猫白血病的研究

白血病是猫最常见的恶性肿瘤疾病，死亡率高．患猫有各样的症状，但缺乏临床上可被认识的特异性，给诊断和治疗造成困难．本研究观察了２９例自然发病病猫，从细胞化学、免疫学、病理学方面进行分类．通过细胞培养检出了猫白血病病毒（ＦｅＬＶ），也检测了病猫血清中的抗白血病细胞膜抗体（ＡＬＣＭＡ）．结果表明，某些病猫对此病具有相当的免疫力，而某些病猫却不能充分发挥免疫力，从而导致ＦｅＬＶ在体内各组织和血液细胞发生作用而引起临床病征．由此认为，ＡＬＣＭＡ在发展抗ＦｅＬＶ侵染的早期免疫力上起着重要作用．     

猫急性白血病的FAB分型命名

猫的急性白血病是猫的肿瘤性疾病中最常见的一种恶性肿瘤疾病,临床发病急、死亡率高．但在临床治疗中,又因各种类型的细胞起源、基因类型、病理学过程对治疗的反应差异显著,给临床和判断预后造成极大的困难,所以各种类型的正确分类和命名对指导猫的急性白血病临床治疗有重要价值．本实验研究借鉴目前国际医学上采用的 Ｆ Ａ Ｂ分类方法,将临床收治的 ３８ 例急性白血病病猫进行分型命名．由此认为, Ｆ Ａ Ｂ能为动物白血病临床诊断和治疗提供合理依据,从而为动物白血病的研究开辟一新的途径     

雏鸡感染网状内皮组织增殖病病毒后免疫病理的研究

 研究了 1日龄 SPF雏鸡感染网状内皮组织增殖病病毒 ( REV)后 ,胸腺和脾脏 T细胞增殖反应及 T细胞数量、法氏囊和脾脏 B细胞增殖反应和抗体生成细胞数量、胸腺和脾脏 IL- 2及 IFN诱生活性的动态变化。结果发现 ,雏鸡感染 REV后 ,胸腺和脾脏 T细胞增殖反应及数量、法氏囊和脾脏 B细胞增殖反应和 Ig G+、Ig M+、Ig A+抗体生成细胞数量均明显低于未感染对照雏鸡 ;胸腺和脾脏 IL- 2及脾脏 IFN诱生活性显著下降 ,表明感染 REV后雏鸡中枢和外周免疫器官细胞免疫和体液免疫降低及细胞因子 IL- 2及 IFN免疫调节减弱。     

T-lymphocyte priming and protection against Friend leukemia by vaccinia-retrovirus env gene recombinant

The current prevalence of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome in humans has provoked renewed interest in methods of protective immunization against retrovirus-induced diseases. In this study, a vaccinia-retrovirus recombinant vector was constructed to study mechanisms of immune protection against Friend virus leukemia in mice. The envelope (env) gene from Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) was inserted into the genome of a vaccinia virus expression vector. Infected cells synthesized gp85, the glycosylated primary product of the env gene. Processing to gp70 and p15E, and cell surface localization, were similar to that occurring in cells infected with F-MuLV. Mice inoculated with live recombinant vaccinia virus had an envelope-specific T-cell proliferative response and, after challenge with Friend virus complex, developed neutralizing antibody and cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and were protected against leukemia. In contrast, unimmunized and control groups developed a delayed neutralizing antibody response, but no detectable CTL, and succumbed to leukemia. Genes of the major histocompatibility complex influenced protection induced by the vaccinia recombinant but not that induced by attenuated N-tropic Friend virus.     

Identification of a cellular cofactor required for infection by feline leukemia virus

Retroviral infection involves continued genetic variation, leading to phenotypic and immunological selection for more fit virus variants in the host. For retroviruses that cause immunodeficiency, pathogenesis is linked to the emergence of T cell-tropic, cytopathic viruses. Here we show that an immunodeficiency-inducing, T cell-tropic feline leukemia virus (FeLV) has evolved such that it cannot infect cells unless both a classic multiple membrane-spanning receptor molecule (Pit1) and a second coreceptor or entry factor are present. This second receptor component, which we call FeLIX, was identified as an endogenously expressed protein that is similar to a portion of the FeLV envelope protein. This cellular protein can function either as a transmembrane protein or as a soluble component to facilitate infection.     

湖南永州地区家养犬·猫胃肠道寄生虫病原学调查

[目的]了解湖南永州地区家养犬、猫胃肠道寄生虫的感染情况。[方法]对来湖南永州职业技术学院就诊和用于试验的1632只犬和57只猫进行粪便检查。[结果]在被检查的1632只犬和57只猫中,主要感染了犬钩虫、犬复孔绦虫、细粒棘球绦虫、犬弓首蛔虫、犬等孢球虫、俄亥俄等孢球虫、狐毛首线虫、犬贾第鞭毛虫、华支睾吸虫,感染率都相对较高。[结论]应在加强对该地区家养犬猫的管理及寄生虫病的防治。     

感染传染性法氏囊病毒雏鸡的免疫抑制及其机理

本实验共用412只滨白雏鸡,分别在1日龄或4周龄时感染 IBDV,检测了雏鸡感染后其外周血液、泪液、气管液、肠液、胆汁中 IgG,IgM 和 IgA 含量、血液 T 细胞免疫功能和脾脏 B 细胞抗体生成功能、血液 T,B 细胞、淋肥细胞数量以及法氏囊、胸腺、脾脏、盲肠扁桃体、丕氏斑、十二指肠、哈德尔腺、支气管粘膜中浆细胞和酸性α-萘酚酯酶阳性 T 细胞(ANAE+T)数量的动态变化,结果如下:(1)雏鸡感染 IBDV 后,法氏囊、脾脏的浆细胞明显减少,脾脏 B 细胞抗体生成功能降低;胸腺、法氏囊、脾脏的 ANAE+T 细胞数量显著下降,说明感染鸡免疫器官的体液免疫功能和细胞免疫功能显著减弱.(2)IBDV 感染雏鸡引起呼吸道和消化道局部免疫组织一哈德尔腺、支气管粘膜、盲肠扁桃体、十二指肠粘膜固有层,丕氏斑的浆细胞和 ANAE+T 细胞较对照鸡显著减少;泪液、气管液、胆汁、肠液中 IgG,IgA,IgM 含量明显下降,表明感染鸡呼吸道和消化道局部的细胞免疫和体液免疫水平均显著降低.(3)感染鸡外周血液 T,B 细胞数量减少,T 细胞功能降低,IgG,IgA,IgM 含量明显下降,表明和标志全身体液免疫和细胞免疫水平降低,是免疫器官细胞免疫和体液免疫功能显著降低的反映和表现.(4)1日龄雏鸡感染 IBDV 后,B 细胞功能抑制时间明显长于 T 细胞,证明感染鸡 B 细胞功能的损害重于 T 细胞.(5)4周龄雏鸡感染 IBDV 引起的免疫抑制程度低于1日龄感染鸡,呈现一定的感染日龄差异.     

血管生成拮抗因子内皮抑素在急慢性白血病中的应用研究

应用vWF标记免疫组化法观察骨髓新生血管情况及ELISA法测定血浆内皮抑素(ES)含量，研究急慢性白血病患者骨髓新生血管情况及血浆血管生成拮抗因子ES的变化情况。结果表明：急性白血病(AL)和慢性白血病(CML)患者骨髓微血密度(MVD)较对照组极显著增高，治疗后获缓解者骨髓MVD显著降低，且接近正常水平；AL和CML血浆ES显著高于对照组，化疗后获完全缓解(CR)的AL和CML血浆ES含量均降至正常水平。说明初诊白血病患者存在骨髓新生血管及血管生成拮抗因子ES水平的增高，白血病患者体内ES的增加很可能对机体具有一种保护作用，其含量的变化可能与白血病患者的预后有关。     

Molecular cloning of a feline leukemia virus that induces fatal immunodeficiency disease in cats

A replication-defective variant of feline leukemia virus was molecularly cloned directly from infected tissue and found to induce a rapid and fatal immunodeficiency syndrome in cats. Studies with cloned viruses also showed that subtle mutational changes would convert a minimally pathogenic virus into one that would induce an acute form of immunodeficiency. The data suggest that acutely pathogenic viruses may be selected against by current methods for isolation of the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses.     

Isolation of a T-lymphotropic virus from domestic cats with an immunodeficiency-like syndrome

A highly T-lymphotropic virus was isolated from cats in a cattery in which all the animals were seronegative for feline leukemia virus. A number of cats in one pen had died and several had an immunodeficiency-like syndrome. Only 1 of 18 normal cats in the cattery showed serologic evidence of infection with this new virus, whereas 10 of 25 cats with signs of ill health were seropositive for the virus. Tentatively designated feline T-lymphotropic lentivirus, this new feline retrovirus appears to be antigenically distinct from human immunodeficiency virus. There is no evidence for cat-to-human transmission of the agent. Kittens experimentally infected by way of blood or plasma from naturally infected animals developed generalized lymphadenopathy several weeks later, became transiently febrile and leukopenic, and continued to show a generalized lymphadenopathy 5 months after infection.     

High rate of HTLV-II infection in seropositive i.v. drug abusers in New Orleans

Confirmed infection with HTLV-II (human T cell leukemia virus type II) has been described only in rare cases. The major limitation to serological diagnosis of HTLV-II has been the difficulty of distinguishing HTLV-II from HTLV-I (human T cell leukemia virus type I) infection, because of substantial cross-reactivity between the viruses. A sensitive modification of the polymerase chain reaction method was used to provide unambiguous molecular evidence that a significant proportion of intravenous drug abusers are infected with HTLV, and the majority of these individuals are infected with HTLV-II rather than HTLV-I. Of 23 individuals confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analysis to be infected with HTLV, 21 were identified to be infected with HTLV-II, and 2 were infected with HTLV-I. Molecular identification of an HTLV-II--infected population provides an opportunity to investigate the pathogenicity of HTLV-II in humans.     

Feline leukemia virus: occurrence of viral antigen in the tissues of cats with lymphosarcoma and other diseases

Felinie leutkemia viruts antigen is demonstrable by immunodiffusion with rabbit precipitating antiserum to purified felinie leukemia virus. The felinie leukemia virus antigen was found in the tissues of 25 of 33 cats with lymphosarcoma and of 5 of 13 cats with infectious peritonitis. Its presence was correlated with the occurrence of felinie leukemia virus demonstrable by electron microscopy. The one clinically normal cat giving a positive test for feline leukemia virus antigen belonged to a household in which two cats had developed lymphosarcoma. With the exception of a dog with lymphosarcoma induced by feline leukemia virus, the antigent was absent from lymphosarcoma and nonlymphomatous tumors of other species (man, dog, cow, goat, or pig).     

Comparison of Growth and Development Patterns of Fenneropenaeus chinensis (Osbeck) Huanghai No.1 and the First Generation of Wild Population

[Objective] The aim was to estimate the developmental characteristics of Huanghai No.1 and the first generation of wild population in Fenneropenaeus chinensis for providing a reference for the development, feeding management and breeding. [Method] Four growth models were used to fit the growth patterns of 15 morphological traits. The squared multiple correlation coefficient (R2 ) of the Cubic growth model was higher than the other three models, so it was selected to investigate the growth pattern and age in month at inflexion. [Result] Ages in month at inflexion of body weight in Huanghai No.1 and the G1 population were 2.87 (body weight at inflexion was 14.98 g) and 4.05 (body weight at inflexion was 26.26 g), respectively. In addition, Ages in month at inflexion of morphological characters in Huanghai No.1 were from 0.51 to 3.07. CL had the most rapid growth rate, followed by AW, CH, AH, CW, BL, FL, AL5, AL3, AL4, TL, AL2, AL1, and AL6. Ages in month at inflexion in the G 1 population were from 2.38 to 3.08, except that of AL2, and the order of achieving the most rapid growth rate was AL2, AL1, AL3, AL4, CH, AL5, CW, FL, AH, AW, TL, CL, BL, and AL6, that delayed one month than that of Huanghai No.1 except AL2 and AL1. [Conclusion] The development of Huanghai No.1 cultivar was advanced for about one month compared to that of the G1 population.     

复方中药对感染NIB鸡淋巴细胞刺激指数的影响

为了探明由熟地等组成的复方中药对感染肾型传染性支气管炎雏鸡免疫功能的影响规律,将雏鸡随机分为6组(空白对照组,攻毒对照组,西药治疗组,复方中药低剂量、中剂量、高剂量治疗组),分别于给药后3、6、9、14、19d采集血样,测定血液中T、B淋巴细胞的刺激指数。结果表明:试验用复方中药不仅可以提高人工感染肾型传染性支气管炎雏鸡T淋巴细胞的刺激指数,而且可使该雏鸡B淋巴细胞的刺激指数恢复到正常水平。结果还表明,试验用复方中药可以提高人工感染肾型传染性支气管炎雏鸡的细胞免疫功能,并可使该雏鸡体液免疫功能得以恢复。     

鹅源H5N1亚型禽流感病毒对SPF雏鸡血液免疫功能的影响

以21日龄SPF雏鸡为实验动物,应用细胞培养和免疫酶技术,通过外周血液免疫球蛋白(Igs)含量、T和B淋巴细胞数量及其增殖功能的检测,较全面系统的研究了鹅源H5N1亚型中强毒禽流感病毒(AIV)感染SPF雏鸡后,其外周血液上述被检指标的动态变化.结果表明,鹅源H5N1亚型中强毒AIV感染SPF雏鸡后,其血清IgG和Ig...     

传染性法氏囊病疫苗免疫种鸡后子代雏鸡的免疫学变化

应用现代免疫学新技术对传染性法氏囊病 (IBD)疫苗免疫种鸡后 ,其子代雏鸡外周血液和免疫器官组织的免疫学变化进行了动态研究。结果发现 :传染性法氏囊病疫苗免疫种鸡后 ,其子代雏鸡外周血液 T、B细胞数量和 Ig G,Ig M,Ig A含量及免疫器官组织的 T细胞、Ig G,Ig M,Ig A抗体生成细胞数量均不同程度地高于未免疫的相应对照雏鸡 ,表明 IBD疫苗免疫母鸡后 ,子代雏鸡外周血液和免疫器官组织的体液免疫和细胞免疫功能明显增强。而传染性法氏囊病超强毒攻击子代雏鸡后 ,未免疫的子代雏鸡 ,外周血液和免疫器官组织的上述各项指标均明显低于疫苗免疫的子代雏鸡 ,这与 IBDV感染雏鸡后 ,其免疫器官组织严重损害 ,淋巴细胞变性坏死等有关 ,也是导致感染雏鸡免疫抑制的基础     

E.necatrix二次感染雏鸡消化道局部体液Igs含量变化

采用间接酶联免疫吸附试验法检测了毒害艾美耳球虫(Eimeria necatrix)二次感染雏鸡肠液和胆汁IgA、IgM、IgG含量变化。结果表明,在E.necatrix二次大剂量攻击性感染雏鸡后的初期,三种免疫球蛋白含量呈现一过性下降,随即回升,14d较对照和初次感染雏鸡明显增加,表明球虫初次感染所激发的高水平体液免疫对其二次感染有良好的免疫保护作用。     

Observation learning in cats

In two experiments cats acquired a stimulus-controlled approach or avoidance response by observational or conventional shaping procedures. Observer cats acquired the avoidance response (hurdle jumping in response to a buzzer stimulus) significantly faster and made fewer errors than cats that were conventionally trained. Observer cats acquired the approach response (lever pressing for food in response to a light stimulus) with significantly fewer errors than cats that were conventionally trained. In some cases, observer cats committed one or no errors while reaching criterion.     

鸡贫血因子病的免疫病理学变化

 用鸡贫血病毒（CAV）感染1日龄健康AA雏鸡，以未感染同龄雏鸡为对照，在感染后7、14、21、28、35、42和49d检测其免疫器官与体重比值，胸腺、脾脏T细胞白细胞介素2（IL-2）和干扰素（IFN）诱生活性，胸腺、法氏囊、脾脏T、B细胞增殖反应，胸腺、法氏囊、脾脏、盲肠扁桃体及哈德尔腺中α-萘酚酯酶阳性[ANAE#+（+）]T细胞、IgG、IgM、IgA抗体生成细胞数量，外周血液中T、B细胞数量，血清、泪液、气管液、肠液、胆汁中IgG、IgM、IgA含量的动态变化。揭示了感染鸡细胞因子IL-2、IFN的免疫调节发生障碍、中枢与外周免疫器官的细胞免疫和体液免疫功能呈现抑制，呼吸道与消化道的局部免疫防御功能降低。