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本研究通过mtDNA序列多样性分析了安徽省地方鸭种巢湖鸭和枞阳媒鸭两个类群的遗传多样性及遗传关系.通过对巢湖鸭、枞阳媒鸭保种群体和枞阳媒鸭怀宁群体3个群体共计85个个体进行mtDNA D-loop区610 bp序列进行测序,共获得了24种单倍型.分析结果表明:巢湖鸭单倍型多样度和核苷酸多样度分别为0.756和0.01115,遗传多样性最高,枞阳媒鸭保种群体次之,分别为0.552和0.00176,枞阳媒鸭怀宁群体遗传多样性最低,分别为0.515和0.00140.系统进化分析结果表明:巢湖鸭与枞阳媒鸭两个群体间遗传关系较远,枞阳媒鸭两个群体间遗传关系最近,但是出现了群体分化的趋势.本研究中枞阳媒鸭两个群体由于其地域差异以及后期进行人工选择导致这两个群体有较大的差异,可以作为两个类群进行研究和开发利用. 相似文献
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枣庄黑盖猪与引进猪遗传关系分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
枣庄黑盖猪是存养历史悠久的一个山东地方猪群体,对其遗传多样性、群体结构及其杂交特性缺乏了解。研究针对枣庄黑盖猪核心群体,采用Illumina Porcine SNP55芯片检测全基因组范围内SNP遗传标记,分析枣庄黑盖猪的遗传多样性、群体结构及其与山东省主要引进猪之间的遗传关系。研究结果表明:1)枣庄黑盖猪群体内多样性较高,群体内遗传多样性丰富;2)枣庄黑盖猪与5个引进猪种存在大的遗传分化,枣庄黑盖猪与巴克夏猪群体遗传距离和净遗传距离最大,与长白猪的遗传距离和净遗传距离最小;3)群体结构分析表明,枣庄黑盖猪在系统发生树上单独聚类成一个分支,特征性亚群在群体中所占比例为0.826,故枣庄黑盖猪具有自己独特的遗传特征,是一个受引进猪影响较小的地方猪群体。 相似文献
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MyoD基因在不同猪种中的分布及群体遗传结构分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用RFLP法检测了MyoD基因在10个中外猪种及部分杂交群体中的分布情况,分析了各群体内MyoD基因的遗传分布、遗传变异、群体杂合性等群体遗传信息,并进一步以各群体基因频率为基础,计算出群体间遗传距离和进化距离,根据进化距离对群体进行聚类,重建了系统发生树。结果表明:MyoD基因内含子1的DdeI酶切位点上不同基因型的分布在多数群体中都服从Hardy-Weinberg平衡,但在杜洛克和DLY群体中发生偏离。总体上讲,各试验群体的遗传多样性较丰富,群体遗传变异性较高,进化过程中受到自然选择压的作用,选择潜力较大。在系统发生树上,10个群体被分为4个分枝。分别是长白猪血缘、原始地方品种、杜洛克血缘和高原藏猪分枝。这一结果与各猪种的育种过程有较高的吻合性。说明部分功能基因的RFLP数据可用于近缘物种间的遗传分化研究。 相似文献
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为了更好地了解青峪猪在世代更替过程中遗传结构的变化,更好的保护和利用青峪猪遗传资源,本研究利用50K SNP芯片,对青峪猪保种群内141头(26头公猪,115头母猪)健康成年个体进行SNP测定,通过多种分析软件对青峪猪保种群体和各个世代进行系谱校正,进而实施群体遗传多样性、遗传距离以及遗传结构变化等分析。结果显示,该封闭保种群由3个重叠世代构成,群体有效含量为12头,且整个群体可以分为6个含有公猪的家系和1个不含公猪的家系。其中,第3世代的有效群体含量最少,仅为3头,多态性标记比例随着世代的增加不断下降;141头青峪猪的平均遗传距离为(0.260 4±0.025 2),26头种公猪的遗传距离为(0.263 3±0.023 7)。随着繁殖世代的增加,各世代群体的遗传距离有轻微的上升趋势,部分种猪之间的亲缘关系和遗传距离较近;在141头青峪猪群体中共检测到1 481个基因组上长纯合片段(runs of hemozygosity,ROH),78.01%的长度在200 Mb以内,基于ROH值计算的近交系数表明整个群体的平均近交系数为0.055,且各世代的近交系数在不断上升,到第3世代时已经达到了0.075。综上所述,通过对青峪猪分子水平的群体遗传结构研究表明,该保种群体在闭锁的继代繁育过程中存在群体遗传多样性损失,需要加强选配或导入外血以确保青峪猪遗传资源的长期保存。 相似文献
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结构基因座和微卫星标记应用于绵(山)羊群体遗传分化的比较研究 总被引:10,自引:4,他引:6
对湖羊、同羊及长江三角洲白山羊的随机样本分别进行14个结构基因座和7个微卫星标记的遗传检测,比较由两种遗传标记获得的群体基因平均杂合度(H)、多态信息含量(PIC)及群体有效等位基因数(Ne);分别根据两种类型的基因频率资料,计算3个群体间的标准遗传距离并加以比较。结果表明:由微卫星等位基因频率获得的群体基因平均杂合度、多态信息含量及有效等位基因数显著大于结构基因座获得的,但在三群体中变化趋势是一致的;由结构基因座资料计算的3个群体间标准遗传距离为0 0268~0 2487,微卫星标记资料计算的3个群体间标准遗传距离为:0 2321~1 2313,绵山羊间显著大于绵羊群体之间。提示:结构基因座和微卫星标记一致揭示3群体内的遗传变异;同羊>湖羊>长江三角洲白山羊;微卫星标记较结构基因座标记更能表达近缘种间进化趋异水平,可将FCB11、MAF33、AE101、FCB128及FCB304位点作为研究绵山羊近缘种间遗传分化的标志性位点。 相似文献
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国家水禽基因库七个家鸭群体遗传多样性检测 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
试验通过微卫星标记对国家水禽种质资源基因库保存的7个家鸭保种群体的保种效果进行了遗传检测。结果表明:28个微卫星位点中有25个高度多态位点,可作为有效遗传标记用于各群体的遗传检测。7个鸭群体中,平均杂和度范围是0.5137~0.6035,最高的是荆江麻鸭,最低的是山麻鸭,反映了各鸭群体保持了较丰富的遗传多样性。Ds遗传距离表明各品种间的遗传距离较远,巢湖鸭与金定鸭之间最远,为0.8835;金定鸭与山麻鸭最近,为0.2674。7个家鸭群体间的Ds值都比较大,说明各群体间的基因交流较少。上述结果反映了在国家水禽种质资源基因库所保存的7个地方鸭群体的保种方法良好,保种效果有效。 相似文献
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A. T. B. EDNEY 《The Journal of small animal practice》1987,28(11):1004-1008
The purpose of this paper is to explain what the ‘Selectadog’ programme is, to emphasize some things it is not, to show what it is for and who benefits, to detail the forms that it is in, to give some indication as to how it works and to relate some of the experiences of using ‘Selectadog’ in the United Kingdom and elsewhere since 1975. ‘Selectadog’ is a programme designed to match up the characteristics of the more popular breeds of dog to the circumstances of potential owners, as identified by means of a questionnaire. Its purpose is to give guidance to people thinking about getting a dog and above all to make them think through the points they should be considering about fitting a new dog into their lives. At best and it is quite a good best, it can give the prospective owner a number of leads and a positive starting point. It also provides a good deal of free advice and information to allow the new owner to begin a prolonged period of responsible pet animal ownership, without putting them off unnecessarily. 相似文献
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K V Nordlund 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》1989,5(3):501-515
The concept of dairy production medicine has matured. The programs are probably essential for our profession to remain relevant to the dairy industry. Yet delivery of the services has lagged far behind the concept. Delivery lags because it is not simply the addition of some new techniques to an old practice; development of production medicine programs requires fundamental changes in the skills we bring to our work, changes in the way we relate to our clients and our community, and changes in the priorities that shape our practices. That is the challenge. The process is demanding, it is complex, it is sometimes painful, and in my view, it is absolutely necessary. 相似文献
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Although this article is not a comprehensive review of ocular biology and disease across the millions of invertebrate species, it is hoped that it highlights the surprising gene homologies that influence ocular development despite the dramatic differences in resulting ocular development and final morphology. In the same way that ocular anatomy and physiology is undergirded by similarities in the genetic foundation of the eye, it is to be expected that eye disease in invertebrates, as it is studied in more depth, will show substantial homologies with the eye disease of the vertebrates that veterinary ophthalmologists are more used to treating. 相似文献
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湟源县草地面积有 85 1 85 .1 3hm2 ,占全县土地总面积的 5 6.45 % ,草地资源丰富 ,牧草种类较多 ,农业生产秸秆来源广泛 ,但由于利用不当 ,造成了草地严重破坏和秸秆的浪费 ,如何合理利用草地和秸秆资源 ,扼制草地退化 ,是促进该县畜牧业发展的重要因素 相似文献
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American veterinary medical education stands at a crucial point. To maintain the status quo and to meet ever-increasing societal needs within the United States and globally, it is essential that the veterinary medical profession expand its horizons and capabilities. If it does not, it will lose its current status. The profession faces a crucial shortage in the workforce it needs both to continue to perform its current functions and, more importantly, to meet its growing responsibilities. This is not a new situation, and the profession can learn from its past successes and failures. Action is necessary. The profession has the capability and expertise to meet these challenges, but it must activate these skills in order to succeed. 相似文献