Genetic analysis of adult plant,quantitative resistance to stripe rust in wheat landrace Wudubaijian in multi-environment trials

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici(Pst), is one of the most destructive diseases on wheat worldwide.Wudubaijian, a wheat landrace released from Gansu Province in China since 1950, exhibits adult-plant resistance to stripe rust for several decades. To elucidate the genetic basis of stripe rust resistance, Wudubaijian was crossed with the high susceptible cultivar Mingxian 169, and stripe rust tests of both parents and the F2:3 lines were conducted in four environments of Y...     

CIMMYT小麦PBW343和Muu中条锈和叶锈成株抗性QTL分析

为发掘CIMMYT小麦品种PBW343和Muu中条锈和叶锈成株抗性基因,以PBW343与Muu杂交的146个F6代重组自交系为材料,种植于田间调查鉴定,并利用31个SSR标记、16个EST标记和502个DArT(Di-versity Arrays Technology)标记构建连锁图,采用复合区间作图法进行小麦条锈病和叶锈病的成株抗性QTL分析,发现了2个控制小麦抗条锈病和1个控制小麦抗叶锈病的QTL,分别位于2AL、2BL和5BL上,解释8.89%,10.81%和12.82%的表型变异,3个QTL均来自小麦品种Muu。这2个小麦抗条锈QTL和1个抗叶锈QTL的发掘,将为小麦抗病育种提供理论和技术支持。     

Application of remote sensing to identify adult plant resistance loci to stripe rust in two bread wheat mapping populations

Phenotyping of wheat stripe rust in genetic studies has traditionally relied on quantifying disease by means of the modified Cobb Scale. This approach requires scoring of disease severity and response type, either on flag leaves or on a whole plot basis. The use of spectral crop sensors in wheat phenotyping has raised the question of whether this objective methodology is suitable for detecting stripe rust resistance loci in genetic studies. An Avocet S X Francolin#1 recombinant inbred population developed at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo—acronym CIMMYT), and a Kariega X Avocet S doubled haploid population developed in South Africa, both with available genetic maps, were used in this study. Field trials for stripe rust evaluation of these populations were planted at Greytown, South Africa in 2013 and 2014. Severe and uniformly distributed infection of Puccinia striiformis race 6E22A+ occurred in both years. Populations and parents were phenotyped according to the modified Cobb Scale and with a handheld Trimble GreenSeeker^® crop sensor (model HCS-100). The sensing device emits red and infrared light and measures the reflectance of each wavelength in terms of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). In both years, NDVI detected four previously characterized quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosomes 1BL, 2BS, 3BS and 6AL in the Avocet S X Francolin#1 population. The same QTL were detected with visual estimates in 2013 but only 2BS was significant in 2014. In the Kariega X Avocet S population, all stripe rust traits, including NDVI, mapped to previously described QTL on chromosomes 2BS, 4AL and 7DS. Remote sensing of infection levels thus consistently detected the same QTL regions as described by using visual ratings in earlier studies, indicating that a crop sensor can be easily applied in genetic mapping of stripe rust resistance in wheat.     

鲜食甜玉米南方锈病抗性QTL定位分析

为挖掘新的抗南方锈病基因资源,本研究以甜玉米组合M5×M114的216个F2单株为遗传作图群体,应用BSA方法从500对SSR引物中筛选出2对在F2代抗病和感病DNA池间具有多态性的引物,分别位于4和9号染色体上;在4和9号染色体上重新设计100对SSR引物,构建了包含33个标记位点总长为241.2cM的连锁遗传图,各个标记间的平均距离为7.53cM。结合F2单株对南方锈病的抗性表现,用复合区间作图法在4和9号染色体上共检测到7个显著的南方锈病抗性QTLs,其中:4个QTLs位于4号染色体上,可解释12.1%、7.8%、18.2%和14.9%表型变异;3个位于9号染色体上,分别解释17.0%、13.3%与19.2%的表型变异。研究结果可为抗南方锈病的精细定位、主效基因克隆和抗南方锈病鲜食甜玉米品种选育提供理论依据。     

燕麦对冠锈病水平抗性的QTL定位

为了确定与燕麦冠锈病水平抗性基因相关的分子标记，建立了具水平抗病性的品系MN841801-1和感病品种Noble-2杂交的F8群体。该群体由158个重组自交系组成。用112个RFLP标记构建了其连锁图，该图由17个连锁群（A-Q）组成，另有23个位点未连锁，大约覆盖了燕麦基因组的1498.2cM。重组自交系群体的抗病性鉴定分别在温室和田间进行。用病斑面积占总叶面积的百分率（PPA）和病害发展曲线下的面积（AUDPC）作为抗病指标，在田间试验中分别探测到3个燕麦冠锈病水平抗性的QTL，依次命名为PRQ1，PRQ2和PRQ3。这3个QTL分别位于连锁群C，P和N上，总共可解释27%的表现型变量。在温室试验中只探测到PRQ1和PRQ2两个QTL，当用AUDPC和PPA分别作为抗病指标时，这两个QTL可分别解释32%和26%的表现型变量。     

1996～2000年小麦品种(系)成株期抗条锈病鉴定报告

小麦条锈病是小麦最重要的病害之一,在我国曾发生3次全国性的大流行,陕西关中麦区自1942年以来发生9次大流行,给小麦生产造成巨大的损失.培育和利用抗病品种是防治条锈病最经济有效的措施之一.然而,条锈病菌生理小种变异往往会造成小麦品种抗锈性的丧失.我们根据每年小麦条锈菌生理小种监测结果,选用当前全国主要生理小种(类型)对省内、外育种单位及陕西省种子管理站选送的高代品系、亲本材料及育成品种进行成株期分小种鉴定.现将5 a的鉴定结果报道如下,以供广大植保和育种同行参考. 　　……     

陕甘小麦品种及抗源的高温抗条锈性研究

小麦苗期接种条锈菌(PucciniastriiformisWest.)后,分别采用高温(21±1)℃和常温(14±1)℃处理,测定了陕西、甘肃两省主栽品种及抗源的高温抗条锈性。结果表明,陕927、陕897、兰天1号、豫麦21和钱保德等品种具有高温抗条锈性,陕农757、西植9420、M8003-06、绵阳11、繁6、天选36和里勃留拉等品种可能具有高温抗条锈性。     

Inheritance and QTL analysis of dough rheological parameters in wheat

A RIL population from two Australian wheats, Lang and CSCR6, was employed to evaluate the genetic variation and to detect QTL associated with dough rheological characters based on DArT and SSR markers and two environmental experiments. It was showed that the higher variation existed in the RIL for dough rheological characters, and so did much more abundant selection potentials that lacked in Chinese current commercial varieties. Nine additive QTLs for dough rheological characters were identified. Of which those for water absorption (WA) were located on chromosome 2A and 5A, stability time (ST) on 4B and 1B, breaking time (BT) on 1B, degree of softening (DS) on 1B, band width (BW) on 2B (two loci), evaluation value (EV) on 1B. And seven epistatic QTLs were screened out, and non-significant variance was found for the interaction between these epistatic QTLs and the environment. Correlation analysis indicated that there was a significantly positive relation between WA and development time (DT), and EV, whereas negatively related to BW. A significantly positive relation existed between DT, ST, BT and EV each other. They were negatively related to mixing tolerance index (MTI) and degree of softening (DS), both had a markedly positive relation.     

10 个川麦系列小麦品种在绵阳田间抗条锈病鉴定

选用2006—2010年通过四川省农作物品种审定的10个川麦系列小麦品种,通过大田自然诱发,对其成株期不同生育期的抗锈性进行鉴定分析,旨在筛选出具有免疫及高抗的品种。方差分析结果表明,不同品种普遍率以及严重度的差异显著,部分川麦系列品种病情指数有显著差异。综合分析表明,川麦53、川麦48、川麦54表现为近免疫,川麦55、川麦58表现为高抗,川麦56表现为中抗,其余表现为中感。相关性分析表明,不同抗性组分之间均表现为极显著相关。表明在生产中不能忽视任何一个因素,一旦发现条锈病,应立即进行防治,防止条锈病的加重与蔓延。     

节节麦SQ-214衍生系的抗条锈性状遗传分析

利用高抗条锈CIMMYT节节麦衍生系川05W4578与Sy95-71构建的F2群体,对川05W4578成株期的抗锈性进行了遗传分析。结果表明,川05W4578的抗条锈性状受两对基因控制,可用于抗条锈病育种。     

Seedling and adult plant resistance to leaf rust in 46 Chinese bread wheat landraces and 39 wheat lines with known Lr genes

Wheat leaf rust,caused by Puccinia triticina(Pt),is an important foliar disease that has an important influence on wheat yield.The most economic,safe and effective way to control the disease is growing resistant cultivars.In the present study,a total of 46 wheat landraces and 34 wheat lines with known Lr(leaf rust resistance)genes were inoculated with 16Pt pathotypes for postulating seedling resistance gene(s)in the greenhouse.These cultivars and five wheat differential lines with adult plant resistance(APR)genes(Lr12,Lr22b,Lr34,Lr35 and Lr37)were also evaluated for identification of slow rusting resistance in the field trials in Baoding,Hebei Province of China in the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 cropping seasons.Furthermore,10 functional molecular markers closely linked to 10 known Lr genes were used to detect all the wheat genotypes.Results showed that most of the landraces were susceptible to most of the Pt pathotypes at seedling stage.Nonetheless,Lr1 was detected only in Hongtangliangmai.The field experimental test of the two environments showed that 38 landraces showed slow rusting resistance.Seven cultivars possessed Lr34 but none of the landraces contained Lr37 and Lr46.Lr genes namely,Lr9,Lr19,Lr24,Lr28,Lr29,Lr47,Lr51 and Lr53 were effective at the whole plant stage.Lr18,Lr36 and Lr45 had lost resistance to part of pathotypes at the seedling stage but showed high resistance at the adult plant stage.Lr34 as a slowing rusting gene showed good resistance in the field.Four race-specific APR genes Lr12,Lr13,Lr35 and Lr37 conferred good resistance in the field experiments.Seven race-specific genes,Lr2b,Lr2c,Lr11,Lr16,Lr26,Lr33 and LrB had lost resistance.The 38 landraces showed slow rusting resistance to wheat leaf rust can be used as resistance resources for wheat resistance breeding in China.     

2004年新育成小麦品种(系)成株期抗条锈性鉴定分析

采用4个条锈菌生理小种(类型)对2004年新育成的180份小麦品种(系)进行了成株期分小种鉴定。结果表明,对条32号、31号、水11-14和太白4表现抗病的品种(系)分别为52,65,83和110份,所占比例依次为29.1%,39.4%,50.9%和64.0%。小麦区试品种自然诱发发病情况调查表明,黄淮区试品种的抗性优于陕西省区试品种,岐山县区试圃自然发病重于杨凌区区试圃。     

意大利抗病小麦品种Pascal抗条锈性的遗传分析

在2000~2003年,以我国陇南重要外引小麦品种Pascal作母本,铭贤169作父本进行杂交,子代材料苗期分别接种条锈菌单孢菌系条中29号、洛13-Ⅲ、条中31号、条中32号和水14,抗性遗传结果表明,对条中29号,F1代植株抗感分离比为5∶12,BC1代植株全部为抗病株,F2代植株抗感分离比为46:31,符合理论比9:7,卡方测验结果也符合这一结果;对条中32号,F1代植株抗感分离比为6∶5,BC1代植株抗感分离比为4:4,F2代植株抗感分离比为24:49,符合理论比1:3;对洛13-Ⅲ,F2代植株抗感分离比为10:48,符合理论比1:3;对条中31号,F2代植株抗感分离比为20:55,符合理论比1:3;对水14,F2代植株抗感分离比为6:69,符合理论比1:15.卡方测验值均符合理论值.据此推知pascal对条中29号的抗性由2对显性互补抗性基因控制,对洛13Ⅲ、条中31号、条中32号的抗性均由1对隐性抗性基因控制,对水14的抗性由2对隐性抗性基因控制.     

源于叙利亚小麦抗条锈性的遗传分析

分别用小麦条锈菌优势小种条中31号和条中32号接种,对源于叙利亚的ICA31I、CA70分别与川麦28杂交的F1、F2和BC1群体进行抗病基因分析,研究了它们在成株期抗性表现及杂交后代的抗感分离情况。结果表明,ICA31对条中31号和条中32号均表现出由1对显性纯合基因控制;ICA70对条中31表现出由1对显性基因和1对隐性基因的互补作用控制,而对条中32表现为由一对隐性基因控制。     

小麦抗条锈新种质的创制——Ⅲ．小麦抗条锈新种质细胞遗传学初步鉴定

从六倍体小黑麦和普通小麦杂交后代中选育了9个具不同抗条锈特性的新种质,对其细胞学和主要性状特点进行了初步鉴定。结果表明,抗条锈新种质材料的田间表现无不良的农艺性状;细胞学初步鉴定表明,WT341为小麦-黑麦代换系,其余8个材料为小麦-黑麦易位系,并且这一易位不同于1B/1R易位。     

110个四川主栽小麦品种抗条锈性鉴定及聚类分析

为选育出四川地区具有优秀抗性的小麦品种,进一步完善四川小麦品种的种质资源,选取110个四川地区主栽小麦品种,对每个品种的抗条锈性进行了大田成株期抗条锈性鉴定,对反应型、普遍率、终期病情指数进行相关分析,并对所有参试品种进行聚类分析,系统地对不同品种间的抗性水平进行分类筛选.结果显示:反应型、普遍率和终期病情指数三者具有极显著的正相关.聚类分析结果表明110个品种中,高抗品种有21个,占参试品种的19.1％;中抗品种26个,占参试品种的23.6％;中感品种31个,占参试品种的28.2％;高感品种32个,占参试品种的29.1％.     

秦农142抗条锈病特征与成株期抗性遗传分析

【目的】明确小麦品种秦农142的抗条锈病特征及其抗条锈性遗传规律,以利于该抗病品种的合理利用和抗病基因的发掘。【方法】利用9个中国条锈菌系(CYR23、CYR29、CYR31、CYR32、CYR33、CH42、Sull-4、Sull-5和Sull-7)和3个国外条锈菌系(PK-CDRD、Hu09-2和104E137A)鉴定秦农142苗期及成株期的抗条锈性特征,并推导其抗病基因。苗期接种鉴定含7个常见抗条锈病基因(Yr5、Yr9、Yr10、Yr15、Yr17、Yr18、Yr26)的单基因抗性材料的抗性,分子标记检测秦农142的抗病基因,结合单基因抗病材料的抗病谱和分子标记检测结果推断秦农142是否含有以上7个抗条锈病基因。通过与感病亲本Avocet S杂交,构建秦农142的F1、F2和F2∶3遗传分析群体,鉴定亲本及各杂交后代群体的田间成株期条锈病抗性,分析其抗条锈病的遗传规律。【结果】苗期和成株期抗条锈性鉴定结果表明,秦农142在成株期有高度抗病性,在苗期抗性表现良好,仅对当前各麦区流行优势小种CYR32感病,对其他11个小种均表现高度抗病。基因分析结果显示,秦农142不含有已知的7个抗条锈病基因,其苗期抗病性由未知抗条锈病基因决定;成株期抗病性遗传分析表明,秦农142成株期抗病性由1对显性基因和1对隐性基因共同决定。【结论】秦农142具有典型的成株期抗病特征,是很好的抗病育种材料。     

Identification of a new stripe rust resistance gene in Chinese winter wheat Zhongmai 175

Stripe rust is a serious foliar disease posing a grave threat to wheat production worldwide. The most economical and environmentally friendly way to control this disease is to breed and deploy resistant cultivars. Zhongmai 175 is an elite winter wheat cultivar conferring resistance to a broad spectrum of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici(Pst) races. To identify the resistance gene in the cultivar, genetic analysis was conducted using the parents, F1, F2 and F2:3 populations derived from the cross of Lunxuan 987/Zhongmai 175. Segregations in the F2 and F2:3 populations indicated a single dominant gene conferring resistance to stripe rust in Zhongmai 175, temporarily designated Yr ZM175. Bulked segregant analysis(BSA) with wheat i Select 90 K SNP array determined a preliminary location of Yr ZM175. Subsequently, Yr ZM175 was mapped on chromosome 2AS using simple sequence repeats(SSR), expressed sequence tags(EST) and newly-developed kompetitive allele specific PCR(KASP) markers, being flanked by Xgwm636 and Xwmc382 at genetic distances of 4.9 and 8.1 c M, respectively. Comparison of reaction patterns of Yr ZM175 on 23 Pst races or isolates and pedigree analysis with other genes on chromosome 2AS suggested that it is likely to be a new gene for resistance to stripe rust. The resistance gene and linked molecular markers will be useful in wheat breeding targeting for the improvement of stripe rust resistance.     

小麦种质资源抗要锈病性数据库系统的建立

根据陕西省植保所１９５９年以来积累的小麦种质资源抗条锈病性相关数据，共计２万余份品种，３６万条鉴定结果，５００多条小种出现频率检测结果． １９９７～１９９９年，作者以面向对象程序设计语言Ｄｅｌｐｈｉ ３．０为开发工具，建立了小麦种质资源抗条锈病性数据库管理系统．该系统由数据录入、数据查询、数据修改和统计分析４个模块组成．该系统对小麦抗条锈病性育种、制定病害综合治理方案和品种合理布局具有一定的参考价值和指导意义。     

小麦抗条锈病基因分子标记及定位研究进展

条锈病是小麦的主要病害之一,在我国曾多次流行造成小麦严重减产。近年来分子标记技术的迅速发展为小麦抗条锈病基因的研究提供了极大的方便。在抗病育种中应用分子标记辅助选择有利于实现抗条锈病多基因积累,可以加速持久抗病品种的培育进程。本文简要介绍了几种常用的分子标记的概念和方法,并详细介绍了近几年分子标记在小麦抗条锈基因定位的应用现状,展望了DNA分子标记技术在小麦抗条锈病研究中的前景。