塑料薄膜和箱式气调对巨峰葡萄贮藏品质和采后生理影响的研究

研究了低温(0±0.5℃)贮藏期间巨峰葡萄在塑料薄膜和箱式自发气调过程中的品质和生理的变化。结果表明,与箱式气调相比,塑料薄膜气调能够形成比较稳定的适宜葡萄贮藏的气体环境(CO2浓度4%左右),可有效地延缓可滴定酸(TA)及抗坏血酸(VC)含量的下降和醇糖比的升高,抑制PG活性及原果胶的分解,较好地保持了葡萄果实的硬度和咀嚼性,提高葡萄的耐贮性,维持采后良好的商品性。其中聚氯乙烯膜(PVC,厚度0.06 mm)的贮藏效果好于聚乙烯膜(PE,厚度0.03 mm);而箱式气调会形成较高浓度的CO2气体环境,引起葡萄高CO2气体伤害,导致果实失水、脱粒、酒化和褐变,不利于葡萄的长期贮藏。     

葡萄采后生理研究进展

从呼吸作用、激素调节、褐变机理、脱粒机理、低温贮藏、气调贮藏、辐射贮藏、钙处理和化学防腐剂9个方面分别论述了近年来国内外葡萄采后生理研究的进展.     

水果气调贮藏保鲜研究进展

气调贮藏作为一种有效的水果采后保鲜技术得到广泛的研究,商业化应用成效显著。本文对近年来水果气调贮藏的适宜参数、气调贮藏对水果采后品质、生理及腐败微生物的影响及简易气调贮藏的发展现状和气调贮藏前水果预处理方法的研究进展进行了综述,并指出气调贮藏保鲜技术的发展方向和需要深入研究与探讨的问题。     

我国气调贮藏技术的研究现状及展望

综述了气调贮藏的优缺点、对贮藏产品品质和生理状况的影响以及气调贮藏方法的研究进展;总结了气调贮藏研究开发利用中存在的问题,明确了气调贮藏的广阔发展前景。     

硅窗气调包装与普通气调包装对茶树菇贮藏品质的影响

为了提高茶树菇的贮藏品质,通过采用硅窗气调包装与普通气调包装对茶树菇进行贮藏,研究硅窗气调包装与普通气调包装的茶树菇总糖含量、原果胶含量、可溶性果胶含量、蛋白质含量及总氨基酸含量、游离氨基酸含量和粗纤维含量的变化情况。结果表明：与普通气调包装相比,硅窗气调包装贮藏的茶树菇总糖含量、原果胶含量、蛋白质含量及总氨基酸含量下降较慢,而粗纤维含量、可溶性果胶含量及游离氨基酸含量增加较少。由此得出,硅窗气调包装是一种贮藏茶树菇比较好的方法,用这一方法贮藏的茶树菇保持了较多的糖类和蛋白质,保持了较好的口感和相应的脆度,具有更好的贮藏品质。     

不同保鲜方法对新疆木纳格葡萄贮藏效果的影响

以新疆木纳格葡萄为试材,研究和田地区常规贮藏方法(悬挂式贮藏和纸箱包装冷藏)和自发气调(MA)贮藏方法(PVC或PE膜包装+保鲜剂冷藏)的保鲜效果。结果表明,采后木纳格葡萄采用PVC或PE保鲜包装+保鲜剂冷藏,能够有效抑制果实贮藏期间可溶性固形物和水分含量的下降,保持果梗的绿色,显著抑制腐烂与脱粒现象的发生,在(0±0.5)℃条件下,贮藏90 d的好果率可达95%左右,脱粒率<6%,保鲜效果极显著(P<0.01)好于和田地区的常规贮藏方法。     

果蔬气调贮藏库气密性探讨

果蔬气调贮藏保鲜工艺与成套设备研制,是四川省农机研究院在四川省2001年重点科研攻关招标中的中标项目,已于2003年7月在四川省科技厅组织下通过科研成果鉴定。果蔬气调保鲜,是当今世界上最先进的果蔬气调贮藏方法,不但保鲜效果好,而且贮藏期比普通冷藏延长2倍~3倍。所谓气调保鲜,就是在冷藏的基础上同时控制贮藏环境及水果蔬菜之密闭空间的气体成分,从而达到抑制果蔬呼吸强度,延长其贮藏保鲜期的一种贮藏方式。果蔬气调贮藏保鲜研究的重点是气调工艺,而气调介质尤其是气密性的选择又是保证气调工况的关键。1.气调介质的选择气调介质是指在…     

果蔬气调贮藏研究与应用进展

阐述了果蔬气调贮藏的发展历史,对果蔬采后生理的影响与主要方式的研究概况及进展进行了报道。对机械气调库的主要设备、MA包装的建立方法与研究应用重点进行了总结,指出了果蔬气调贮藏的发展方向。     

树莓气调贮藏研究初报

研究了气调指标对树莓果实贮藏效果的影响。试验结果表明,树莓果实最佳气调贮藏条件为CO2≤10％,O2≥5％,在上述气调环境条件下,贮藏20天后树莓果实仍可保持较好的品质质量。     

超低氧气调贮藏技术

1超低氧（Ultra Low Oxygen）气调的定义 超低氧（Ultra Low Oxygen）气调属于控制气调（Controlled Atmosphere）,是指将贮藏环境中O2浓度降至2%甚至更低的气调贮藏方法。随着气调贮藏的推广和普及,超低氧（ULO）气调已经成为新的研究和应用热点。     

Effect of continuous 0.3 μL/L gaseous ozone exposure on fungicide residues on table grape berries

The persistence of residues of some fungicides, commonly applied in table grape vineyards to reduce bunch rot, was investigated during the cold storage of ‘Thompson Seedless’ table grape stemmed berries in atmospheres of air or 0.3 μL/L ozone enriched air. Grape berries were sprayed with a mixture of boscalid, iprodione, fenhexamid, cyprodinil, and pyrimethanil solutions, dried in air for 24 h, and packed in plastic clamshell containers in expanded polystyrene boxes. The boxes were stored either in ozone or in ambient air atmosphere (2 °C, 95% RH) for 36 d. Residue analyses were done initially and at 12-d intervals using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Residues of boscalid, iprodione, fenhexamid, and pyrimethanil declined during storage in air, but cyprodinil residues did not change significantly during 36-d storage. Storage in the ozone atmosphere markedly accelerated the rates of decline of fenhexamid, cyprodinil, and pyrimethanil, but not those of boscalid or iprodione. At the end of storage, degradation of fenhexamid, cyprodinil, or pyrimethanil was 1.6-, 2.8-, or 3.6-fold higher, respectively, in the ozone atmosphere compared that in air. Despite their structural similarity, pyrimethanil declined more rapidly in an ozone atmosphere than cyprodinil. Fenhexamid declined in both air and ozone more rapidly than the other fungicides; at the end of storage period, only 59.2% or 35.5% of the initial residue remained after air or ozone storage, respectively. Our results have shown that gaseous ozone treatment during storage has a great potential for degrading contemporary fungicides related to table grape production.     

鲜食葡萄保鲜潜力表达关键影响因素和控制技术解析及其贮藏期潜力预警

本文对鲜食葡萄保鲜潜力表达的关键影响因素和控制技术进行了解析并对贮藏期进行了预警,包括:葡萄保鲜潜力表达质量形成影响因素及其入贮质量控制技术,果实保鲜潜力表达水分影响因素及其控制技术,葡萄保鲜潜力表达温度影响因素及其控制技术,葡萄保鲜潜力表达防腐影响因素及其防控技术,以及葡萄保鲜控制技术实施情况解析与贮藏期潜力预警。旨在指导果农和经营者对所贮鲜食葡萄保鲜潜力和贮藏期进行预测和预警,并根据实际情况对所贮鲜食葡萄的贮藏期和贮藏量进行确定。     

鲜食葡萄贮运保鲜技术与现代低温物流技术体系

论述了鲜食葡萄贮运保鲜设施、材料、技术和标准化生产、贮运保鲜基地及批发、拍卖市场的建设内容,阐明了鲜食葡萄商品化处理系统与现代低温物流体系的构成,提出了鲜食葡萄贮运保鲜生产中应大力推广应用的新技术.     

果蔬气调贮藏保鲜技术及设备

详细介绍了气调贮藏对果蔬延缓新陈代谢,保持新鲜度,延长贮藏期和销售货架期的功能,并对气调库库体结构进行了分析说明;同时,又对气调系统各个子系统功能进行了详实介绍.     

新疆葡萄贮运保鲜现状与产业技术提升途径

新疆葡萄种植面积和产量均居全国第一,也是我国葡萄保鲜产品最大生产销售区,但是新疆葡萄贮运保鲜现状不容乐观,产业系统保鲜技术也亟待提升。本文通过分析新疆主栽品种葡萄的采收期及主要贮运特征,指出新疆葡萄贮藏及运输保鲜技术存在的问题,并探讨了新疆鲜食葡萄贮运保鲜产业技术提升途径,为我国新疆葡萄贮运保鲜产业的健康发展提供理论基础。     

葡萄SO2伤害与影响因素研究

综述了影响葡萄SO2伤害的内外因素。品种是影响葡萄耐SO2的主要因素。气候条件,采前技术措施,采收技术,采后预冷和贮藏温度、湿度对贮藏中葡萄SO2伤害都有一定的影响。     

Prestorage application of high carbon dioxide combined with controlled atmosphere storage as a dual approach to control Botrytis cinerea in organic ‘Flame Seedless’ and ‘Crimson Seedless’ table grapes

Pre-storage application of 40% CO₂ at 0 °C for 24 or 48 h and controlled atmosphere (12% O₂ + 12% CO₂) storage at 0 °C for up to eight weeks on decay control and quality of organic ‘Flame Seedless’ and ‘Crimson Seedless’ table grapes were studied as a postharvest disease control alternative. To simulate different potential field conditions, these organic treatments were applied to organic-grown grapes that were naturally infected (without inoculation), surface inoculated (berries inoculated by spraying with a conidia suspension), and nesting inoculated (clusters inoculated by placing in the middle an artificially infected berry) with the pathogen Botrytis cinerea, the cause of grape gray mold. Under these three conditions, a 40% CO₂ for 48 h pre-storage treatment followed by controlled atmosphere reduced the gray mold incidence from 22% to 0.6% and from 100% to 7.4% after four and seven weeks, respectively. High CO₂ pre-storage alone limited botrytis incidence in both naturally and artificially infected grapes, but was more effective when combined with CA. These treatments did not affect visual or sensory fruit quality. Exposure to high CO₂ for 24 or 48 h effectively inhibited mycelial growth of B. cinerea in PDA plates incubated at 22 °C for up to 72 h. Conidia germination in PDA plates was reduced ∼60% after 12 h incubation. In vitro studies demonstrated a fungistatic effect, but further studies on the mechanism of action could improve treatment performance. This novel high CO₂ initial fumigation followed by controlled atmosphere during storage or transportation could be a commercially feasible alternative for postharvest handling of organic and conventional table grapes. Our results encourage validating this combined physical treatment in other cultivars and under commercial conditions.     

Effectiveness of pre- and post-veraison calcium applications to control decay and maintain table grape fruit quality during storage

A two year research was carried out on a table grape vineyard, cv. Italia, to evaluate the effectiveness of pre- and post-veraison calcium applications for controlling postharvest table grape rots and maintaining high fruit quality during cold storage. Two calcium application timings (from fruit set to veraison and from veraison to harvest) were compared to an untreated control. Clusters were sprayed with calcium chloride as Ca EDTA 44%. After each calcium application, bunch samples were collected and Ca²⁺ concentration was measured in berry compartments (skin, flesh and seeds). The main mechanical and chemical characteristics were measured on bunch samples at harvesting and during storage. In addition, the incidence of Botrytis cinerea rots, computed as McKinney index, was evaluated in field on natural inoculum and after harvesting on bunches artificially inoculated and maintained at room temperature. The highest Ca²⁺ concentrations were detected in skin tissues and after pre-veraison applications. Calcium accumulation in skin and flesh tissues stopped after veraison, whereas it continued up to ripening in seeds since the axial flow, differently from the peripheral, remains functional. In both years, calcium applications to bunches were effective both in maintaining postharvest fruit quality, as shown by flesh firmness and berry breaking force, and in reducing B. cinerea rots during storage. The applications were particularly efficacious if carried out between fruit set and veraison when stomata are functional and the re-translocation of calcium not directly absorbed by the bunches may occur via xylem transport.