商务部、财政部联合公布病害猪无害化处理办法

为加强生猪定点屠宰厂（场）病害猪无害化处理监督管理,防止病害生猪产品流人市场,保证人民群众吃上“放心肉”,2008年7月9日,商务部、财政部联合公布了《生猪定点屠宰厂（场）病害猪无害化处理管理办法》。     

病害猪无害化处理办法施行

为加强生猪定点屠宰厂（场）病害猪无害化处理监督管理,防止病害生猪产品流入市场。保证人民群众吃上“放心肉”,在2008年7月,商务部、财政部联合公布了《生猪定点屠宰厂（场）病害猪无害化处理管理办法》。     

商务部、财政部联合公布病害猪无害化处理办法

为加强生猪定点屠宰厂（场）病害猪无害化处理监督管理,防止病害生猪产品流入市场,保证人民群众吃上“放心肉”,2008年7月9日,商务部、财政部联合公布了《生猪定点屠宰厂（场）病害猪无害化处理管理办法》。     

《生猪定点屠宰厂（场）病害猪无害化处理管理办法》公布

为加强生猪定点屠宰场（场）病害猪无害化处理监督管理,防止病害生猪产品流入市场,保证人民群众吃上“放心肉”,2008年7月9日,商务部、财政部联合公布了《生猪定点屠宰厂（场）病害猪无害化处理管理办法》。     

乡镇级小型生猪定点屠宰场的检疫管理

桐庐县自实施生猪定点屠宰以来 ,因涉及定点屠宰扩面等诸多因素 ,基本上每个乡镇都已建有屠宰场 ,而一般乡镇定点屠宰场由于日屠宰量小 ,建场时其内部整体设计和管理均欠合理 ,无法和县级以上的屠宰场相比 ,如果管理不到位 ,极易发生问题。但如能加强对定点屠宰场的管理 ,从建场之初即全程介入 ,严把检疫关 ,则可确保屠宰场的安全和群众吃上“放心肉”。1　完善必要的防疫设施屠宰场门口和动物进出口均应设置消毒池。要建有与屠宰规模相适应的动物仓库和待宰间。建有配套的病害动物、病害产品无害化处理设施。2　严把进场生猪检疫关屠宰场检…     

强化“三位一体”机制 加强屠宰管理

随着社会主义市场经济的不断发展,肉食市场不断繁荣,方便了买卖,方便了群众。但在实际工作中对如何加强管理,控制病害肉流入市场,确保人民身体健康还未形成有效的机制。为此,黑龙江省富裕县委县政府把生猪定点屠宰工作摆上了重要日程,确定了对生猪屠宰实行“三位一体（即畜牧、工商、税务三个单位抽调人员合属办公）,三统一定（即统一检疫、统一屠宰、统一收取税费、定点销售）”的管理体制。多年来的实践证明,这个县生猪定点屠宰工作的管理体制是一个成功之举。既控制了病害肉流入市场,维护了消费者的利益,保证了人民的食肉安全…     

试述生猪定点屠宰检疫监督岗位设置与职责

对生猪实行定点屠宰、集中检疫是动物防疫法确定的基本原则。按照动物防疫法、国家标准、行业标准、检疫管理办法和检疫对象的规定，搞好生猪屠宰检疫监督，防止染疫病害肉品出厂进入流通领域，是保证人民群众食肉安全的重要措施。在机械化生产的大中型生猪定点屠宰厂，检疫监督岗位的设置和职责确定，必须适应屠宰加工流水作业程序要求，对生猪屠宰加工实施同步检疫，才能保证生猪屠宰检疫检验质量。我们在实际工作中经摸索认为应设置９个检疫监督岗位，岗位设置与职责确定简述如下： 岗位（１）设置在生猪定点屠宰厂大门口，入厂消毒池之…     

生猪定点屠宰厂(场)病害猪无害化处理管理办法公布

<正>为加强生猪定点屠宰场(场)病害猪无害化处理监督管理,防止病害生猪产品流入市场,保证人民群众吃上"放心肉",2008年7月9日,商务部、财政部联合公布了《生猪定点屠宰厂(场)病害猪无害化处理管理办法》(以下简称"《办法》"),并将于2008年8月1日起施行。     

生猪定点屠宰厂(场)病害猪无害化处理管理办法

<正>第一章总则第一条为加强生猪定点屠宰厂(场)病害猪无害化处理监督管理,防止病害生猪产品流入市场,保证上市生猪产品质量安全,保障人民身体健康,根据《生猪屠宰管理     

生猪定点屠宰场检疫工作体会

目前,我国实行生猪定点屠宰、集中检疫的制度,其根本原因是为人民群众提供健康肉、放心肉,控制病害肉品传播,保障养殖业疫病的有效防控,切实保障人民群众的餐桌质量,对促进养殖业的稳定持续发展有至关重要的作用。在基层生猪定点屠宰的检疫工作中,仍有诸多问题尚需解决。本文根据近年来基层生猪定点屠宰的检疫工作实践经验,对基层生猪定点屠宰检疫相关工作提出几点建议,供参考。     

Measuring the height at the withers of ponies at a competition and at home using a laser device

Measuring the height of ponies at the withers is currently a prerequisite at Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI) competitions. A pony measured at a competition site must not measure more than 151 cm with, or 150 cm without horse shoes. When a pony exceeds the regulated height, it is excluded from participation in the competition. Moreover, the sale value of a pony can decrease dramatically if by height measurement it is designated as a ‘horse’. The aim of this study was firstly to determine whether measuring ponies at the withers with a laser device is repeatable; secondly, to evaluate whether laser measurements are more accurate than use of a conventional measuring stick, and, thirdly, to evaluate the difference in height at the withers between ponies at home and the height of the same ponies at a competition.Fifteen clinically healthy horses and 38 healthy ponies were used in the study. A statistical evaluation was performed to determine whether there was a correlation or a significant difference between measurements (P < 0.01). The repeatability of the laser measurements, the comparison of the use of the laser versus the measuring stick, and of the measurements done at home compared to the competition site were all very high (0.999, 0.0997 and 0.992, respectively; P < 0.01). The mean height measured at a competition was 141.9 ± 9.0 cm and of the same ponies at home was 142.4 ± 9.1 cm. This difference was not significantly different, although there was a tendency for ponies measured at home to have a higher height at the withers compared to the same ponies at a competition.     

Pecking at other birds and at string enrichment devices by adult laying hens

1. Bunches of white string (polypropylene twine) are particularly attractive pecking stimuli for both chicks and adult laying hens. Furthermore, these devices can retain the birds' interest over lengthy periods. It has also been demonstrated that birds with trimmed feathers elicit feather pecking. The present study was designed to determine whether string devices would retain their attractiveness in the presence of a competing stimulus: a trimmed hen. 2. Lohmann Brown hens were reared in 20 groups of 5 in floor pens with perches from 17 weeks of age. They were exposed to one of two treatments when they were 23 weeks old. One hen was removed from every pen and the feathers on her rump were trimmed. Immediately before her return two string devices were suspended from a perch in treatment 1 whereas no devices were included in treatment 2. Pecking behaviours were immediately observed for 30 min; this procedure was repeated later that day. The devices remained in the pens used in treatment 1 and these birds were observed again for 15 min after 14 d. 3. The string devices were pecked earlier and more than either the trimmed or untrimmed hens. Furthermore, the devices were still being pecked 2 weeks after their introduction. 4. The virtual absence of severe feather pecking and of aggressive head pecks precluded test of our hypothesis that the devices would divert potentially injurious pecking away from other birds. However, the fact that the birds showed sustained interest in the devices, even in the presence of a competing stimulus, supports our proposal that string may represent a practicable and effective form of environmental enrichment.     

Correlation between age at neutering and age at onset of hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets

OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence of hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets in The Netherlands and evaluate age, sex, and age at neutering in affected ferrets. DESIGN: Prevalence survey and retrospective study. ANIMALS: 50 ferrets with hyperadrenocorticism and 1,267 ferrets without hyperadrenocorticism. PROCEDURE: A questionnaire was sent to 1,400 members of a ferret-owners organization in The Netherlands; 492 (35%) owners returned the questionnaire, providing usable data on 1,274 ferrets. Seven of these ferrets developed hyperadrenocorticism during the survey period; medical records for these ferrets and 43 ferrets with confirmed hyperadrenocorticism were reviewed. Hyperadrenocorticism was confirmed by histologic examination of an excised adrenal gland (92% of ferrets) or clinical improvement after excision. RESULTS: Prevalence of hyperadrenocorticism in the survey population was 0.55%. Sex was not associated with prevalence of disease. Median time interval between neutering and diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism was 3.5 years. A significant linear correlation between age at neutering and age at time of diagnosis was detected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Age at neutering may be associated with age at development of hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets.     

Quarter-milk somatic cell count at calving and at the first six milkings after calving

Thirty cows were studied during the first six milkings after calving. Quarter foremilk samples were collected by the farmers at calving and at six subsequent milkings. Geometric-mean somatic cell count (SCC) decreased from 593,000 at calving to 126,000 cells/ml at the sixth milking after calving. In quarters infected with major pathogenic bacteria, geometric-mean SCC was 3,229,000 cells/ml at calving, and 1,257,000 cells/ml at the sixth milking after calving. In quarters infected with minor pathogenic bacteria, geometric-mean SCC was 1,000,000 cells/ml at calving, and 170,000 cells/ml at the sixth milking after calving. In culture-negative quarters, geometric-mean SCC decreased from 306,000 at calving to 42,000 cells/ml at the sixth milking after calving. Quarter SCC can be used early postpartum to give an indication of intra-mammary infection status.     

Predictors of beef calf temperament at weaning and its impact on temperament at breeding and reproductive performance

Two experiments were conducted to determine (i) factors influencing calf temperament at weaning, (ii) association between heifer–calf temperament at weaning and temperament at breeding and (iii) effect of heifer–calf temperament on pregnancy rate per artificial insemination (P/AI). In experiment 1, beef cows and their calves (n = 285) from three farms were used. Sire docility estimated progeny difference (EPD) score, birth type (normal or assisted), calf gender, calf behaviour (during 1st 4 weeks) and calf health status (until weaning) were recorded. Cows and calves were assigned a temperament score (0—calm; 1—excitable), and all cows were given a body condition score (BCS, 1–9; 1—emaciated; 9—obese) at weaning. Calf's illness (p < .05), low sire docility EPD score (p < .05), altered gait (p < .05), altered resting behaviour (p < .01), reduced/no play behaviour (p < .05) and cow excitable temperament (p < .001) increased calf excitable temperament at weaning. In experiment 2, replacement heifer–calves (n = 758) from 12 farms were assigned a temperament score at weaning and later at breeding. Blood from 40 calves at weaning and 31 heifers at initiation of synchronization (same animals) was collected by coccygeal venipuncture for determination of circulating cortisol and substance P concentrations. Heifers were assigned a BCS and reproductive tract score (RTS, 1–5; 1—immature, acyclic; 5—mature, cyclic), synchronized for fixed time AI, observed for oestrus and were artificially inseminated. Cortisol concentrations were increased in excitable heifer–calves compared to calm heifer–calves at weaning (p < .05), and substance P was increased in excitable compared to calm females both at weaning and breeding (p < .05). Low sire EPD docility score (p < .01), heifer–calf excitable temperament at weaning increased excitable temperament at breeding (p < .01). Controlling for BCS categories (p < .01), oestrous expression (p < .0001) and temperament at breeding by oestrous expression (p < .05), the calf's excitable temperament at weaning (p < .001) reduced P/AI (Calm, 62.7 (244/389) vs. Excitable, 53.4% (197/369); p < .01). In conclusion, selection of docile cows and sires with greater docility EPD score should be given consideration to reduce calf excitement. Temperament in beef female can be detected earlier in their life and could be used as a tool in the selection process and to improve their performances.     

Risk factors for cross-country horse falls at one-day events and at two-/three-day events

The cross-country phase of eventing competitions has been associated with injuries and fatalities to horses and riders. A case-control study was carried out to identify variables that were associated with increased or decreased risk of a horse fall on the cross-country phase at event competitions. After initial analysis, the dataset was split according to the categories of one-day events as compared to two- or three-day events to establish whether significant risk factors varied between the different types of eventing competitions. Data were collected for 121 cases (horse falls) at one-day events, 59 cases at two- or three-day events and for their 540 matched controls. The data were analysed using conditional logistic regression. The variables of no previous refusals on the course, fences with a landing in water and the combined variable of the angle and the spread of the fence were significantly associated with the risk of a horse fall in both datasets. Additional risk factors for one-day event falls were: fences requiring a take-off from water, a drop landing, the rider's knowledge of their position before the cross-country phase and if the rider received cross-country tuition. Three-day event risk factors in the multivariable model included: the camber of the fence and participation in non-equestrian sports by the rider. This study identified variables that were significantly associated with an increase or a decrease in the risk of a horse fall during the cross-country phase of different types of eventing competitions. Some of these variables are modifiable and the results of this study have been reported to the governing body of the sport of eventing in the UK so that possible interventions might be considered.