春大棚茄子微喷灌溉量探讨

为大力推广应用微喷节水灌溉技术,使大兴地区春大棚蔬菜达到节水节肥、增产增收的目的,应用微喷节水灌溉技术,拟定3种不同微喷灌溉量,对茄子的长势、产量及水分生产率等方面进行分析,从而筛选出适宜春大棚茄子的最佳灌溉量。结果表明,各处理灌水量在灌水前3 d和灌水后3 d的土壤相对含水量中,处理2(667 m~2单期灌溉23 m~3),土壤相对含水量处于80%～90%,土壤水分表现充足,且植株在长势方面表现为枝条健壮、茎杆粗壮,处理1(667 m~2单期灌水18 m~3)、处理3(667 m~2单期灌水28 m~3),土壤相对含水量评价为水量过低和过多,含水量过低使植株生长受阻,过多容易导致植株徒长,且造成水资源浪费;从产量及水分生产效率来看,处理2的667 m~2产量最高,为7 351 kg,比处理1和处理3分别提高18%和4.3%。因此,综上所述,667 m~2单期灌溉23 m~3处理可增强植株长势,提高作物产量,从而达到节本增收的目的,是本试验春大棚茄子微喷灌溉的最佳灌水量。     

灌溉方式和灌水量对梨产量和水分利用效率的影响

连续2年对8～9年生黄冠梨树采用不同灌溉方式和灌水量的试验,结果表明,树盘1/2区域交替灌溉较常规灌溉用水量减少2/5,其蒸腾速率显著低于常规灌溉,而水分利用效率显著高于常规灌溉,2者之间的光合速率、产量和单果重不存在显著差异。树盘1/2区域固定灌溉的水分利用效率介于2者之间,但产量和单果重与2者差异显著。     

不同叶面肥对芹菜产量和品质的影响

为研究不同叶面肥对芹菜产量和品质的影响,作者以黄心芹和实芹为试验材料,用磷酸二氢钾、阿米卡氨基酸叶面肥和土巴克水溶性叶面肥在3个芹菜生长点对材料进行处理开展比较试验.试验结果表明,阿米卡氨基酸叶面肥和土巴克水溶性叶面肥对黄心芹的株高、株幅、叶片数和产量的增加和提高作用明显,对实芹的产量和叶片数影响较大、对株高和株幅影响...     

膜下微喷条件下不同灌水量对小型西瓜长势及产量的影响

膜下微喷技术是大兴区应用水肥一体化技术的新模式,笔者旨在研究膜下微喷水肥一体化技术模式下西瓜全生育期的适宜水量。设置18 mm、30 mm、42 mm和常规灌溉4个不同灌水量的处理,经过生长势测量和测产结果发现,每次灌水30 mm是小型西瓜在膜下微喷条件下的适宜灌水量,产量比常规灌溉提高了5.39%,比18 mm和42 mm的处理分别提高了22.25%和5.01%。因此,在大兴地区砂质土壤下可适用30 mm的灌水量对小型西瓜进行灌溉。     

不同灌溉量对洋葱产量及效益的影响

就不同灌溉量对洋葱产量及效益的影响进行分析,希望对相关人员有所启示。     

不同灌溉条件对萝卜产量和品质的影响

研究了高畦地膜覆盖下不同灌溉条件对萝卜产量、水分利用效率、干物质、可溶性糖和蛋白积累的影响。结果表明:高畦作地膜覆盖不浇水处理在各个指标方面都高于对照,且高畦作地膜覆盖不浇水处理达到了节水、高产和萝卜肉质根品质不下降的目的。     

不同营养液配方和灌溉量对厚皮甜瓜产量及品质的影响

以"蜜世界"为试材,采用基质槽培,研究不同营养液配方和灌溉量对厚皮甜瓜生长发育、产量品质的影响,以期找出适合厚皮甜瓜生长的最佳营养液配方和灌溉量。结果表明:Hoagland和Amon配方配合每天每株450 mL灌水量有利于厚皮甜瓜的抗逆性;日本山崎配方配合每天每株600 mL的灌水量有利于叶绿素积累;日本山崎配方配合每天每株750 mL灌水量最有利于根系活力,且根冠比最大;日本山崎配方配合每天每株450 mL灌水量下的厚皮甜瓜品质最好;Hoagland和Amon配方配合每天每株750 mL灌水量产量最高,日本山崎配方配合每天每株450 mL灌水量产量次之。由此说明,适合厚皮甜瓜生长的营养液配方是日本山崎配方;适合厚皮甜瓜生长的灌水量是每天每株450 mL。     

痕量灌溉条件下不同施肥量对甜椒产量和品质的影响

为探索痕量灌溉条件下甜椒适宜的施肥量,以甜椒‘京甜3号’为试验材料,研究春季日光温室栽培条件下,痕量灌溉条件下不同施肥量对甜椒生长、产量和品质的影响。试验结果表明,常规施肥量下降25%处理产量最高,与常规施肥量和施肥量0处理相比,产量分别增加8%和27%;与常规施肥量相比,Vc含量提高8%,硝酸盐含量降低43%,品质有所提高。综合产量和品质指标,在该试验条件下,认为常规施肥量下降25%,即每次施肥112.5kg/hm2能够获得甜椒高产优质。     

灌溉方式对日光温室黄瓜不同生育期水分分配的影响

试验以津育5号黄瓜为试材,研究了基于传统畦灌的不同灌溉方式对灌溉水在黄瓜不同生育期水分分配规律的影响。结果表明:滴灌和渗灌减少了水分深层渗漏量和土面蒸发量,增加了植株蒸腾量,促使更多的水分被植株吸收利用。滴灌和渗灌分别比常规灌溉增产11.6%和15.3%,水分利用效率提高49.9%和68.7%。     

灌溉方式对春大棚黄瓜产量、经济效益和灌溉水分生产效率的影响

以"北农佳秀"黄瓜为试材,研究了不同灌溉方式对其生长、产量、经济效益和水分生产效率的影响,以期明确不同灌溉方式节水增产效果。结果表明:膜下微喷和膜下滴灌均能促进黄瓜生长,提高产量、灌溉水分生产效率、品质和经济效益。与CK(覆膜沟灌,农户常规灌溉量)相比,D1(膜下滴灌,70%常规灌溉量)、D(膜下滴灌,85%常规灌溉量)、M1(膜下微喷,70%常规灌溉量)和M(膜下微喷,85%常规灌溉量)产量分别提高34.5%、33.4%、29.1%和21.4%,处理差异显著。经济效益分别增加3.53万、3.31万、3.27万、2.20万元/hm2。在该试验条件下,综合产量、水分生产效率和经济效益等指标,建议条件较好的农业园区采用滴灌技术,生产条件相对较差的地区采用膜下微喷技术。     

Effects of deficit irrigation on biomass,yield, water productivity and fruit quality of processing tomato under semi-arid Mediterranean climate conditions

Processing tomato is a high water demanding crop, thus requiring irrigation throughout growing season in arid and semiarid areas. The application of deficit irrigation (DI) strategies to this crop may greatly contribute to save irrigation water. A two-year study was carried out in order to assess the effects of DI upon water productivity, final biomass, fruit yield and some quality traits of open-field processing tomato cv. Brigade in a typical semi-arid Mediterranean environment of South Italy. Four irrigation treatments were studied: no irrigation following plant establishment (V0); 100% (V100) or 50% (V50) evapotranspiration (ETc) restoration up to fruit maturity, 100% ETc restoration up to flowering, then 50% ETc restoration (V100-50). Total dry biomass accumulation was significantly depressed by early soil water deficit in V0; irrigation at a reduced rate (50% ETc) from initial stages (V50) or from flowering onwards (V100-50) did not induce any losses in final dry biomass. The marketable yield did not significantly differ among plots irrigated, but an averaged irrigation water saving of 30.4% in V100-50 and 46.2% in V50 was allowed as compared to V100. Marketable yield was negatively affected by the early water shortage in V0, due to the high fruit losses (>44%). The effects of DI on fruit quality were generally the converse of those on fruit yield. DI improved total soluble solids content, titratable acidity and vitamin C content. Water use efficiency was positively affected by DI, suggesting that the crop does not benefits from the water when this last is supplied to fulfil total crop requirements for the whole season. Yield response factor, which indicates the level of tolerance of a crop to water stress, was 0.49 for total dry biomass (Kss) and 0.76 for marketable yield (Ky), indicating that in both cases the reduction in crop productivity is proportionally less than the relative ET deficit. In conclusion, the adoption of DI strategies where a 50% reduction of ETc restored is applied for the whole growing season or part of it could be suggested in processing tomato, to save water improving its use efficiency, minimizing fruit losses and maintaining high fruit quality levels. This aspect is quite important in semi-arid environments, where water scarcity is an increasing concern and water costs are continuously rising.     

胶冻样类芽孢杆菌对不同施肥处理的马铃薯产量和品质的影响

以‘克新1号’马铃薯为试验材料,试验设置低、中、高3个施肥量处理,在复合肥和有机肥的基础上,每个处理中固体胶冻样类芽孢杆菌微生物菌剂设置4个不同的梯度处理,在马铃薯块茎膨大期冲施定量的液体胶冻样类芽孢杆菌微生物菌剂,探究增施胶冻样类芽孢杆菌微生物菌剂对马铃薯生长指标、产量、品质及经济效益等的影响,旨在找出适合蒲县当地的科学施肥方法,为其马铃薯的高产优质生产提供理论和生产实践依据。结果表明,适量增施微生物菌剂有利于提高马铃薯产量、品质和经济效益等指标,但高浓度的微生物菌剂却抑制马铃薯的生长,在本试验中以低肥量处理下的T2组效果最佳,其株高、出苗率、维生素C含量、产量及净利润比常规施肥组分别提高了6.83%、5.31%、92.11%、27.0%和16.94%,还原糖含量降低了18.42%,是高产优质马铃薯的科学施肥配方及标准化生产技术方案。     

叶面肥对设施番茄产量、品质及经济效益的影响

探究不同种类叶面肥对番茄植株生长势、产量、品质、商品率以及经济效益等方面的影响,为设施番茄叶面追肥提供参考依据.以番茄品种西润2007为试材,在番茄生长发育期叶面喷施5种不同叶面肥.结果表明,叶面肥均能显著促进番茄植株的生长发育,美盖美可以显著提高番茄产量,磷酸二氢钾不仅能提高番茄结果盛期和结果后期的商品率,同时也可以...     

Effects of different mulches and irrigation methods on root growth,nutrient uptake,water-use efficiency and yield of strawberry

Field studies were conducted for two consecutive years under sub-temperate climatic conditions at Nauni in district Solan of Himachal Pradesh (30°52′N, 77°11′E 1175 asl) on loamy sand Inceptisols to investigate the effect of different mulches (hay: HM, black polyethylene: BP) on root growth, nutrient uptake, water-use efficiency (WUE) and yield of strawberry cv. Chandler under drip (DI) and surface irrigation (SI) systems. Unmulch (UM) and rainfed treatments were kept as control. Higher soil moisture content was registered under both the mulch materials during entire crop growth period. However, it was greater under BP mulch as compare to HM. The moisture conservation increased by 2.80–12.80% under BP mulch as compared to UM. HM treatment, irrespective of irrigation method increased the minimum soil temperature (2.8–5.2 °C) and reduced the maximum soil temperature (2.7–5.8 °C) as compared to UM. BP mulch increased the minimum soil temperature from 0.4 to 2.5 °C. Application of irrigation moderated the soil (minimum 2.6 and maximum 1.4 °C) temperature. Both the mulch materials were effective in enhancing root growth, nutrient uptake, WUE and yield. Application of mulch enhanced the root growth (63%), nutrient uptake (179.20%), WUE (84.40%) and yield (343%) under DI. However, respective increase under SI was 23.60, 83.80, 109.40 and 219.20%. Under DI, 51% of irrigation water was saved and about 19% higher fruit yield was obtained as compared with SI treatment. Linear regression model could significantly describe the variations in nutrient uptake (N, P and K) and WUE of strawberry under sub-temperate climatic conditions, root mass density was better indicator for estimating nutrient uptake of strawberry.     

不同灌溉方式对辣椒生长、产量和水分生产效率的影响

以农大602辣椒为试材,利用张力计控制辣椒灌溉时期与灌溉量,分别研究膜下滴灌、膜上沟灌和膜下沟灌3种灌溉方式对日光温室辣椒生长及产量的影响。结果表明:膜下滴灌全生育期耗水量最少,辣椒产量和水分生产效率最高,水分生产效率较膜上沟灌、膜下沟灌分别提高2.04kg·m-3和1.81kg·m-3。综合耗水量、产量等因素,膜下滴灌是秋冬茬日光温室辣椒生产适宜的灌溉方式。     

不同灌水次数对温室黄瓜耗水规律及水分利用效率的影响

在膜下滴灌条件下.灌溉定额为600mm时,研究了不同灌水次数对日光温室黄瓜耗水规律及水分利用效率的变化规律.研究结果表明,灌水次数达18次时,黄瓜耗水强度整体随着生育期的延后逐渐增大,在结果盛期达到最大,随后逐渐下降;土壤贮水量随灌水量的增加而增加,而土壤水分的消耗则随着灌水量的增加而明显减少;灌水15～18次,既能满...     

Comparative effects of deficit irrigation (DI) and partial rootzone drying (PRD) on soil water distribution,water use,growth and yield in greenhouse grown hot pepper

This study was conducted to compare two water-saving practices, deficit irrigation (DI) and partial rootzone drying (PRD), and examine how they affected soil water distribution, water use, growth and yield of greenhouse grown hot pepper compared to commercial irrigation (CI). Control (CI) in which irrigation water was applied to both sides of the system when soil water content was lower by 80% of field capacity; deficit irrigation (DI50, DI75) in which 50% and 75% irrigation water of CI supplied to both sides of the root system; 1PRD with half of the root system exposed to soil drying and other half kept well-watered with 50% irrigation water of CI, and 2PRD with 50% irrigation water of CI supplied, half to fixed side of the root system. The results showed mean soil volumetric water content of DI75, DI50, 1PRD and 2PRD were lower by 21.06%, 28.32%, 24.48% and 34.76%, respectively than that of CI after starting the experiment. Water consumption showed some significant effect of irrigation treatments during the growing period of drought stress application, and therefore decreased in DI75, DI50, 1PRD and 2PRD to a level around 75% and 50% of CI. All the DI and PRD treatments resulted in a reduction of total dry mass of 7.29–44.10%, shoot biomass of 24.97–47.72% compared to CI, but an increase in the root–shoot ratio of 12.50–35.42% compared to the control and with significant differences between 2PRD, 1PRD, DI50 and CI. The yield of 1PRD was significantly reduced by 23.98% compared to CI (19,566 kg hm⁻²) over a period of 109 days after transplanting. However, the 1PRD treatment had 17.21% and 24.54% additional yield over the DI50 and 2PRD treatments and had 52.05% higher irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) than CI treatment. At harvest, although there was a significant difference recorded as single fruit weight and single fruit volume were reduced under the DI and PRD treatments, total soluble solids concentration of fruit harvested under the water-deficit treatments were higher compared to CI. Stomatal conductance measured in fresh leaf was the lowest under 1PRD treatment relative to CI and other treatments. The low stomatal conductance of fresh-leaf issue observed in the work supported the root signaling mechanism reported earlier in plants having undergone partial root drying cycles.