MET促根效应的研究

小麦三叶期叶面喷施ＭＥＴ，可调节根系分布，促进次生根的生长及根系的纵深生长。使０—１００ｃｍ土层根干重净增１３．８ｇ，增幅４２．８％、根冠比提高３４．７％，增产１７．７％，增强了小麦的抗旱能力。     

MET促根效应的研究

小麦三叶期叶面喷施ＭＥＴ，可调节根系分布，促进次生根的生长及根系的纵深生长，使０－１００ｃｍ土层根干重净增１３．８ｇ，增幅４２．８％，根冠比提高３４．７％，增产１７．７％，增强了小麦的抗旱能力。     

正根源生物菌肥对郁金香生物学性状和种球繁殖的影响

[目的]为了提高郁金香植株生长势和种球繁殖质量,开展不同浓度正根源生物菌肥对郁金香生物学性状和种球繁殖的影响研究。[方法]以郁金香主栽品种‘紫旗’和‘纯金’为试验材料,采用叶面喷施和灌根2种方法,分别于展叶期和摘除花蕾后施用正根源生物菌肥,正根源生物菌肥浓度设25倍、50倍、100倍、150倍、300倍和500倍6个梯度,以清水为对照,研究对郁金香生物性状的影响。[结果]施用300倍和150倍的正根源生物菌肥能够明显提高‘紫旗’和‘纯金’植株的生长势,并促进种球发育,提高种球繁殖质量,灌根对郁金香植株生物学性状和种球繁育的效果优于叶面喷施。[结论]正根源生物菌肥对郁金香植株生长和种球繁殖具有明显的促进作用。     

叶面喷施硒肥对裸燕麦产量和品质的影响

为了解裸燕麦叶面喷硒效应,以优质高产裸燕麦品种坝莜1号为材料,在三叶期、拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期前10d叶面喷施不同量硒肥,形成6个处理,分析了叶面喷施硒肥对裸燕麦坝莜1号经济性状、产量、籽实品质及硒含量的影响。结果表明,喷施硒肥对于裸燕麦的经济性状、籽粒产量、生物产量、粗脂肪含量、淀粉含量均没有显著影响(P0.05),而对籽粒粗蛋白质含量和全硒含量有显著的增加作用,其中在三叶期和拔节期喷施1号硒肥1 500g·hm-2、抽穗期和成熟期前10d喷施2号硒肥6 000g·hm-2条件下,籽粒粗蛋白含量最高,达到18.9%,但硒肥喷施量对籽粒粗蛋白含量的影响缺乏规律性。随着硒肥喷施量的增加,裸燕麦籽粒硒含量呈逐渐增加的趋势。在最大喷施量即三叶期和拔节期喷施1号硒肥2 100g·hm-2、抽穗期和成熟期前10d左右喷施2号硒肥8 400g·hm-2条件下,籽粒硒含量最高,达到83.5μg·kg-1。     

粉锈宁对花生幼苗生长、光合和呼吸的影响

用100或300ppm的粉锈宁(三唑酮)溶液喷施花生幼苗后,植株矮壮,根系较发达,根冠比大,减少叶面积,提高叶绿素含量、二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶的活性和光合速率,而呼吸速率没有很大差异,增加植株鲜重和干重,有利于作物增产。     

采种甜菜喷施"天达-2116"效果初探

采种甜菜喷施“天达-2116”试验结果表明,以4叶期喷施二次效果最好,甜菜的株高、根长、根重、叶重明显增加,母根增产达23.3%,而且施用成本低,但在使用时应注意不要与碱性物质混用,喷后8h内遇雨应补喷。     

镁及微量元素在人参上的应用效应研究初报

试验表明,人参叶面喷微量元素Fe 可促进参茎增高,叶面积增大,地上部鲜、干重增加,差异显著,并有利于参根发育;喷施 B、Fe、Mn、Zn 复合微量元素,人参单根鲜、干重分别比对照提高10%和8%。     

玉米杂交种“棒三叶”光合性状的灰色关联度分析

应用灰色关联度分析方法,对玉米杂交种“棒三叶”光合性状间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明：与玉米杂交种“棒三叶”光合速率最为相关的性状是叶长,其后依次是长宽比、叶向值、叶面积、叶片干重、叶绿素含量、叶厚、比叶重、叶宽。玉米杂交种“棒三叶”光合性状间具有复杂的相互关系。     

凯润对不同密度下夏玉米根叶衰老及子粒灌浆的影响

采用密度和化控措施,以郑单958为试材进行田间试验,分析不同密度下喷施凯润对夏玉米生育后期根叶形态及子粒灌浆的影响。结果表明,喷施凯润有助于维持玉米后期根系功能,灌浆中期67 500株/hm2密度下玉米根长、表面积、体积及根重分别增加40.37%、36.54%、37.56%、10.64%,差异显著(P0.05);喷施凯润后两个密度下玉米生育后期叶面积指数提高8.71%~71.72%,维持了后期叶片持绿性,促进群体生物量的积累,且67 500株/hm2密度下差异显著;喷施凯润后灌浆中后期子粒体积和干重增加,促进了子粒灌浆,67 500株/hm2密度下玉米穗粒数、千粒重、产量分别增加6.55%、4.06%、7.35%,其中穗粒数差异显著。分析结果表明,高密度加快夏玉米后期根叶衰老,凯润能够缓解根叶早衰,促进玉米生物量积累和子粒灌浆,喷施量为400 m L/hm2时,在67 500株/hm2密度下效果更显著。     

遮光和渍水对小麦幼苗形态和生长的影响

为了解遮光、渍水及其互作对小麦幼苗形态及生长性状的影响,以长江中下游不同年代小麦品种扬麦1号(20世纪70年代)、扬麦158(20世纪90年代)和扬辐麦4号(21世纪正在应用)为材料,通过盆栽试验研究了遮光、渍水后小麦幼苗主茎叶龄、单株茎蘖数、单株次生根数、苗高、叶面积、干物重、比叶重和根冠比的变化。结果表明,遮光处理显著延缓幼苗叶龄,抑制分蘖的发生,而渍水处理影响不显著;遮光和渍水处理均显著降低单株次生根数、叶面积、比叶重及地上部和根干重,遮光影响程度重于渍水,遮光和渍水同时处理仅对比叶重、地上部和根干重、根冠比表现出一定的累加效应。处理结束后经20d恢复,仅不遮光+渍水处理下叶龄、苗高和比叶重基本恢复到正常生长水平;不遮光+渍水处理下单株次生根数及各处理下根干重表现出恢复趋势。不同品种间幼苗形态和生长性状表现出显著的差异。扬辐麦4号和扬麦158单株次生根数和比叶重均显著高于扬麦1号。不同处理下扬辐麦4号幼苗形态和生长性状相比正常生长幼苗的变化幅度总体上小于其他品种,表现出较好的苗期抗渍及抗弱光能力。     

植物异源多倍体中特定染色体组的剥离与重建

由于异源多倍体物种的进化时间久远,难以知晓确切的二倍体亲本,现在推测的自然界现存二倍体种又经历过独立的演化,因此,通过特定的实验方法从天然的异源多倍体物种中剥离出特定染色体组并重建异源多倍体的基本种,将为研究异源多倍化过程中祖先基因组的遗传与互作提供独特的材料。现已通过不同的杂交策略,从异源六倍体普通小麦和异源四倍体种甘蓝型油菜中成功重建它们的一个基本种。例如以人工合成的芸薹属异源六倍体（如埃塞俄比亚芥与白菜杂交的AA.BBCC)为桥梁,其中的C染色体组被选择性的丢失后产生的芥菜型油菜（AA.BB）与埃塞俄比亚芥杂交形成的杂种（BBAC）自交后便可重建黑芥(BB)祖先种;将四倍体与二倍体种之一杂交后形成的同源异源六倍体（如AAAACC）连续自交,使处于同源四倍体状态的染色体组（A）快速丢失而重建另一个二倍体基本种（CC）。     

不同的光照萎凋时间对铁观音风味组分影响

光照作为重要外源信号因子参与调控乌龙茶品质特征形成。为了系统研究不同光照时间的日光萎凋对乌龙茶风味组分的影响,以铁观音鲜叶为供试材料,分析测定 5 个不同时间（0、15、30、60、120 min）日光萎凋处理制成铁观音毛茶的儿茶素、香气组分和感官品质。结果表明,乌龙茶加工过程中香气积累和儿茶素降解与日光萎凋时间延长不存在持续线性正相关关系,适度日光萎凋有利于促进清香型铁观音品质特征形成;与日光萎凋20 min 处理相比,日光萎凋 15 min 处理制成铁观音毛茶中呈花果香气味的 α-法呢烯和橙花叔醇的相对含量分别提高了 4.4%和 6.8%,与全程无光萎凋处理相比,日光萎凋 15 min 和 30 min 处理的毛茶非酯型和酯型儿茶素组分含量降低明显,下降幅度分别达到 7.26%~19.77%和 14.36%~30.09%,日光萎凋 60 min 和 120 min 叶片过度光胁迫产生红褐变,毛茶综合品质表现较差。     

Structure-Activity Relationships of the Bioactive Thiazinoquinone Marine Natural Products Thiaplidiaquinones A and B

In an effort to more accurately define the mechanism of cell death and to establish structure-activity relationship requirements for the marine meroterpenoid alkaloids thiaplidiaquinones A and B, we have evaluated not only the natural products but also dioxothiazine regioisomers and two precursor quinones in a range of bioassays. While the natural products were found to be weak inducers of ROS in Jurkat cells, the dioxothiazine regioisomer of thiaplidiaquinone A and a synthetic precursor to thiaplidiaquinone B were found to be moderately potent inducers. Intriguingly, and in contrast to previous reports, the mechanism of Jurkat cell death (necrosis vs. apoptosis) was found to be dependent upon the positioning of one of the geranyl sidechains in the compounds with thiaplidiaquinone A and its dioxothiazine regioisomer causing death dominantly by necrosis, while thiaplidiaquinone B and its dioxothiazine isomer caused cell death via apoptosis. The dioxothiazine regioisomer of thiaplidiaquinone A exhibited more potent in vitro antiproliferative activity against human tumor cells, with NCI sub-panel selectivity towards melanoma cell lines. The non-natural dioxothiazine regioisomers were also more active in antiplasmodial and anti-farnesyltransferase assays than their natural product counterparts. The results highlight the important role that natural product total synthesis can play in not only helping understand the structural basis of biological activity of natural products, but also the discovery of new bioactive scaffolds.     

Carotenoids from Marine Microalgae: A Valuable Natural Source for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases

Epidemiological studies have shown a relation between antioxidants and the prevention of several chronic diseases. Microalgae are a potential novel source of bioactive molecules, including a wide range of different carotenoids that can be used as nutraceuticals, food supplements and novel food products. The objective of this review is (i) to update the research that has been carried out on the most known carotenoids produced by marine microalgae, including reporting on their high potentialities to produce other less known important compounds; (ii) to compile the work that has been done in order to establish some relationship between carotenoids and oxidative protection and treatment; (iii) to summarize the association of oxidative stress and the various reactive species including free radicals with several human diseases; and (iv) to provide evidence of the potential of carotenoids from marine microalgae to be used as therapeutics to treat or prevent these oxidative stress-related diseases.     

A Marine λ-Oligocarrageenan Inhibits Migratory and Invasive Ability of MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells through Actions on Heparanase Metabolism and MMP-14/MMP-2 Axis

Sugar-based molecules such as heparins or natural heparan sulfate polysaccharides have been developed and widely studied for controlling heparanase (HPSE) enzymatic activity, a key player in extracellular matrix remodelling during cancer pathogenesis. However, non-enzymatic functions of HPSE have also been described in tumour mechanisms. Given their versatile properties, we hypothesized that sugar-based inhibitors may interfere with enzymatic but also non-enzymatic HPSE activities. In this work, we assessed the effects of an original marine λ-carrageenan derived oligosaccharide (λ-CO) we previously described, along with those of its native counterpart and heparins, on cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells but also of sh-MDA-MB-231 cells, in which the expression of HPSE was selectively downregulated. We observed no cytotoxic and no anti-proliferative effects of our compounds but surprisingly λ-CO was the most efficient to reduce cell migration and invasion compared with heparins, and in a HPSE-dependent manner. We provided evidence that λ-CO tightly controlled a HPSE/MMP-14/MMP-2 axis, leading to reduced MMP-2 activity. Altogether, this study highlights λ-CO as a potent HPSE “modulator” capable of reducing not only the enzymatic activity of HPSE but also the functions controlled by the HPSE levels.     

湖北省典型花生种植区土壤中黄曲霉菌分布及产毒力研究

为掌握湖北省花生种植区土壤中黄曲霉菌的分布和产毒特征,从罗田、红安、钟祥、襄阳四个典型花生种植区采集土壤样品40份,并进行黄曲霉菌分离、鉴定和产毒力研究。研究结果表明:湖北省不同花生种植区共分离鉴定到黄曲霉菌51株,土壤中黄曲霉菌落数为127.5cfu/g。不同种植区土壤中黄曲霉菌分布存在显著差异,钟祥土壤中黄曲霉菌落数最高,罗田最低;鉴定获得黄曲霉菌株中产毒菌株占96%,产毒量范围0～227.81μg/L,不产毒菌株占4%;产毒菌株分为只产AFB_1、产AFB_1+AFB_2、产AFB_1+AFB_2+AFG_1和产AFB_1+AFB_2+AFG_1+AFG_2毒素4种类型,其中以产AFB_1+AFB_2的菌株占比最高,为65%;不同种植区黄曲霉菌株产毒力研究发现,钟祥每克土壤中黄曲霉菌产AFB_1的量最高,达11 679.70μg/L。本研究可为湖北花生黄曲霉毒素污染预警和防控提供理论依据。     

Buckwheat Seed Milling Fractions: Description, Macronutrient Composition and Dietary Fibre

The structure of the mature buckwheat achene and groat is discussed in relation to milling fractions and nutritional composition. Whole groats contain 55% starch, 12% protein, 4% lipid, 2% soluble carbohydrates, 7% total dietary fiber (TDF), 2% ash, and 18% other components (organic acids, phenolic compounds, tannins, phosphorylated sugars, nucleotides and nucleic acids, unknown compounds). The composition of the milling fractions reflects the relative abundance of seed tissues. Starch is concentrated in the central endosperm. Protein, oil, soluble carbohydrates and minerals are concentrated in the embryo. Commercial «Fancy» flour, a light-coloured flour, is mostly central endosperm and contains 75% starch, 6% protein, 1% lipid, 1% soluble carbohydrates, 3% TDF, 1% ash, and 13% other components. Although the embryo traverses the central endosperm, during milling parts of the embryo separate with the aleurone and seed coat in the bran fraction. Bran, with little central endosperm, contains 18% starch, 36% protein, 11% lipid, 6% soluble carbohydrates, 15% TDF, 7% ash, and 7% other components. Buckwheat bran also is a rich source of TDF and soluble dietary fibre (SDF), particularly bran with hull fragments (40% TDF of which 25% is SDF), while bran without hull fragments has 16% TDF of which 75% is SDF.     

盐旱交叉胁迫对花生生长发育和生理特性的影响

为了探究盐旱交叉胁迫对花生生长发育的影响,以抗旱不耐盐花生品种花育22和抗旱耐盐花生品种花育25为试验材料,通过防雨棚盆栽试验研究了干旱、盐、盐+干旱、干旱后复水+盐等4种胁迫对花生产量、农艺性状、生物量、叶绿素SPAD值、丙二醛含量、活性氧清除能力及渗透调节物质含量的影响。结果显示：各胁迫处理均显著抑制了两个花生品种植株的生长和荚果产量,其中,盐胁迫对花育22生长的影响大于干旱胁迫;盐+旱胁迫下,两个花生品种受伤害程度最大,产量最低。与单一盐胁迫相比,干旱预处理提高了盐胁迫后期花生超氧化物歧化酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性,增强了植株活性氧清除能力,降低了叶片丙二醛含量,从而缓解盐胁迫对膜系统的过氧化伤害,提高了叶绿素含量,促进了植株生长,增加了干物质积累,最终提高盐胁迫下花生产量。另外,与单一盐或干旱胁迫相比,盐+旱胁迫对花育22和花育25的伤害均加重,而干旱预处理有利于2个品种在盐胁迫下活性氧代谢和光合色素的提高,促进植株的生长,提高植株对盐胁迫的交叉适应能力,从而缓解盐胁迫对花生植株的抑制作用。      

彩花油菜的创建及遗传育种进展

油菜既是重要的油料作物,也是极具观赏价值的大田作物,成片的油菜花每年吸引大量游客。近年来,随着农业旅游项目的不断研发,油菜花成为越来越重要的特色旅游资源,而且以黄色为主的菜花正在被白色、红色、紫色等彩色菜花所丰富,花色油菜种质的创制也被越来越多的育种家所突破。本文主要介绍了通过远缘杂交、原生质体融合、人工诱变、基因工程等方法获得的不同花色油菜新种质,概述了有关油菜花色的遗传机理、进化与选择等的研究进展,综述了彩花油菜育种的最新进展,并就未来发展趋势做了展望和建议。     

2个荔枝品种胚性愈伤组织诱导体胚发生过程的细胞学观察

以’新球蜜荔’和’大丁香’2个荔枝品种胚性愈伤组织为材料,利用石蜡切片技术研究了’新球蜜荔’和’大丁香’接种在TD(MS+0.1 mg/L NAA+0.5 mg/L TDZ+0.1 g/L肌醇+0.4 g/L水解乳蛋白(LH)+100 m L/L椰汁+60 g/L蔗糖+10 g/L琼脂)培养基(XQTD和DDXTD)与’新球蜜荔’接种在TX(MS+0.1 mg/L NAA+5 mg/L ZT+0.1 g/L肌醇+0.4 g/L水解乳蛋白(LH)+100 ml/L椰汁+60 g/L蔗糖+10 g/L琼脂)培养基(XQTX)上各培养物体胚发生过程中细胞学变化。结果显示:XQTD从6 d开始变褐,9 d时观察到球状凸起,石蜡切片中观察到球形胚结构,12~21 d时观察到球形胚、心形胚和鱼雷形胚等不同形态体胚;而DDXTD从9 d开始逐渐变褐,15~21 d时石蜡切片中能看到少量的球形胚和心形胚。XQTX在第12 d时观察到有完整原形成层的球形胚,21 d时石蜡切片中观察到子叶形胚。2个荔枝品种的体胚发生过程中都观察到内起源和外起源两种起源方式,体胚发生均为单细胞起源,都经历了球形胚、心形胚、鱼雷形胚和子叶形胚等相似的发育过程。