杨派是我国杨属中最大的一个派,共34个种,21个变种和4个变型,分布最为广泛.本文介绍了我国青杨派杨树基因资源概况,综述了青杨派杨树遗传育种研究现状,展望了青杨派杨树基因资源开发和利用前景.     

Nematology Research in Europe

 Nematology started in Europe at the end of the last century.In Belgium and the Netherlands for example the first nematological paper(in Dutch) appeared in 1876.It was prepared by de Man and dealt with soil nematodes.Nematology gradually increased in importance.This lead to the establish-ment of the European Society of Nematologists in 1953.Since then, ESN has arranged a symposium every two years with an increasing number of participants.During the last meeting in Dundee, this number exceeded 450.The Society distributes a membership directory and keeps contact with the members through 'Nematology News'.This newspaper reports on the events in the nematology labs and issued twice a year.     

Protein crystal growth in microgravity

The crystals of most proteins or other biological macromolecules are poorly ordered and diffract to lower resolutions than those observed for most crystals of simple organic and inorganic compounds. Crystallization in the microgravity environment of space may improve crystal quality by eliminating convection effects near growing crystal surfaces. A series of 11 different protein crystal growth experiments was performed on U.S. space shuttle flight STS-26 in September 1988. The microgravity-grown crystals of gamma-interferon D1, porcine elastase, and isocitrate lyase are larger, display more uniform morphologies, and yield diffraction data to significantly higher resolutions than the best crystals of these proteins grown on Earth.     

Comparison of QuickBird Satellite Imagery and Airborne Imagery for Mapping Grain Sorghum Yield Patterns

Timely and accurate information on crop conditions obtained during the growing season is of vital importance for crop management. High spatial resolution satellite imagery has the potential for mapping crop growth variability and identifying problem areas within fields. The objectives of this study were to use QuickBird satellite imagery for mapping plant growth and yield patterns within grain sorghum fields as compared with airborne multispectral image data. A QuickBird 2.8-m four-band image covering a cropping area in south Texas, USA was acquired in the 2003 growing season. Airborne three-band imagery with submeter resolution was also collected from two grain sorghum fields within the satellite scene. Yield monitor data collected from the two fields were resampled to match the resolutions of the airborne imagery and the satellite imagery. The airborne imagery was related to yield at original submeter, 2.8 and 8.4 m resolutions and the QuickBird imagery was related to yield at 2.8 and 8.4 m resolutions. The extracted QuickBird images for the two fields were then classified into multiple zones using unsupervised classification and mean yields among the zones were compared. Results showed that grain yield was significantly related to both types of image data and that the QuickBird imagery had similar correlations with grain yield as compared with the airborne imagery at the 2.8 and 8.4 m resolutions. Moreover, the unsupervised classification maps effectively differentiated grain production levels among the zones. These results indicate that high spatial resolution satellite imagery can be a useful data source for determining plant growth and yield patterns for within-field crop management.     

浅析广告写作语言特色

从人们对广告的逆反心理出发,探讨广告的创意在写作语言方面的体现,包括广告语言语体色彩的运用(词语表现手段、语法手段、修辞手段、语言的音韵美的特点)及广告语言的专属性特点.同时指出应力戒广告写作中的弊端,以达到广告写作内容与形式和谐完美的统一.     

RESEARCH AND THERAPEUTICS

Progressive therapeutics depends on research, but at the same time it is a marked stimulant for promoting research. Through research will come much of the post-war advancement which may occur in medicine and allied sciences, drug manufacturing and educational centers. Success and survival will depend not only on cooperation, leadership and a shrewd business sense but on an adequate appreciation of opportunities, limitations and the value of fostering research by providing grants and fellowships. Much material assistance can be provided with mutual gain for all participants when such fellowships are established. This gain may extend past current problems into lifelong associations. If the manufacturer recognizes his opportunities and obligations and forges ahead to challenge or accept them instead of remaining on the defensive, there will be less likelihood of being fettered by purblind policies. Each one interested in research and therapeutics has responsibilities peculiar to himself, but there are few, regardless of occupation, who, at the completion of a job well done, does not feel as Pasteur, who said of the researcher: It is indeed a hard task when you believe you have found an important scientific fact and are feverishly anxious to publish it, to constrain yourself for days, weeks, years sometimes, to fight with yourself, to try to ruin your own experiments and only to proclaim your discovery after having exhausted all contrary hypotheses. But when, after so many efforts, you have at last arrived at certainty, your joy is one of the greatest which can be felt by a human soul, and the thought that you will have contributed to the honor of your country renders that joy still deeper.     

中国苹果属植物小孢子减数分裂染色体系统研究

对中国苹果属３组５系１８种２２个类型不同倍性小孢子减数分裂染色体的系统研究表明，在１４个二倍体中，隶属真苹果组的８个种：山荆子、丽江山荆子、锡金海棠、垂丝海棠、苹果、花红、西府海棠和楸子为单价体，二价体联合构型；隶属花楸苹果组陇东海棠系的３个种：陇东海棠、变叶海棠、花叶海棠为单价体、二价体和四价体构型一；隶花楸苹果组滇池海棠系的２个种；河南海棠和沧江海棠与隶属海棠组的尖嘴林檎仅呈现二阶体构型。６个     

山茶属植物油茶组与金花茶组的分子分类

以山茶属5种油茶组植物和20种金花茶组植物的叶片为材料抽提DNA．利用筛选出的16种多态性随机引物进行PCR扩增，将扩增出来的多态型谱带转化为0-1数据，利用0-1型数据聚类软件进行RAPD聚类分析．将5种油茶组植物分为3大类．20种金花茶组植物分为4大类，分类结果与张宏达分类系统大致相同．并对差异很小的一些物种提出了合并建议。     

组织公平视角下农民专业合作社成员满意度研究——基于云南省的农户调研数据

成员满意度是衡量农民专业合作社发展好坏的重要指标。研究组织公平对合作社成员满意度的影响,可为合作社内部制度规范化提供决策依据。本文以云南省为例,利用合作社成员样本调研数据,运用Oprobit模型和中介效应模型,分析组织公平对合作社成员满意度的影响,并探讨其作用机制和异质性。结果表明,35.51%的合作社成员感到比较满意或非常满意,合作社成员整体满意度仍有较大提升空间。核心成员感到满意的比例高于非核心成员,示范社成员感到满意的比例高于非示范社成员。组织公平有助于提升合作社成员的满意度。从作用机制来看,组织公平通过组织认同和信任正向影响成员满意度。进一步的异质性分析表明,组织公平能够显著提升合作社非核心成员满意度,但对核心成员满意度的影响不显著;组织公平对非示范社成员满意度的影响显著高于示范社成员。因此,为进一步提升合作社成员满意度,提出完善合作社制度建设,鼓励成员参与内部事务,规范合作社发展,加强成员交流沟通,增强示范社带动能力等对策建议。     

Budget and the National Cancer Program

The budget picture for the NCI is presented for your information and evaluation-evaluation in the sense that I need and would appreciate your comments. A major issue of course is balance, in terms of clinic versus laboratory; short-term versus long-term; academic versus commercial; targeted versus nontargeted; grants versus contracts versus intramural; national versus international, and the like. It must be recognized that within a program of this emotion, visibility, and importance scientific findings and other considerations will dictate changes on at least a monthly basis. Things other than science contribute to this balance. On any given day we live within the impact of at least three budget years (what we received and did last year, what we will receive and do this year, and what this will allow us to receive and do next year). The federal budgetary process as well as the priority-setting processes of science are such that new directions cannot be taken as qulickly as woLld be optimal. Priorities muLst be set in cancer at least in their broad sense; for in addition to other areas of biomedical research, there are other compelling demands for the limited federal dollar. There will never be enouLgh resources to do all that can be done or needs to be done in cancer research. That probably is as it should be. In this regard it is heartening that operating funds for the institutes at NIH other than NCI will increase by $264 million in 1974. It is as true that information from research in other disciplines and categorical diseases will provide leads to cancer, as well as the reverse. And certainly, virtually no one wants to see resources for cancer increased at the expense of other important tasks and opportunities. This article is not an attempt to justify or to defend the spending plan of the National Cancer Program. It is to let youL know what's going on and to seek further advice on how to do it better. Articles on other aspects of the program will be published in journals including Science, Cancer Research, and the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.     

Food miles, local eating, and community supported agriculture: putting local food in its place

The idea of “food miles,” the distance that food has to be shipped, has entered into debates in both popular and academic circles about local eating. An oft-cited figure claims that the “average item” of food travels 1,500 miles before it reaches your plate. The source of this figure is almost never given, however, and indeed, it is a figure with surprisingly little grounding in objective research. In this study, I track the evolution of this figure, and the ways that scholars and popular writers have rhetorically employed it. I then explore the ongoing debates over food miles and local food, debates that often oversimplify the idea of local eating to a caricature. I then examine a series of in-depth interviews with community-supported agriculture members and farmers in order to bring complexity back to discussions of local food consumers. I argue that the overwhelming focus on “food miles” among scholars threatens to eclipse the multitude of other values and meanings contained in the word “local” that underlie people’s decisions to “eat locally,” foremost among them, a desire to reintegrate food production and consumption within the context of place.     

社会距离对不公平行为回应的影响

两个实验在群体层面探讨了奖励和债务领域社会距离(内群体/外群体)对不公平行为回应的影响.实验1采用标准最后通牒游戏范式,发现在奖励领域,个体对内群体成员不公平行为的接受程度比对外群体成员的接受程度更高.实验2使用改编的最后通牒游戏范式,结果表明在债务领域,个体对内群体成员不公平行为的接受程度也比对外群体成员的接受程度更高,且对内群体成员不公平行为的满意度比对外群体更高.该研究表明,即使内群体成员违反公平规则,个体还是会表现出内群体偏好.     

SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY: Look Before You Leap

For those considering a soft-money position, either as a temporary or permanent career move, researchers and administrators advise going in with your eyes wide open and well informed about the specifics of your situation. Science offers some of their suggestions.     

刨花与刨花板性能关系的研究现状

简要叙述了影响刨花板质量的因素，回顾了国内外关于刨花与刨花板性能关系的研究现状，以及通过刨花改性或处理提高刨花板性能方面的研究。认为通过刨花改性提高刨花板的性能是一种有效的途径。