GGE叠图法—分析品种×环境互作模式的理想方法

本文介绍一种分析作物区域试验结果的方法—GGE叠图法。首先,将原始产量数据减去各地点的平均产量,由此形成的数据集只含品种主效应G和品种-环境互作效应GE,合称为GGE。对GGE作单值分解,并以第一和第二主成分近似之。按照第一和第二主成分值将各品种和各地点放到一个平面图上即形成GGE叠图。借助于辅助线,可以直观回答以     

盐胁迫条件下旱作面包小麦品种的基因型×环境互作

本研究的目的是鉴定１５个印度旱作小麦品种在不同盐胁迫环境下，即两个盐浓度水平、两个碱度水平和一个正常水平下基因型与环境互作效应和稳定性。结果表明籽粒产量、每穗粒数、千粒重和单株成穗数存在高度的线性互作。品种Ｈｙ－ｂｒｉｄ６５和ＰＢＷ６５证明在参试的各个环境中具有高的产量和稳定性。Ｈｙｂｒｉｄ６５也表现出较高的和稳定的每穗粒数和粒重的特性。     

冬小麦产量的基因型×环境互作效应分析

应用Ｅｂｅｒｈａｒｔ和Ｒｕｓｅｌ的模式和Ｔａｉ的模式分析了黄淮北片水地高肥组１９９０～１９９１年区域试验中１３个小麦品种的基因型×环境互作效应，结果表明，Ｅｂｅｒｈａｒｔ和Ｒｕｓｓｅｌ模式中，ｂｉ对品种稳定性的评价较为笼统，而Ｔａｉ的基因型×环境互作效应的分解，对新品种的推广和利用提供了更多、更精确的信息，用此方法分析区域试验的数据有助于更精确地评价品种，使其得到合理的推广和利用，同时在栽培管理方法上可以提供科学依据     

小麦产量的基因型×环境互作效应分析

品种稳定性取决于品种的基因型×环境互作,互作越大品种越不稳定。自Mooers(1921)用线性回归分析GE(品种×环境)互作,30年代Immer(1934)等,又首次用联合方差分析法,分析作物品种区域试验品种适应性以来,作物GE互作问题,是评价品种在不同环境条件下适应性的中心,1936年Finlay等引用回归系数(bi)     

浙江省早籼稻蒸煮品质的品种、地点、品种×地点互作效应研究

以浙江省1995年早籼稻品种区域试验6个试点参试品种蒸煮品质测定结果为材料,用多元分析法探讨了糊化温度、胶稠度、直链淀粉含量3个蒸煮品质的品种（基因型）效应、地点效应、品种×地点互作和蒸煮品质间的相关关系,剖析了各效应的相对重要性。分析结果表明,蒸煮品质的3个性状均以品种效应为主,而且依次以直链淀粉含量的品种间变异最大,胶稠度次之,糊化温度最小;环境对糊化温度有较大影响。相关分析显示,蒸煮品质间有相关关系,且完全来自遗传（品种）效应。     

大豆产量及主要农艺性状QTL的上位性互作和环境互作分析

以栽培大豆晋豆23为母本,半野生大豆灰布支黑豆ZDD2315为父本杂交衍生的F2:15和F2:16的447个RIL家系为遗传群体,绘制SSR遗传图谱,采用混合线性模型方法,对2年大豆小区产量及主要农艺性状进行加性QTL、加性×加性上位互作及环境互作分析。结果检测到9个与小区产量、茎粗、有效分枝、主茎节数、株高、结荚高度相关的QTL,分别位于J_2、I、M连锁群上,其中小区产量、茎粗、株高、有效分枝和主茎节数QTL的加性效应为正值,说明增加这些性状的等位基因来源于母本晋豆23。同时,检测到7对影响小区产量、茎粗、株高和结荚高度的加性×加性上位互作效应及环境互作效应的QTL,共发现14个与环境存在互作的QTL。上位效应和QE互作效应对大豆小区产量及主要农艺性状的遗传影响较大。大豆分子标记辅助育种中,既要考虑起主要作用的QTL,又要注重上位性QTL,才有利于性状的稳定表达和遗传。     

水稻抽穗期基因定位及其环境互作研究

为构建SSR分子标记技术构建其遗传图谱,利用由小穗小粒型品种‘密阳46’和大穗大粒型品种FJCD建立的一个包含130个家系F10的重组自交系群体,测定武夷山和莆田环境下水稻群体的抽穗期,并进行了QTL的定位及环境互作研究。结果表明,在武夷山环境下仅检测到一个与抽穗期相关的加性QTL,位于6号染色体上,解释了25.63%;1个位点存在显著的加性×环境互作效应,而GE互作效应对表型变异贡献几乎为0,表明控制水稻抽穗期基因的表达有显著的环境特异性。     

浙江省早籼稻蒸煮品质的品种、地点、品种×地点互作效应研究

以浙江省1995年早籼稻品种区域试验6个试点参试品种蒸煮品质测定结果为材料,用多元分析法探讨了糊化温度、胶稠度、直链淀粉含量3个蒸煮品质的品种(基因型)效应、地点效应、品种×地点互作和蒸煮品质间的相关关系,剖析了各效应的相对重要性。分析结果表明,蒸煮品质的3个性状均以品种效应为主,而且依次以直链淀粉含量的品     

应用GGE双标图分析我国春小麦的淀粉峰值粘度

将原始数据减去各试点均值后形成的数据集中只含基因型主效G和基因型与环境互作效应GE, 合称GGE. 对GGE做单值分解, 以第一和第二主成分近似, 按第一和第二主成分值将所有品种和试点绘于同一平面图即形成GGE双标图. 以其分析我国春麦区10个试点20个品种淀粉糊化特性的峰值粘度, 结果表明铁春1号在大部分试点峰值粘度表现较好,     

玉米叶片叶绿素含量遗传主效应及其与环境互作的遗传分析

采用朱军包括基因型×环境互作效应的加性-显性-母体效应遗传模型(ADM模型)分析方法,研究了不同环境条件下玉米吐丝期叶片叶绿素含量性状的遗传主效应及其与环境互作效应。结果表明,玉米叶片叶绿素含量的遗传表现除了受制于基因的加性效应、显性效应及母体效应等遗传主效应外,还会明显受到遗传主效应与环境互作效应的影响。遗传主效应中以显性效应(VD)为主,加性效应(VA)次之。互作效应中以显性效应×环境互作效应(VDE)为主,其次为母体效应×环境互作效应(VME)。叶片叶绿素含量性状在早代不同环境中选择均具有一定的成效。在遗传育种中需要注意各种基因效应在不同环境中的差异,根据各亲本的遗传效应预测值,选用遗传主效应表现良好以及在不同环境下互作效应表现较为稳定的优良亲本组配杂交组合,育成适应不同地区或某一特定地区的新品种,提高选择效果。     

Genotype × Environment Interaction for Nitrate Concentration in Lettuce

High nitrate concentration is a problem when lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is grown under low light intensities. Genotypes with low nitrate concentrations have been identified and are being used in breeding programmes. Previous results indicated the occurrence of genotype × environment (GE) interactions. Because of the important influence of light intensity on nitrate accumulation, two types of interactions may be expected: interactions related to daily variation, and those related to annual variation. In the present investigation both types were investigated using eight butterhead genotypes of lettuce which were repeatedly harvested. No daily variation in nitrate concentration and no corresponding GE-interactions were found, irrespective of the level of global radiation. In contrast, a large annual variation and important corresponding GE-interactions were found. Joint regression analysis on environmental means and on physical factors related to light intensity showed a differential response of genotypes to changing environmental conditions. Multiple joint regression on daylength and change in daylength accounted for two-thirds of the interaction variance. However, deviations from regression were still significant indicating non-linearity of the relationship, or, the existence of other environmental factors contributing to GE-interaction.     

不同发育时期玉米叶片保绿度遗传主效应及其与环境互作效应分析

采用包括基因型×环境互作效应的加性-显性遗传模型及非条件和条件的分析方法,研究多环境下玉米吐丝后不同发育时期叶片保绿度性状的遗传主效应及其与环境互作效应。结果表明:非条件遗传分析表明控制玉米叶片保绿度在发育不同时期的各遗传效应均受到环境条件的影响并存在着表达水平上的差异;条件遗传方差分量分析表明,控制玉米吐丝后不同时期叶片保绿度表现的净遗传效应在各个发育时期均有新的不同程度的表达,对玉米由抽丝期到成熟期发育进程基因表达净效应的选择越来越受到环境条件的影响。     

基因型和环境对玉米籽粒粗蛋白及赖氨酸含量的影响

以河南省生产上主要推广的15个玉米品种为材料,于2004-2005年在8个不同的环境条件下进行了2年多点试验,研究基因型和环境对玉米粗蛋白和赖氨酸含量的影响。结果表明:基因型、环境以及基因型与环境的互作效应对玉米粗蛋白和赖氨酸含量均有显著影响,独立效应大于互作效应,在独立效应中,基因型效应大于环境效应;HE-1、HE-2、豫单101和豫单2002粗蛋白含量高于11%,赖氨酸含量高于0.35%,是较理想的高蛋白、高赖氨酸优质专用的玉米品种;郑州、南阳和洛阳比较适宜种植高蛋白、高赖氨酸优质专用玉米。     

Contribution of Weather Variables to Genotype X Environment Interaction in Grain Sorghum1

Genotype × environment (GE) interactions are a major problem in plant breeding programs that involve testing in diverse environments. These interactions can reduce progress from selection. Few studies have characterized the effects of weather variables on GE interactions in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench). The present investigation estimated the contribution of environmental index, (?, or mean yield of all cultivars in jth environment minus ?. xor overall mean yield for all cultivars and all environments), rainfall, minimum and maximum temperature, and relative humidity, to GE interaction. Yield means of 5 full-season and 10 medium-season grain sorghum hybrids grown during 1986—1988 at four locations were used in the study. The GE interaction was significant and partitioned into σ²_i, components assignable to each genotype. Weather variables (covariates) were used to remove heterogeneity from the GE interaction. The remainder of the GE interaction variance was partitioned into variance components (s²_i) assignable to each genotype. In both maturity groups, the environmental index removed most, although non-significant, heterogeneity from the GE interaction sums of squares. Of all weather variables, preseason and seasonal rainfall contributed most to the GE interaction sums of squares.     

Genotype × Environment Interaction in the Andean Grain Crop Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) in Temperate Environments

Ten varieties of quinoa with origins ranging from latitude 39° S to 12° S and from sea level to an altitude of 3,800 m were grown on two soil types in two years in Cambridgeshire, England, in order to assess the extent and nature of genotype × environment (G × E) interactions and identify genotypes suited for cultivation at temperate latitudes. There was evidence that varieties differed in their susceptibility to water logging during germination. Plant height was strongly influenced by competition with weeds, and varieties differed in their susceptibility to this. The number of days to anthesis and to maturity were strongly dependent on the variety, but these periods were generally longer following an earlier sowing. The grain yield was also strongly dependent on the variety, but weed competition, a micronutrient deficiency and bird damage affected the varieties differently. Varieties originating at high latitudes gave the highest yields, about 5,000 kg/ha. Earliness and yield were strongly associated at the level of variety means, but the pattern of G × E interaction differed among the variables measured.     

Genotype by environment interaction of tomato blossom-end scar size

Summary Large blossom-end scar is a disorder in tomato fruit which reduces its marketability. The disorder is affected by genotype and by several environmental factors and therefore the genotype by environment interaction was studied by stability analysis. Blossom-end scar size was recorded for 4 tomato cultivars grown in 6 fields. The blossom-end scar size (BSC) was affected by the genotype, the field and their interaction. Stability analysis revealed that most of the interaction resulted from different stability of the cultivars. Heterogeneity of the slopes was significant (P<0.0013). The stability slopes were 0.29, 0.74, 1.11 and 1.85 for BR-214, FA-38, Hayslip and Suncoast, respectively. The stability slopes seemed to associate with the means of the cultivars over all environments, which were 1.57, 2.92, 3.84 and 5.43, respectively. Analysis of a blossom-end scar index (BSI), which also takes fruit size into account, revealed stability similar to BSC. It was concluded, that selection for small BSC under most conditions would yield cultivars with small and stable BSC under most growing environments, however differences between genotypes in non-inducing environments are expected to be small.     

Genotype × Environment Interacion in multi-environment Trials using shrinkage factors for ammi models

Shrinkage factors applied to the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) models improve prediction of cultivar responses in multi-environment trials (MET). Estimates of shrinkage factors based on the eigenvalue partition (EVP) method may get a further improvement in the predictions of cell means. Objectives of this work were: (1) to compare the EVP-based shrinkage method with unshrunken AMMI, best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP) and other shrunken method (herein named CCC), when they were applied to five maize MET and simulation data; (2) to assess by cross validation the equation which estimates the standard error of predicted means (SEPM) based on the EVP theory; (3) to estimate the genotype × environment interaction (GEI) variance components after applying the EVP shrinkage method to the five maize MET. Empirical data of five maize MET and simulation data were used for cross validation of the methods using the root mean square predictive difference (RMSPD) criterion. The RMSPD of the shrunken EVP predicted cell means was generally smaller than those of the other methods, suggesting that the EVP method was generally better predictor than the other methods. The truncated AMMI was the worst among the four methods studied. The EVP-based equation, which predicts the SEPM, was a good predictor as determined by the RMSPD cross validation criterion, with the advantage that it does not need one replication for validation. Estimates of mean squares, and GEI and error variances associated with the GEI effects were smaller for the shrunken EVP predicted effects than for the original data. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.