小麦苗期根系性状的全基因组关联分析与优异位点挖掘

【目的】植物根系对水分及营养的获取、作物的生长发育和产量的形成至关重要。挖掘小麦苗期根系性状显著关联的SNP位点,预测相关候选基因,为解析小麦根系建成遗传机制及选育具有优良根系构型的小麦品种奠定基础。【方法】以189份小麦品种组成的自然群体为供试材料,调查2种培养条件（霍格兰营养液和去离子水）下培育21 d的苗期根系总长度（TRL）、根系总表面积（TRA）、根系总体积（TRV）、根系平均直径（ARD）及根系干重（RDW）等5个根系性状,试验进行2次重复,同时结合小麦660K SNP芯片的分型结果进行全基因组关联分析（genome-wide association study,GWAS）。此外,通过序列比对、结构域分析和注释信息预测候选基因,并采用竞争性等位基因特异性PCR(kompetitive allele specific PCR,KASP)技术开发根系性状的分子标记。【结果】霍格兰营养液培养条件下的根系性状变异范围较大,根系整体粗短;而去离子水条件下的根系细长、侧根较多。选用贝叶斯信息与连锁不平衡迭代嵌套式模型（BLINK）、压缩式混合线性模型（CMLM）、固定随机循环概率模型（...     

不同种源滇重楼对干旱胁迫的响应分析

【目的】筛选滇重楼（Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis）抗旱种源,为滇重楼抗旱种源筛选及种质遗传改良提供理论依据。【方法】以3个种源（温带种源、南亚热带种源和北热带种源）的滇重楼为试验材料,结合单因素方差分析、相关分析、正交偏最小二乘判别分析及变量投影重要性分析,对比分析充足水分（W₀）、轻度干旱（W₁）和重度干旱（W₂）3个水分梯度下,不同种源滇重楼根茎叶性状、生物量分配及总皂苷产量等性状的变异,并对抗旱种源进行评价。【结果】单因素方差分析结果显示,土壤水分显著影响滇重楼地上、地下多个性状（P<0.05,下同）。干旱胁迫下,3个种源滇重楼的根茎、须根及茎和叶的鲜重、生物量呈明显下降趋势。随着干旱胁迫加剧,温带种源根质比降低;南亚热带种源和北热带种源根质比则呈升高趋势;所有种源中,南亚热带种源在不同土壤水分条件下的药用部位生物量（W₀:6.16±2.78 g、W₁:4.78±1.51 g和W₂:2.98±0.59 g）及总皂苷产量（W₀:60.51±28.23 mg、W₁:45.96±16.88 mg和W₂:13.62±2.51 mg）最高;相关分析结果显示,株高、茎粗、茎鲜重、茎生物量、叶鲜重、叶生物量、叶长和叶宽与滇重楼根及根茎部位的鲜重、生物量及总皂苷含量呈极显著（P<0.01）正相关;正交偏最小二乘-判别分析结果表明,所有种源W₁处理的植株根茎直径、根茎长、须根直径、须根长、须根数、茎鲜重、茎生物量、叶鲜重、叶生物量、叶片含水率、株高、茎粗、叶长和叶宽明显高于W₂处理;变量投影重要性分析结果显示,不同种源的株高、叶长、叶宽、茎鲜重、须根长、须根数的VIP值>1.0,表明上述性状对干旱胁迫较敏感。【结论】综合分析地下器官生物量和总皂苷产量,南亚热带滇重楼抗旱性最佳;其高产优质性状在未来抗旱优良种源培育中应加以关注。     

盐胁迫下调控小麦苗期性状的QTL分析

【目的】定位盐胁迫下调控小麦苗期性状的QTL位点,为分子标记辅助选择小麦耐盐性状提供基因位点和连锁标记。【方法】以小偃54×京411重组自交系群体为材料,在盐胁迫条件下检测调控小麦苗期MRL、     RDW、SDW和TDW及其相对性状的QTL位点。【结果】共检测到调控小麦苗期4个性状及其相对性状的25个QTL位点,分布在1A、2A、2D、3A、4A、4B、5B、5D、6B、7A和7B共11条染色体上,贡献率在4.4%-25.5%。其中有15个QTL位点成簇分布于3A、4A、4B、5B、5D染色体的5个遗传区间,其余10个QTL位点各自分布于不同的染色体区段。检测到的5个贡献率大于10%的位点分别位于3A染色体的Xgwm497.1-Xcfa2193和4A染色体的Xbarc78-Xgwm350.1。【结论】多数调控小麦耐盐性的QTL位点成簇分布于3A、4A、4B、5B和5D染色体上,3A染色体的Xgwm497.1-Xcfa2193和4A染色体的Xbarc78-Xgwm350.1携带所有5个贡献率在10%以上的QTL位点。     

QTL mapping of seedling biomass and root traits under different nitrogen conditions in bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

Plant nitrogen assimilation and use efficiency in the seedling's root system are beneficial for adult plants in field condition for yield enhancement. Identification of the genetic basis between root traits and N uptake plays a crucial role in wheat breeding. In the present study, 198 doubled haploid lines from the cross of Yangmai 16/Zhongmai 895 were used to identify quantitative trait loci(QTLs) underpinning four seedling biomass traits and five root system architecture(RSA) related traits. The plants were grown under hydroponic conditions with control, low and high N treatments(Ca(NO_3)_2·4H_2 O at 0, 0.05 and 2.0 mmol L~(-1), respectively). Significant variations among the treatments and genotypes, and positive correlations between seedling biomass and RSA traits(r=0.20 to 0.98) were observed. Inclusive composite interval mapping based on a high-density map from the Wheat 660 K single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) array identified 51 QTLs from the three N treatments. Twelve new QTLs detected on chromosomes 1 AL(1) in the control, 1 DS(2) in high N treatment, 4 BL(5) in low and high N treatments, and 7 DS(3) and 7 DL(1) in low N treatments, are first reported in influencing the root and biomass related traits for N uptake. The most stable QTLs(RRS.caas-4 DS) on chromosome 4 DS, which were related to ratio of root to shoot dry weight trait, was in close proximity of the Rht-D1 gene, and it showed high phenotypic effects, explaining 13.1% of the phenotypic variance. Twenty-eight QTLs were clustered in 12 genetic regions. SNP markers tightly linked to two important QTLs clusters C10 and C11 on chromosomes 6 BL and 7 BL were converted to kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP) assays that underpin important traits in root development, including root dry weight, root surface area and shoot dry weight. These QTLs, clusters and KASP assays can greatly improve the efficiency of selection for root traits in wheat breeding programmes.     

基于四交群体的玉米叶夹角和叶向值QTL定位分析

选育耐密紧凑株型是增加玉米单位面积产量的重要途径之一,而叶夹角和叶向值是衡量株型的重要参数。本研究选用叶夹角和叶向值存在差异的玉米自交系郑58、PH6WC、87-1和自330构建1个四交(郑58/豫87-1//PH6WC/自330)组合,以228个四交F1单株为作图群体,构建了1张含225个SSR位点,全长1 387.2cM的玉米分子标记遗传连锁图谱,标记间平均间距为6.19cM。基于四交群体应用区间作图法检测4个环境下的QTL,共检测到13个叶夹角相关QTL,分别位于第1、2、3、4、5、7和10染色体上,单个QTL可解释5.1%~20.0%的表型变异;检测到15个叶向值相关QTL,分别位于第1、2、4、5、7、8和9染色体上,单个QTL可解释5.4%~20.1%的表型变异。其中qLA-E2-2和qLA-E4-2落在同一标记区间umc1692-umc2297(bin 5.03),分别解释16.6%和13.2%的表型变异;qLO-E1-1、qLO-E3-2和qLA-E4-1落在同一标记区间umc1568-bnlg1953(bin1.02),分别解释10.1%、19.9%和12.3%的表型变异;qLO-E2-1和qLO-E3-1落在同一标记区间phi056-phi427913(bin 1.01),分别解释13.8%和10.0%的表型变异。这些多个环境共同检测到的QTL将为玉米耐密理想株型育种中叶夹角叶向值的分子标记辅助选择提供有益信息,加速耐密株型玉米品种的选育。     

基于90K芯片标记的小麦芒长QTL定位

【目的】麦芒对小麦的抗逆性以及穗部光合等方面具有重要影响。研究旨在挖掘控制芒长的主效QTL及与其紧密连锁或共分离的分子标记,为全基因组分子标记辅助选择育种、近等基因系的构建、候选基因的筛选以及基因克隆提供依据。【方法】以小偃81/周8425B、小偃81/西农1376这2个组合的F₉代RIL群体（分别含有102个和120个家系）为作图群体,利用覆盖小麦21条染色体组的90K标记构建2个遗传连锁图谱,于2016年10月至2017年6月将这2个F₉群体衍生的F_9﹕10群体分别种植在陕西杨凌、河南南阳和河南驻马店,小麦蜡熟期对芒长进行表型鉴定,用完备区间模型和多环境的联合分析对此性状进行QTL定位。【结果】构建了覆盖小麦21条染色体的2张遗传图谱,图谱长度分别为4 412.14和4 281.67 cM,平均遗传距离为分别为2.65和2.31 cM。2个连锁图谱的连锁标记数表明,90K标记在小麦基因组A、B和D间分布不均衡,但均表现为B基因组的标记数＞A基因组的标记数＞D基因组的标记数。对于2个连锁图谱的公共标记而言D基因组公共标记最少,从侧面反映出D基因组具有较高的保守性。2个RIL群体在陕西杨凌、河南南阳和河南驻马店3个环境下共检测到6个控制芒长的QTL。其中主效位点Qal5A-1在2个群体3种环境下都能被检测到,属于环境钝感QTL,表型变异贡献率变幅为46.01%-79.82%,对芒长具有强烈的抑制作用,加性效应来自短芒亲本小偃81,该主效QTL位点被定位在5A染色体末端,与分子标记RAC875_c8121_1147紧密连锁。另外Qal6B-1、Qal1B-1、Qal3B-1、Qal2D-1和Qal2D-2这5个QTL,分别被定位在6B、1B、3B、和2D染色体上,其表型变异的贡献率分别为1.39%、3.66%、3.93%、5.53%和3.51%,为微效QTL。小偃81/周8425B组合的RIL群体共检测的2个QTL,其中1个主效位点Qal5A-1和1个微效QTL位点Qal6B-1,2个QTL表型变异的贡献率总和为79.91%。小偃81/西农1376组合的RIL群体检测出5个QTL,1个主效位点Qal5A-1和4个微效位点Qal1B-1、Qal3B-1、Qal2D-1和Qal2D-2,5个QTL表型变异的贡献率总和为63.96%。多环境的联合分析得到了6个QTL,其互作效应的表型变异贡献率都远低于加性效应的表型变异贡献率,说明QTL与环境间的互作不是影响芒长的主要因素;加性效应值在不同的环境下近似相等,进一步表明这6个QTL在3个环境间有着稳定的遗传效应。【结论】2个群体检测到1个主效位点Qal5A-1,此位点能够稳定表达且与分子标记RAC875_c8121_1147紧密连锁,表型变异贡献率46.01%-79.82%,对芒长具有较强的抑制作用。     

玉米茎秆相关性状多效性QTL检测及相应R程序包编制

利用回归分析、似然比检验、排列检验、参数自助检验和交叉验证等统计分析方法,构建了多系杂交群体多性状QTL定位模型,并编制了配套的R语言程序包,该套模型和R程序包同样适用于两系杂交群体QTL检测和多效性QTL分析。基于本研究的模型和R程序包,以玉米自交系B73和高油突变体Ce03005为亲本产生的216个RIL群体为研究材料,对玉米茎秆相关性状进行多效性QTL检测分析,结果表明:Bin5.03区域内调控最大折断力矩MF和节间直径d的QTL,Bin6.01区域内调控单位体积中性洗涤纤维NDF和节间含水量Wwc的QTL,Bin8.03区域内影响节间干重WD和MF的QTL均为多效性QTL;在5号染色体上,调控d和NDF的QTL与调控MF和NDF的QTL均为连锁的QTL。本研究不仅为玉米茎秆性状的遗传改良提供了参考,也为其他作物遗传育种研究过程中多效性QTL检测提供了软件分析平台。     

小麦结实小穗数QTL分析

为利用分子标记辅助选择技术选育抗旱高产小麦品种提供基础,以小麦旱选10号/鲁麦14 DH群体为材料,在干旱胁迫及正常灌溉两种水分条件下于2010年和2011年考察小麦主茎结实小穗数,通过采用基于混合线性模型的复合区间作图法分析其QTL,研究控制小麦结实小穗数的数量性状基因。共检测到7个加性QTLs和2对上位性QTLs。加性QTL的LOD值介于2.56~5.08之间,分别位于2D、4A、6A和6B染色体上,对表型变异的贡献率为7.19%~13.65%;上位性QTL的LOD值分别为5.24和5.47,分别位于3A和6B与4B和5B染色体上,对表型贡献率分别为13.71%和17.93%。其中QFns-6A-2于2010年正常灌溉和2011年两种水分条件下均被检测到,可用于分子标记辅助育种。     

Construction of a genetic linkage map and QTL analysis for some leaf traits in pear (Pyrus L.)

The major incompatibility barriers to specific inbred lines and the long generation duration in Pyrus L. may hinder the Pyrus breeding process. A genetic linkage map provides the foundation for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and molecular marker-assisted breeding. In this study, we constructed a genetic map with 145 F₁ populations from a cross of two cultivars, Yali and Jingbaili, using AFLP and SSR markers. The map consisted of 18 linkage groups which included 402 genetic markers and covered 1395.9 cM, with an average genetic distance of 3.8 cM. The interval mapping was used to identify quantitative trait loci associated with four leaf agronomic traits in the F₁ population. The results indicated that four QTLs were associated with leaf length, two QTLs with leaf width, two with leaf length/leaf width, and three with petiole length. The eleven QTLs were associated with 9.9%–48.5% of the phenotypic variation in different traits. It is considered that the map covers almost the whole genome, and molecular markers will be greatly helpful to the related breeding.     

Genetic dissection of ear-related traits using immortalized F2 population in maize

Ear-related traits are often selection targets for maize improvement. This study used an immortalized F₂ (IF₂) population to elucidate the genetic basis of ear-related traits. Twelve ear-related traits (namely, row number (RN), kernel number per row (KNPR), ear length (EL), ear diameter (ED), ten-kernel thickness (TKT), ear weight (EW), cob diameter (CD), kernel length (KL), kernel width (KW), grain weight per ear (GW), 100-kernel weight (HKW), and grain yield per plot (GY)), were collected from the IF₂ population. The ear-related traits were comprised of 265 crosses derived from 516 individuals of the recombinant inbred lines (RILs) under two separated environments in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analyses identified 165 ear traits related QTLs, which explained phenotypic variation ranging from 0.1 to 12.66%. Among the 165 QTLs, 19 underlying nine ear-related traits (CD, ED, GY, RN, TKT, HKW, KL, GW, and KNPR) were identified across multiple environments and recognized as reliable QTLs. Furthermore, 44.85% of the total QTLs showed an overdominance effect, and 12.72% showed a dominance effect. Additionally, we found 35 genomic regions exhibiting pleiotropic effects across the whole maize genome, and 17 heterotic loci (HLs) for RN, EL, ED and EW were identified. The results provide insights into genetic components of ear-related traits and enhance the understanding of the genetic basis of heterosis in maize.     

利用高代回交导入系定位水、旱条件下影响水稻根系及产量的QTL

 严重的水资源危机使得水稻耐旱性的遗传与育种研究成为当今的研究热点之一。【目的】鉴定与水稻耐旱性直接相关的根系性状QTL,为通过根系性状QTL的标记辅助选择培育耐旱水稻品种提供标记信息。【方法】以从供体Lemont（粳稻）导入到特青（籼稻）背景的254个高代回交导入系中筛选出覆盖供体全基因组的55个回交导入系为材料,采用PVC管栽培,定位了灌溉（对照）与干旱（胁迫）条件下影响根系及产量性状的QTL以及胁迫与对照间性状差值的QTL。【结果】共检测到25个影响根长（RL）、根数（RN）、根重（RW）和单株粒籽产量（GY）的主效QTL,根据在不同环境下的表达情况,将其分为3类,第1类4个,在两种环境下均被检测到;第2类12个,只在对照条件下检测到;第3类9个,受干旱胁迫诱导,只在胁迫条件下被检测到。此外还检测到11个影响胁迫与对照条件下性状差值的QTL。【结论】在水、旱两种条件下均检测到的相对稳定的3个QTL（QRl2b、QRl8b、和QRn12）及影响两种条件下性状差值（即性状稳定性）的11个QTL可能对耐旱性有直接贡献。     

Mapping QTLs for stomatal density and size under drought stress in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

Stomatal density and size affect plant water use efficiency, photosynthsis rate and yield. The objective of this study was to gain insights into the variation and genetic basis of stomatal density and size during grain filling under drought stress(DS) and well-watered(WW) conditions. The doubled haploid population derived from a cross of wheat cultivars Hanxuan 10(H10), a female parent, and Lumai 14(L14), a male parent, was used for phenotyping at the heading, flowering, and mid- and late grain filling stages along with established amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP) and simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers. The stomatal density of doubled haploid(DH) lines was gradually increased, while the stomatal lengths and widths were gradually decreased during grain filling stage. Twenty additive QTLs and 19 pairs of epistatic QTLs for the 3 traits were identified under DS. The other 20 QTLs and 25 pairs epistatic QTLs were obtained under WW. Most QTLs made more than 10% contributions to the total phenotypic variations at one growth stage under DS or WW. Furthermore, QTLs for stomatal density near Xwmc74 and Xgwm291 located on chromosome 5A were tightly linked to previously reported QTLs regulating total number of spikelets per spike, number of sterile spikelets per spike and proportion of fertile spikelets per spike. Qsw-2D-1 was detected across stages, and was in the same marker region as a major QTL for plant height, QPH.cgb-2D.1. These indicate that these QTLs on chromosomes 5A and 2D are involved in regulating these agronomic traits and are valuable for molecular breeding.     

鲜食甜玉米南方锈病抗性QTL定位分析

为挖掘新的抗南方锈病基因资源,本研究以甜玉米组合M5×M114的216个F2单株为遗传作图群体,应用BSA方法从500对SSR引物中筛选出2对在F2代抗病和感病DNA池间具有多态性的引物,分别位于4和9号染色体上;在4和9号染色体上重新设计100对SSR引物,构建了包含33个标记位点总长为241.2cM的连锁遗传图,各个标记间的平均距离为7.53cM。结合F2单株对南方锈病的抗性表现,用复合区间作图法在4和9号染色体上共检测到7个显著的南方锈病抗性QTLs,其中:4个QTLs位于4号染色体上,可解释12.1%、7.8%、18.2%和14.9%表型变异;3个位于9号染色体上,分别解释17.0%、13.3%与19.2%的表型变异。研究结果可为抗南方锈病的精细定位、主效基因克隆和抗南方锈病鲜食甜玉米品种选育提供理论依据。     

基于水稻染色体片段代换系的苗期耐低氮QTL分析

【目的】通过定位与水稻Oryza sativa耐低氮相关的数量性状位点(QTL),为今后相关基因的精细定位、克隆以及功能研究奠定基础,也为耐低氮水稻品种的培育提供理论参考。【方法】以Koshihikari (受体)和Nona Bokra(供体)为亲本构建的全基因组单片段代换系作为研究材料,在水稻苗期进行低氮胁迫处理,对水稻株高、根长、根鲜质量、根干质量、茎叶鲜质量、茎叶干质量、总鲜质量、总干质量共8个表型进行相对损失比分析和QTL定位。【结果】定位到2个与水稻低氮胁迫耐受相关的位点,分别是qRL1-1和qRFW2-1,这2个QTL位点分别在低氮胁迫下控制水稻根长和根鲜质量。其中,qRL1-1定位于1号染色体M1-29标记附近,LOD值为2.89,可解释的表型变异为11.23%;qRFW2-1定位于2号染色体M2-225标记附近,LOD值为2.53,可解释的表型变异为9.90%。其他6个表型未检测到相关位点。【结论】初步定位了与低氮胁迫下控制水稻根长、根鲜质量相关基因,为进一步的基因精细定位奠定基础。     

The candidate QTLs affecting phosphorus absorption efficiency and root weight in maize (Zea mays L.)

A maize F₂ population was first used to construct a genetic linkage map of Chromosome 6 covering 117.6 cM with an average interval of 3.68 cM between adjacent markers. Based on composite interval mapping (CIM), the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for phosphorus absorption efficiency (PAE) and root-related traits was detected in four environments, i.e., Kaixian County under deficient phosphorus (KXDP), Kaixian County under normal phosphorus (KXNP), SUDP1, and SUDP2. QTLs affecting root weight (RW) were detected simultaneously at the dupssr15 locus region (bin 6.06) on Chromosome 6 in the four environments, while QTL affecting taproot length and fiber number was only detected in one or two environments. The result suggested that taproot length and fiber number were more easily affected by the environment than PAE and RW. The alleles originating from 082 increased PAE and RW on Chromosome 6. The QTL on bin 6.06 explained 4%–10% and 4%–8% of the total phenotypic variance of PAE and RW, respectively, and the estimates of the genetic effects presented dominance and overdominance. The QTL for RW in the dupssr15 locus is the minor QTLs environment interactive effects, which should be particularly useful in MAS manipulation of breeding maize.     

Multiple Interval Mapping for Whole Cocoon Weight and Related Economically Important Traits QTL in Silkworm （Bombyx mort）

A backcrossed population （BC1） derived from a cross between C100 and Dazao was obtained. The quantitative trait loci （QTLs） of the economically important traits for whole cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, ratio of cocoon shell and weight of pupae, etc., were analyzed for the first time using the multiple interval mapping software WinQTLCart2.0. In total 40 QTLs were detected and contributed to 21 groups based on the constructed linkage map. According to the mapping results, 2, 2, 3, and 2 major QTLs explained over 20% of total phenotypic variations, whereas four QTLs, namely qCW-19, qSW-2, qCSR-4, and qPW-23, explained more than 30% of total phenotypic variations for whole cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, ratio of cocoon shell and weight of pupae, respectively. Correlated traits QTLs often share the same location. Furthermore, most of the detected QTLs were closed to one-side marker. By using the very closed markers, positive QTLs can be aggregated, which can form a basis for molecular marker-assisted selection and breeding.     

Detection of Drought-Related Loci in Rice at Reproductive Stage Using Selected Introgressed Lines

The present study was carried out to illustrate high-efficient detection of quantitative trait loci(QTLs)with selected introgression lines(ILs)and the existence of'hidden genes' conferring drought tolerance(DT).52 selected DT ILs,derived from BC2F2 population developed by crossing and backcrossing the susceptible recurrent parent(RP)IR64 with the susceptible donor Khazar were planted under irrigation and drought condition.Four important agronomic traits,e.g.,grain yield(GY),heading date(HD),panicle numbers per plant(PN),and plant height(PH)were evaluated and 83 SSR polymorphic molecular markers were used for genotypic analysis.Chi-square test based on genetic hitch-hiking and one-way analysis of variances(ANOVA)were used to detect drought-related loci.Nine and 36 loci were detected by chi-square test and one-way ANOVA,respectively.Five common loci were observed by comparing the results of the two methods,among which two QTLs linked with RM7,and RM241 were detected under irrigation condition,both of the favorable alleles were from RP and explained 13%phenotypic variation(PV)for GY and 28% PV for PH,respectively.The other three QTLs linked with RM163,RM18,and RM270 were detected under drought condition,the favorable alleles were all from the donor and explained 10,24,and 19% PV for HD,PH,and PH,respectively.Five common loci were observed by comparing the results of chi-square test and one-way ANOVA including two QTLs(one for GY and one for PH)under irrigation condition and three QTLs(one for HD and two for PH)under drought condition.By combining phenotypic and genotypic analysis,drought escape could be inferred as the main mechanism for drought tolerance in the present study.The results in present study suggested that the selected ILs population analyzed by chi-square test and one-way ANOVA was quite effective for DT QTL detection with low inputs and could also produce useful materials for breeding with wide genetic diversity for drought tolerance.     

花生每荚种子数相关性状QTL的定位

【目的】花生是重要的油料作物和经济作物,高产一直是花生育种的主要目标,决定产量的因素是单位面积的种子数和仁重。单位面积种子数是种植密度、每株荚数和每荚种子数的乘积。因此,对花生每荚果种子数相关性状进行QTL分析,有助于发掘该性状相关基因/位点,为花生产量相关性状分子育种提供重要的理论依据。【方法】以四粒红×冀农黑3号构建的RIL群体为研究材料,于2018年（E1）和2020年（E2）在河北省保定市河北农业大学清苑试验站（115°30′E,38°40′N）种植鉴定,收获时调查统计单仁果数、双仁果数以及多仁果数表型值,利用河北农业大学花生创新团队实验室构建的高密度遗传图谱,采用QTL Icimapping V4.2中的完备区间作图法对2个环境下的每荚种子数相关性状进行QTL定位与分析。【结果】单仁果率与双仁果率均呈正态分布,多仁果率呈偏正态分布。3个性状的QTL定位分析结果表明,共检测到11个QTL,可解释4.66%—22.34%的表型变异,加性效应为-9.35—9.42。其中,定位到5个多仁果率QTL,可解释3.19%—22.34%的表型变异,有1个QTL的加性效应为负值（-4.77）,来自冀农黑3号,其余4个QTL的加性效应为正值（3.59—9.42）,均来自母本四粒红;定位到2个单仁果率QTL,可解释4.97%—6.43%的表型变异,加性效应均为负值（-4.45和-4.54）,均来自冀农黑3号;定位到4个双仁果率QTL,可解释3.46%—20.87%的表型变异,加性效应均为负值（-9.35—-3.84）,均来自冀农黑3号。这些QTL中,6个为主效QTL,其中,qRMSPA05被重复检测到,且可遗传表型变异为16.58%—17.34%,加性效应为7.69—8.12。【结论】定位6个主效QTL和1个主效稳定的多仁果率QTL,有助于改良花生产量性状,可以作为遗传改良的重要候选区段,用于分子标记辅助选择与精细定位研究。     

硬粒小麦与野生二粒小麦重组自交系群体穗部性状的QTL定位

野生二粒小麦是现代栽培小麦的祖先种,含有极为丰富的遗传多样性。本研究利用来自以色列Gitit的野生二粒小麦G18-16与来自欧洲的硬粒小麦栽培品种Langdon杂交构建的重组自交系F6代152个家系,进行了抽穗期、单株有效穗数、穗粒数、穗长、芒长等数量性状基因位点(QTL)分析,发现全部家系在5个性状上表现出宽广的遗传差异。14个穗部性状加性QTL被定位,LOD值为1.9~13.4,贡献率为7.3%~54.2%。控制抽穗期的QTL共3个,定位在3A(2个)和7B上;在2A(2个)和5A上共找到3个控制穗粒数的QTL;在5B上找到2个控制单株有效穗数的QTL;控制穗长的3个QTL分布在5A(2个)和7A上;在4B,5A和7A上共找到3个控制芒长的QTL。获得的QTL可用于今后分子标记辅助育种改良现代栽培小麦。     

四倍体小麦胚大小性状QTL定位与分析

【目的】挖掘小麦胚大小性状相关的数量性状位点，解析胚大小与其他重要农艺性状之间的相关性，为胚相关性状QTL的精细定位及育种利用奠定基础。【方法】以四倍体小麦矮兰麦（Ailanmai）和野生二粒小麦（LM001）构建的121份F8代重组自交系群体（AM群体）作为研究材料，将其分别种植于成都市崇州试验基地（2018、2019和2020年）、成都市温江区试验基地（2020年）和雅安市试验基地（2020年），调查5个环境下的胚长、胚宽、胚长/胚宽、胚长/粒长、胚宽/粒宽以及胚面积6个性状，结合基于小麦55K SNP芯片构建的遗传连锁图谱对上述6个性状进行QTL定位。【结果】胚大小性状呈近似正态分布，符合数量性状的遗传特征。QTL定位共检测到27个胚大小相关性状的QTL，其中，7个分别控制胚长和胚宽的QTL可解释7.75%—21.74%和7.67%—33.29%的表型变异，共检测到5个在多环境稳定表达的主效QTL:QEL.sicau-AM-3B、QEW.sicau-AM-2B、QEW/KW.sicau-AM-2B、QEL/EW.sicau-AM-2B-1和QEA.sicau-AM-2B，其贡献率...