浸种处理对闽引羽叶决明种子萌发的影响

研究了温水、98%硫酸浸种对闽引羽叶决明种子萌发的影响,结果表明,未浸种闽引羽叶决明种子硬实率达87.7%,初始温度100℃温水浸种5～30 min,种子硬实率降至9.7%～13.0%,种子发芽率、发芽势分别上升至87.0%～90.3%和85.0%～88.0%,发芽指数达48.2～56.5,明显优于其他温水浸种处理。98%硫酸浸种10 min,种子硬实率低于2.0%,种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数最高,分别为98.3%,97.3%和87.0%。     

Electrocardiography of the normal domestic pet rabbit

To establish a well-tolerated technique for recording electrocardiograms (ECGs) and a reference range for the normal pet rabbit ECG, 46 healthy pet rabbits were studied. The following reference ranges were calculated. Heart rate was 198 to 330 bpm. P waves had a duration of 0.01 to 0.05 seconds and an amplitude of 0.04 to 0.12 mV. The P-R interval was 0.04 to 0.08 seconds and the duration of the QRS complex was 0.02 to 0.06 seconds. The amplitude of the R wave was 0.03 to 0.39 mV. The Q-T interval was 0.08 to 0.16 seconds. The amplitude of the T wave was 0.05 to 0.17 mV. Mean electrical axis was found to be -43° to +80°. Evidence of variation due to breed or bodyweight was not found to be significant, except for a quadratic relationship between R wave amplitude and bodyweight. The ECG recording technique used in this study for pet rabbits was well tolerated and shown to be both reliable and repeatable.     

影响江苏地区荷斯坦牛体细胞数变化模式的非遗传因素分析

旨在探究江苏地区荷斯坦牛体细胞数变化模式的影响因素。本研究通过对江苏地区12个奶牛场2017—2019年荷斯坦牛253 706条DHI测定日SCC记录进行分析，在划分9种SCC变化模式基础上，利用最小二乘法探究不同牧场规模、胎次、产犊季节、产犊间隔和305天产奶量对荷斯坦牛SCC变化模式的影响。结果表明，SCC模式在各因素不同水平间分布均有极显著差异（P<0.01）。其中，较低-维持模式在5 000头以上的牧场比例最高，较低-感染模式的比例最低；感染-维持模式在1 000头以下的牧场比例最高，较低-维持模式的比例最低。较低-维持模式在1胎牛的比例最高，感染-痊愈模式的比例最低；较低-感染模式在5胎牛的比例最高，较低-维持模式的比例最低。较低-感染模式在春季产犊时奶牛的比例最高，较低-维持模式的比例最低；易感-降低模式在夏季产犊时奶牛的比例最高，较低-感染模式的比例最低。较低-感染模式在产犊间隔为441 d以上的奶牛比例最高，较低-感染模式在产犊间隔为300~400 d的奶牛比例最低。较低-感染模式在305天产奶量为3 000~5 000 kg的奶牛比例最高；较低-维持模式在305天产奶量为9 001~11 000 kg的奶牛比例最高，感染-痊愈模式的比例最低。上述结果表明，不同牧场规模、胎次、产犊季节、产犊间隔和305天产奶量对荷斯坦牛SCC变化模式的分布均有一定影响，该结果为荷斯坦牛隐性乳房炎的预测提供了参考。     

母猪生产性能的常用临床研究方法比对分析

母猪是生猪养殖中关键的一个组成部分,对其生产性能进行临床研究可提高生产效率。结合循证医学知识以及生猪养殖状况,对常用的临床研究方法进行比对和分析,发现随机对照试验的证据等级高、可靠性好,但成本较高,适合于大型企业应用;队列研究证据可对疫苗药物的不良反应以及生产措施开展评价、证据等级较高,成本较低,值得广泛采用;病例对照研究成本低、时间短、容易被基层员工理解,但易产生偏倚,证据等级较低;横断面研究常与统计盘点相结合、应用较广泛,但因果关系可靠性差;病例报告容易操作,对员工文化水平要求低,可应用于基层部门的经验交流,并其具有高度选择性,但推广价值较低。     

Analysis of Non-genetic Factors Affecting SCC Change Pattern of Holstein Cows in Jiangsu Province

The objective of this study was to explore the influence factors of SCC change pattern of Holstein cows in Jiangsu. Based on the division of 9 SCC change patterns, 253 706 DHI records of Holstein cows from 2017 to 2019 in 12 dairy farms in Jiangsu province were analyzed, and the least squares model was used to explore the influence of different farm size, parities, calving seasons, calving intervals, and 305-days milk production on SCC change pattern. The results showed that the distribution of SCC patterns at different levels of each factor was significantly different (P<0.01). Among them, the percentage of lower to maintain pattern was the highest, and lower to infection pattern was the lowest for cows in farm with more than 5 000 cows. The percentage of infected to maintain pattern was the highest, and lower to maintain pattern was the lowest for cows in farm with less than 1 000 cows. The percentage of lower to maintain pattern was the highest, and infected to healed pattern was the lowest for cows with parity 1. The percentage of lower to infection pattern was the highest, and lower to maintain pattern was the lower for cows with parity 5. The percentage of lower to infection pattern was the highest, and lower to maintain pattern was the lowest for cows calving in spring. The percentage of susceptible to reduce pattern was the highest, lower to infection pattern was the lowest for cows calving in summer. The percentage of lower to infection pattern was the highest for cows with calving interval more than 441 d, and lowest for cows with calving interval with 300-400 d. The percentage of lower to infection pattern was the highest for cows with 305-days milk production of 3 000-5 000 kg. The percentage of lower to maintain pattern was the highest, and infected to healed pattern was the lowest for cows with 305-days milk production was 9 001-11 000 kg. The results indicate that different farm sizes, parities, calving seasons, calving interval, and levels with 305-days milk production have certain influences on the distribution of the SCC change patterns in Holstein cows. The results provide references for the prediction of subclinical mastitis in Holstein cows.     

细口杯环线虫形态学和分子特征分析

为探讨细口杯环线虫(Cylicocyclus leptostomum)的分类地位和系统发育关系,本试验利用数码显微镜对细口杯环线虫进行了形态观察,运用PCR扩增其核糖体DNA内部转录间隔区(rDNA-ITS)序列,并从GenBank中下载12种圆线虫的ITS序列,以马圆形线虫(Strongylus equinus)为外群,运用最大似然法(maximum likelihood,ML)构建系统发育树。结果显示,细口杯环线虫中等大小,口囊呈圆柱形,宽度大于深度,口囊底部有小齿;口囊壁前端薄,后端基部有明显的环箍形增厚;外叶冠由20～24个小叶组成,内叶冠由50～60个小叶组成;食道漏斗较小;雄虫生殖锥较长,呈圆锥形;雌虫尾部直,尾尖呈指形;所测ITS序列总长度为837bp,其中ITS1长366bp,5.8S长153bp,ITS2长318bp;ITS1的GC含量(46.0%)明显高于ITS2(39.8%);经BLAST同源性比对分析,本研究线虫ITS序列与GenBank上登录的同种线虫序列(登录号:AJ004849、Y08587)同源性达99.85%,与阿氏杯环线虫的同源性达99.0%,与杯环属内其他线虫的同源性仅为93.33%～98.45%;ITS序列种间差异远大于种内差异;系统进化分析显示,细口杯环线虫与阿氏杯环线虫的亲缘关系较近,而与杯环属内其他线虫的亲缘关系相对较远。综上所述,ITS序列可作为鉴定寄生线虫的分子遗传标记,证实所采标本是细口杯环线虫,并首次在国内报道了细口杯环线虫的ITS序列,为该线虫的进一步研究奠定基础。     

Ex Vivo Assessment of an Ultrasound‐Guided Injection Technique of the Navicular Bursa in the Horse

Synovitis of the navicular bursa is common in performance horses. The objective of this study was to describe an ultrasound‐guided technique to inject a distended navicular bursa and to evaluate its feasibility for use by a clinician not trained in the technique. Twenty distal limbs of horses of various breeds and sizes were used. To produce synovial distension, the navicular bursa of each limb was injected with contrast medium using a lateral approach and radiography was performed to confirm that the contrast medium was distending the bursa. The digit was positioned with the distal interphalangeal joint in hyperextension. A microconvex ultrasound probe was placed in the hollow of the pastern, palmar to the middle phalanx and the region was assessed in a transverse plane slightly oblique to the horizontal plane. The ultrasound probe was rotated to visualize both the lateral and medial recesses and to select which side was more distended to inject. A 21G 0.8 × 50 mm needle was inserted abaxially to the probe in the plane of the ultrasound beam into the proximal recess of this navicular bursa and a methylene blue solution was injected. Following injection, dissection was performed to assess whether the navicular bursa had been successfully injected. This ultrasound‐guided technique was reliably performed with a success rate of 68%. The success of injection is influenced by hyperextension of the foot, quality of ultrasound images and degree of distension of the bursa.     

河南省陆地植被净第一性生产力估算及其时空分布

基于地理信息系统和卫星遥感技术,利用地面气象数据和MODIS数据,同时考虑河南省自身实际地理和植被覆盖情况,在对最大光利用率和水分胁迫系数的获取进行改进的基础上,利用CASA模型对河南省植被净第一性生产力（NPP）进行了估算,并分析了其时空分布。结果表明,2008年河南省NPP生产量为34.87 Mt C,NPP空间分布和植被类型有密切关系,森林植被最大,然后依次是灌丛、草地、农田等。12、1和2月NPP最小,植物基本停止生长,植被的NPP只占全年的1.38％;5、7和8月的NPP最大,占全年总量的56.84％。与Miami、Montreal、Chinkugo模型相比,本研究结果和Miami模型结果最为接近,植被类型NPP均值排序和Chinkugo模型相似;与实测数据对比结果显示,模拟值接近于实测值,说明模型适用于河南省NPP的模拟。     

不同季节蛋种鸡产蛋性能的测定分析

以海兰褐蛋种鸡为观察对象,从122日龄开始到429日龄结束,收集7 520只蛋种鸡1个产蛋年（2014年1月—12月）的产蛋资料,分析得出每月的产蛋率、破蛋率等相关数据,对12个月的数据进行统计分析。结果表明,产蛋率以春季最高,秋季最低;种蛋合格率冬季最高,秋季最低;料蛋比以冬季最高,春季最低;破蛋率以夏秋两季最高,冬季最低;死淘率以秋季最高,冬季最低。     

The half-life of bovine (incomplete) antibodies to Brucella abortus.

The half-life of bovine immunoglobulins was established in a group of 60 calves suckled on non-infected dams immunised with antigens to Brucella abortus. The half-life of the "incomplete antibody" as determined by the anti-bovine globulin test was 20.9 days. Up to 45 days, the mean half-life of antibodies in the calves was 17.1 days; from 46 to 99 days it was 21.1 days and for periods exceeding 100 days it was 24.4 days. In 39 calves born of and suckled on infected dams the mean half-life of antibodies was 22.4 days. Up to 100 days the figure was 19.5 days; over 100 days it was 22.8 days. There was no significant difference in the mean half-life of antibody between calves from infected and non-infected dams. In both cases the antibodies appear to be catabolised at a progressively slower rate.     

Angiotrophic intravascular lymphosarcoma presenting as bi-cavity effusion in a dog

A 9-year-old German Shepherd cross was presented with a history of dyspnoea, decreased activity, episodic collapse and abdominal distention. Cytological examination of thoracic and abdominal fluid demonstrated neoplastic cells, either round or mesenchymal in nature. The dog was found to have a mass in the heart-base region. Exploratory thoracotomy was performed to identify the exact nature of the mass histologically, and to determine if it was the source of neoplastic cells seen in the effusions. Histological diagnosis of the mass was mesothelioma. Postoperatively the dog developed thrombocytopenia, probably immune-mediated, which was treated with prednisone therapy. The dog developed signs of respiratory distress shortly before discharge and, due to its deteriorating condition, was euthanased. A necropsy was performed and tissues were collected for histological examination. The histological diagnosis was angiotropic intravascular lymphosarcoma. Diagnosis of mesothelioma was not confirmed.     

雌二醇多克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

制备雌二醇完全抗原,并通过免疫家兔得到多克隆抗体,为下一步制备雌二醇单克隆抗体和雌二醇检测ELISA试剂盒奠定基础。试验以牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、卵清蛋白(OVA)为载体,采用碳化二亚胺法,合成了雌二醇(E2)的2种免疫偶合物:免疫原E2-BSA和包被原E2-OVA;通过紫外光谱定性证明偶合物偶联成功与否,并对偶合物的蛋白含量、结合比进行测定并以免疫原E2-BSA免疫家兔,制备多克隆抗体,用包被原E2-OVA进行ELISA,对多克隆抗体特异性及效价进行检测。结果表明成功合成了雌二醇人工抗原即免疫原E2-BSA和包被原E2-OVA,二者的蛋白浓度分别为5.455和7.533mg/mL,结合比分别为7:1和8:1;制备的多克隆抗体特异性好,血清效价为1:106。     

鸭疫里默氏菌的分离培养和PCR鉴定

对某鸭场送检的发病雏番鸭进行临床症状、病理变化观察、病原的分离和纯化,同时以外膜蛋白(OMPA)保守区设计一对特异性引物,PCR扩增,回收目的条带,进行测序与序列分析.结果表明,该菌为革兰氏阴性、无芽孢小杆菌,在TSA培养基上形成光滑圆形透明菌落,有荧光,不发酵糖,初步怀疑为鸭疫里默氏菌;PCR扩增,琼脂糖凝胶电泳,在600 bp处扩增出了一条清晰的条带,回收目的条带,测序,并与genebank中序列比对,确诊该菌为鸭疫里默氏菌.     

Renal osteosarcoma in a dog

A seven-and-a-half-year-old dog presented with anorexia, lethargy and haematurla. A 1.8 kg abdominal mass was excised and determined to be a primary renal osteosarcoma. Haematuria was observed five months after surgery and the tumour was radiographically determined to have recurred locally. The dog was euthanased 12 days later due to refractory pain and anorexia. Although osteosarcomas are expected to develop distant metastases, this dog was euthanased due to clinical evidence of local tumour recurrence. Haematuria was an indication both of initial tumour development and later recurrence.     

Surgical technique to cannulate the rete testis of the goat

A surgical technique was devised to collect rete testis fluid from 14 mature goats. The tubular portion of the extratesticular rete testis was cannulated where it penetrated the tunica albuginea of the testis under the center of the head of the epididymis. The tip of the cannula was sutured in place in the extratesticular rete testis and the opposite end was passed through the scrotum and into a plastic collection bottle. The bottle was glued to pillow ticking, which was sutured to the scrotum. Continuous flow of rete testis fluid occurred for 0 to 14 days and was usually terminated by a sperm clot in the cannula. The flow rate was 0.59 +/- 0.37 ml/hr.     

穿心莲内酯纳米混悬剂的制备与评价

为优选穿心莲内酯纳米混悬剂的制备工艺并进行初步评价,试验以二甲基亚砜为溶剂、水为反溶剂,采用反溶剂法制备穿心莲内酯纳米混悬剂(ANDRO-NS),以得率为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化了ANDRO-NS的制备工艺,并进行验证试验,采用透射电镜、激光粒径仪对所制备的纳米混悬剂进行表征。结果显示:1%吐温-80混和0.05%泊洛沙姆为稳定剂,药物浓度为40 mg/mL,反溶剂和溶剂的体积比为20,搅拌速率为1400 r/min,搅拌时间为80 min,制得的ANDRO-NS平均粒径为568.51±13.74 nm,粒径合适,稳定性良好。试验表明,采用反溶剂沉淀法制备的ANDRO-NS工艺简单,值得进一步研究。     

布鲁氏菌分泌蛋白BspD多克隆抗体制备及其生物信息学分析

本研究旨在获得布鲁氏菌BspD蛋白,制备其多克隆抗体,并分析其潜在生物学功能。根据流产布鲁氏菌（Brucella abortus）2308的BspD基因序列（GenBank登录号：NC_007618.1）获得BspD基因序列,对布鲁氏菌BspD氨基酸序列进行生物信息学分析,然后将目的基因嵌入pMD19-T载体,使用限制性内切酶切下目的基因重组入pET-28a（+）载体,构建pET28a-BspD重组载体,经过双酶切、测序验证后,IPTG诱导表达菌株,SDS-PAGE法鉴定BspD的表达,His标签蛋白纯化柱纯化BspD蛋白,BCA试剂盒检测蛋白浓度。用纯化BspD蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔,Western blotting鉴定多克隆抗体的特异性,间接ELISA法检测抗体的效价及反应原性。结果表明,成功表达出37 ku BspD蛋白,BCA方法测得纯化BspD浓度为2 000 μg/mL;Western blotting结果显示制备的抗体具有良好的特异性,间接ELISA检测出BspD多克隆抗体的效价为1：12 800,成功制备出BspD多克隆抗体,但其反应原性较低。生物学信息分析得出BspD蛋白具有亲水性,存在跨膜区,无信号肽,有17个磷酸化位点和11个抗原决定簇,BspD蛋白二级结构以α-螺旋为主,达到86.80%,还存在少量延伸链、无规则卷曲、β-折叠等;在线软件Phyre 2构建BspD三级结构证实其多为α-螺旋。以上结果可为进一步研究布鲁氏菌分泌蛋白BspD的功能及分子机制提供参考。     

亚高山草甸类草地牧草生长发育与气象条件的关系研究

利用亚高山草甸类草地牧草生长发育定位观测资料和对应气象观测资料,分析牧草生长发育与气象条件的关系,结果表明,研究区域主要禾本科牧草返青到籽实成熟需140～150 d,≥0 ℃积温1 000～1 200 ℃,降水量400～450 mm,日照时间1 000～1 100 h;牧草在返青后64 d开始,由缓慢生长转为迅速生长阶段,在返青后的第88天,生长速度最快。返青后112 d开始,其生长从迅速生长又转为缓慢生长。气温对牧草产量形成在返青到抽穗期、枯黄期为正效应,其中,拔节到抽穗期、籽实成熟期牧草产量形成对气温变化十分敏感;降水量对牧草产量形成除籽实成熟期为负效应外,其余时段均为正效应,在禾本科牧草分蘖拔节期牧草产量形成对降水量变化十分敏感。日照时间对牧草产量形成影响在返青到分蘖期、籽实成熟期到黄枯期为正效应,拔节到开花期为负效应;抽穗期牧草产量形成对日照时间变化十分敏感。     

Uterine torsion diagnosed in a mare at 515 days' gestation

A pregnant mare with a history of prolonged gestation (～515 days) and suspected diagnosis of fetal mummification was examined. Rectal palpation revealed that the left broad ligament of the uterus was dorsal and medial to the right uterine ligament and it was not possible to observe the cervix during vaginal examination. Transabdominal ultrasound revealed fluid in the uterus, fetal membranes and the uterine walls defined and thickened. Free fluid was not seen in the peritoneal cavity. Laboratory tests (blood cell count and clinical chemistry) were normal. Based on clinical history, physical examination and ultrasound findings, a chronic uterine torsion with fetal death was diagnosed and the mare was subjected to exploratory celiotomy. The uterus was strongly adhered to the peritoneum of the ventral abdominal wall and there were multiple adhesions to the colon. Hysterotomy was performed to remove the fetus and to permit repositioning of the uterus. When the fetus was removed, a large devitalised grey tissue area of the right ventral uterine horn was observed. Multiple adhesions prevented a rescue hysterectomy and euthanasia of the patient was performed. During the necropsy, a 180° cranial cervix clockwise uterine torsion was observed. This rare case of uterine torsion appears to be the most chronic case reported in the equine literature.