培养条件对枯草芽胞杆菌TU100产生抗菌物质的影响

以在油菜根际高效定殖的枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）TU100为材料，研究了其主要抗菌物质的代谢条件。证明其主要拮抗物质属胞外分泌型，释放到培养液中，具有耐高温特性；对油菜菌核病菌（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum）具有较高的抑制活性。细菌在28-30℃生长旺盛，产抗菌物质也较多；培养48h细菌数量达最大值，培养72h抗菌物质的产生量达高峰。培养液的初始pH值6-8有利于细菌的增殖，抗菌物质活性也最强；通气良好的条件下菌株生长好、产抗菌物质量多；培养基C/N比对菌株生长也有重要影响， C/N比为15时有利于细菌生长以及抗菌物质的积累。     

培养条件对枯草芽胞杆菌TU100生长和产生抗菌物质的影响

以在油菜根际高效定殖的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)TU100为材料,研究其主要抗菌物质的代谢条件。证明其主要拮抗物质属胞外分泌型,释放到培养液中,对油菜菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)具有较高的抑制活性。TU100在28-30℃生长旺盛,产抗菌物质也较多;培养48h数量达最大值,培养72h抗菌物质的产生量达高峰。培养液的初始pH值6-8有利于TU100增殖,抗菌物质活性也最强;通气良好的条件下TU100菌株生长好、产抗菌物质量多;培养基C/N比对菌株生长也有重要影响,C/N比为15时有利于TU100生长以及抗菌物质的积累。     

枯草芽孢杆菌防治甜菜褐斑病田间试验

1000亿活芽孢/g枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂防治甜菜褐斑病田间试验结果表明,在甜菜褐斑病发病初期施药,225g/hm2连施3次,间隔7~10d,对甜菜褐斑病有良好的防治效果。对甜菜生长安全,是防治甜菜褐斑病的理想药     

克枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂防治水稻稻瘟病试验总结

通过试验,观测不同剂量下的芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂对水稻稻瘟病的防治效果,结果表明:生物药剂克枯草芽孢杆菌对稻瘟病的防治效果及对产量的影响已经达到化学药剂的防治标准,但对于已发病的治疗效果不是很理想。克枯草芽孢杆菌在盘锦地区的常用量以10 g/667 m~2较理想。     

枯草芽孢杆菌对棉花黄萎病田间防治效果试验

在河南开封对10亿·g^-1枯草芽孢杆菌干粉种衣剂防治棉花黄萎病与促进棉花生长效果进行了田间试验研究。结果表明：“枯草芽孢杆菌”干粉种衣剂对棉花黄萎病有一定的防治效果,能够促进棉花生长和提高棉花的产量。     

48株枯草芽孢杆菌对棉花黄萎病防治效果评测

目前,枯草芽孢杆菌已广泛应用于防治棉花黄萎病,但不同菌株的防治效果（防效）参差不齐,有待进一步筛选验证。前期,本课题组从健康棉花植株和根际土壤中分离获得了48株枯草芽孢杆菌。为明确这些菌株对棉花黄萎病的防效,筛选具有优异防效的枯草芽孢杆菌菌株,采取对峙培养法、对扣培养法测定其对棉花黄萎病菌的抑制作用,并通过温室试验验证其对棉花黄萎病的防效。通过对峙培养和对扣培养筛选出18株拮抗效果较好的菌株。温室试验结果显示：无论浸种或灌根处理,EBS03、EBS07、EBS10和BS04菌株对棉花黄萎病的防效均大于55％,其中EBS03防效最好,浸种与灌根处理对棉花黄萎病的防效分别为76.31%、87.10%;此外,播种后60 d EBS03和EBS10菌株浸种处理的棉苗株高、地上部鲜物质质量、总鲜物质质量较对照分别提高78.08%和77.77%、113.33%和108.00%、107.23%和103.61%。综上,EBS03和EBS10菌株具有较好的促生长作用,并对棉花黄萎病有一定的防效,具有进一步开发应用的潜力。     

枯草芽孢杆菌Jaas ed1菌剂对棉花黄萎病的防效研究

为探讨枯草芽孢杆菌对棉花黄萎病的防治效果,加快内生拮抗细菌-枯草芽孢杆菌Jaased1菌剂防治棉花黄萎病试验示范进程,利用Jaas ed1菌剂在苗期对棉花进行灌根处理,以及现蕾初期对棉花进行灌根处理。结果表明:新型内生拮抗细菌枯草芽孢杆菌Jaas ed1能抑制棉花黄萎病的发生,特别是苗期以及现蕾初期进行药剂灌根,对预防棉花黄萎病的发生具有较好的效果,防治效果达到53.2%;同时可以促进棉花的生长,提高棉花的产量,籽棉产量、皮棉产量分别比清水对照高7.95%、8.19%。     

枯草芽孢杆菌防治稻瘟病、纹枯病药效试验总结

通过应用枯草芽孢杆菌与使百克在防治水稻稻瘟病、纹枯病的对比试验,结果表明:在水稻叶瘟、穗颈瘟发病初期各喷施一次枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂,对叶瘟、纹枯病的防治可达到78.1%和62.1%。其防效均高于使百克处理,并且安全性好,秋后测产各项经济性状均有提高,增产幅度可达到10%。     

枯草芽孢杆菌对茶树的增产效果试验

为了探明枯草芽孢杆菌对茶树的增产效果,采用芽叶称重的方法比较研究了各处理的增产效果.试验结果表明,1000亿活芽孢/克枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂(WG)A、B型600倍液对茶树的增产效果均极显著地高于清水对照,该药剂适宜作为叶面肥在茶园大面积推广应用.     

枯草芽孢杆菌对南疆棉花黄萎病、产量及纤维品质的影响

以中棉所49为供试品种,在新疆阿克苏棉花黄萎病重病地进行枯草芽孢杆菌滴灌处理防治黄萎病试验,并分析了其对产量和纤维品质的影响。结果表明：棉花黄萎病发生初期,枯草芽孢杆菌滴灌处理可使病情指数较未处理区显著降低,对黄萎病的防治效果达到40%;在黄萎病发生高峰期,枯草芽孢杆菌滴灌处理对黄萎病的防治效果不显著。枯草芽孢杆菌滴灌处理较对照,籽棉产量略增加但差异不显著,对纤维品质也无显著影响。因此,枯草芽孢杆菌在新疆阿克苏地区滴灌可以用于棉花黄萎病的防治,但应在发病高峰前施用。     

Extracellular Antimicrobial Substances Produced by Bacillus subtilis JN005 and Its Control Efficacy on Rice Leaf Blast

【Objective】The purpose of this research is to assay stability, biological activity and efficacy of the extracellular antimicrobial substances produced by Bacillus subtilis JN005 against Magnaporthe oryzae. 【Method】The antimicrobial substances produced by B. subtilis JN005 was tested using different media. The activity of extracellular antimicrobial substances of JN005 strain against M. oryzae and its efficacy on rice leaf blast were measured by dural culture, optical microscope observation, indoor detached-leaf inoculation and live inoculation.【Result】B. subtilis JN005 secreted protease, cellulase, amylase and β-1,3-glucanase and its extracellular antimicrobial substances showed inhibition activity against M. oryzae. The extracellular antimicrobial substances were stable in a wide range of pH values from 2 to 12 and at temperatures from 0℃ to 100℃. The antifungal activity was retained after treatment with proteinase K. The extracellular antimicrobial substance kept its activity even it was irradiated for 12 h under ultraviolet light or exposed to 4℃ for 3 months. The extracellular antimicrobial substances caused distortion of hyphae of M. oryzae, and hindered the germination of conidia. Indoor detached leaves inoculation of Xiangwanxian 12 showed that disease incidence was 34.07% as rice leaves were treated with 100-fold dilution of the extracellular antimicrobial substances, followed by inoculation with conidia suspension of M. oryzae (after 24 h). The control efficacy was close to that of 500 times-diluted 40% isoprothiolane EC. The disease incidence was 38.52% as rice leaves were inoculated with conidia suspension of M. oryzae and treated with 100-fold dilution of the extracellular antimicrobial substances after 24 h, significantly different from 1500 times-diluted 75% tricyclazole WP and 500 times-diluted 40% isoprothiolane EC. The potted plant experiment showed that efficacy was 75.32% as rice was inoculated with conidia suspension of M. oryzae followed by spraying 100-fold dilution of the extracellular antimicrobial substances before 24 h. The efficacy was 71.49% as rice was inoculated with conidia suspension of M. oryzae and followed by spraying of 100-fold dilution of the extracellular antimicrobial substances after 24 h.【Conclusion】The extracellular antimicrobial substances produced by JN005 strain directly inhibited mycelial growth and conidia germination of M. oryzae and it has good environmental stability. The extracellular antimicrobial substances have better preventative efficacy and therapeutic efficacy on rice blast and should be further investigated and developed as such.     

Efficacy of Bacillus subtilis MBI 600 Against Sheath Blight Caused by Rhizoctonia solani and on Growth and Yield of Rice

Rice sheath blight disease(ShB),caused by Rhizoctonia solani,gives rise to significant grain yield losses.The present study evaluated the efficacy of Integral?,the commercial liquid formulation of Bacillus subtilis strain MBI 600,against rice ShB and for plant growth promotion.In greenhouse studies,four log concentrations of Integral(from 2.2×106 to 2.2×109 cfu/mL) were used as seed treatment(ST).After 25 d,seedlings were dipped(SD) into Integral prior to transplanting.At 30 d after transplanting(DAT),leaf sheaths were inoculated with immature sclerotia of the pathogen.At 45 DAT,a foliar spray(FS) with Integral was applied to some treatments.The fungicide control was 50% carbendazim at 1.0 g/L,and a nontreated control was also included.Overall,there were 10 treatments,each with five replications.ShB severity was rated at 52 DAT,and seedling height and number of tillers per plant were rated at 60 DAT.In 2009,two field trials evaluated Integral at 2.2×108 and 2.2×109 cfu/mL.Integral was applied as ST,and seedlings were produced in a nursery bed.After 32 d,seedlings were treated with Integral as SD and transplanted into 10 m2 blocks.Foliar sprays were given at 45 and 60 DAT.There were seven treatments,each with eight replications arranged as a factorial randomized complete block design.At 20 DAT,the plots were broadcast inoculated with R.solani produced on rice grains.Seedling height before transplanting,ShB severity at 90 DAT,and grain yield at harvest were recorded.Integral at 2.2×109 cfu/mL provided significant increase of seedling heights over other treatments under greenhouse conditions.The Integral treatments of ST + SD + FS at 2.2×109 cfu/mL significantly suppressed ShB over other treatments.In field studies,Integral provided significant increase of seedling height in nursery,and number of tillers per plant,compared with the control.ShB severity was significantly suppressed with higher concentrations of Integral compared to lower concentrations.Grain yield were the highest at an Integral concentration of 2.2×109 cfu/mL.Overall,Integral significantly reduced ShB severity,enhanced seedling growth,number of tillers per plant and grain yield as ST + SD + FS at the concentration of 2.2×109 cfu/mL under the conditions evaluated.     

枯草芽孢杆菌A30菌株产生的拮抗肽的分离纯化与理化性质研究

平皿测试表明Bacillus subtilis A30菌株对多种植物病原真菌,例如水稻纹枯病菌(Rhizoctonia solani)、稻瘟病菌（Magnaporthe grisea）等有强烈抑制作用。在小区试验中A30菌液对水稻纹枯病也表现出了较好的防治效果。A30菌株培养液经硫酸铵沉淀、FPLC疏水色谱、HPLC反相色谱后,纯化得到一种拮抗活性物质,命名为P1。P1对热稳定,对蛋白酶不敏感;茚三酮反应呈阴性,用酸水解后茚三酮反应和双缩脲反应呈阳性。经LC-ESI-MS分析初步判断P1的分子量为1476.7 Da。     

生产上主要杀菌剂对稻瘟病的防效及施药时期研究

稻瘟病是最主要的世界性水稻病害,化学防治是目前最为有效的防控措施。通过室内生测和田间试验相结合的方法,测试了多个特效药剂和广谱药剂对稻瘟病的防治效果,探讨了稻瘟病的最优防治适期和穗颈瘟、稻曲病兼防的可能性。结果表明,三环唑仍然是预防穗颈瘟的特效杀菌剂,而嘧菌酯、肟菌酯·戊唑醇和嘧菌酯·苯醚甲环唑等广谱杀菌剂对叶瘟表现出更好的防控效果。始穗期是防治穗颈瘟的关键时期,在发病严重的情况下在齐穗期再施1次药是必要的。如果选用合适的药剂,破口前施药对穗颈瘟也有一定的防控作用。由于防治稻曲病的最佳施药时期是破口前,因此,一次施药兼防穗颈瘟和稻曲病是可行的。     

稗草病原菌防御性接种防治稻瘟病研究初报

 用稗草病原菌互格交链孢菌、弯孢菌、禾长蠕孢菌稗草专化型和尖角突脐孢菌在实验室人工智能气候箱防御性接种感稻瘟病的水稻品种原丰早，预接种后1、2、3、5和7 d分别挑战接种强致病力的稻瘟病菌“中A1”和“中B1”小种。结果表明，与对照相比，稗草病原菌防御接种后，稻瘟病病斑数减少，病斑减少率在35.59%~80.00%，病情指数明显降低，防效显著提高，达53.08%~81.56%。稗草病原菌挑战接种后对水稻秧苗无明显副作用。     

30%爱苗EC防治水稻稻瘟病田间药效研究

[目的]验证30%爱苗EC对稻瘟病的防治效果。[方法]以优优128为供试水稻品种,在广东潮安县水稻种植区对该药剂进行了小区药效试验。[结果]施药后各药剂均未对水稻产生明显药害。30%爱苗EC 225 mL/hm2对水稻稻瘟病的防效达85.00%,30%爱苗EC 225mL/hm2与45%硫.三环唑WP 2.1 kg/hm2混合施用对水稻稻瘟病的防效可达99.16%。[结论]30%爱苗EC及混合药剂是防治水稻稻瘟病的特效药剂。     

安徽省水稻品种(系)对稻瘟病和稻曲病的抗性评价

2013年对安徽省103份水稻品种(系)进行稻瘟病和稻曲病田间抗病性鉴定。结果表明,参试材料对稻瘟病表现抗病和中抗的分别有5份和9份,占13.59%;表现中感的有25份,占24.27%;表现感病和高感的分别有33份和31份,占62.14%。对稻曲病表现抗病和中抗的分别有6份和7份,占12.62%;中感的有55份,占53.40%;感病和高感的分别有29份和6份,占33.98%。对两种病害均能达到抗病或中抗的只有3份,分别是G优6号、Y两优1500和协优118。     

三系杂交水稻抗稻瘟病、白叶枯病育种研究进展

目前多数三系杂交稻组合抗病性较差,其抗病性受恢复系与不育系的共同影响,提高杂交稻抗性的关键是向三系亲本同步导入抗性基因.目前杂交稻的抗病育种基本立足于常规育种,但常规抗病育种方法存在一定的局限性;分子标记辅助选择在三系亲本抗病单基因导入和多基因聚合育种中均取得较大进展.针对存在的问题提出了抗病育种研究策略.