茶叶圆筛条件分析与过程数值模拟

平面圆筛机是茶叶筛分中应用最为广泛的机械之一,其筛分效果影响着茶叶生产的质量与效率。在分析茶叶颗粒群在筛面上的运动条件、运动路径、透筛条件等基础上,运用离散元分析软件PFC3D对其筛分过程进行了数值模拟。理论分析及模拟试验结果表明,平面圆筛机的透筛率与茶叶的运动路径、透筛的相对矢径和相对速度相关;对于不同目数的筛网,存在不同最佳回转速度;增加回转半径,可以大幅增加茶叶颗粒在筛床上的运动路径长度,提高透筛率。理论分析与模拟试验结果相符,为平面圆筛机的设计与操作提供了参考依据。     

基于多相流耦合过程数值模拟的茶鲜叶离心式连续脱水设备参数模拟与优化

为提高离心式水洗茶鲜叶脱水率并实现连续脱水,本研究基于离心式脱水原理,引入风道吹风提高茶鲜叶在脱水过程中的离散度,采用离散场—流场的多相流耦合技术,对茶鲜叶离心脱水过程进行数值仿真模拟,对影响茶鲜叶脱水效果的因素进行研究。研究表明,在确定送风方向的基础上,发现在由离心筒内向外送风的情况下,离心筒与螺旋推进器驱动轴的旋转速度差对脱水效果的影响最大,离心筒转速对脱水效果影响次之,风速对脱水效果影响相对较小。     

新型杀青技术对采花毛尖茶叶品质的影响

通过研究绿茶杀青的原理,综合滚筒杀青和热风杀青的优点,与热管技术和PLC控制技术集成,研制出一种电热滚筒＋热风＋尾气余热回收的新型杀青机。该杀青机生产的采花名优绿茶汤色、香气、滋味、叶底之感官品质明显优于传统的杀青工艺,最大程度保留了茶叶的品质成分,使茶叶的综合质量大幅提升,并且获得了较高的经济效益。     

重庆缙云山原产柳叶茶资源及开发利用的初步研究

本文阐述了缙云山散生的野生柳叶型茶树的生长环境、资源与开发利用概况。重庆缙云山散生的野生柳叶型茶树品种曾经制作过重庆缙云龙井茶,但近代没有承袭下来。对重庆缙云山散生的野生柳叶型茶树品种资源的开发利用研究有助于阐明茶树原始形状、生态茶、有机茶的特点和相关性,以及农耕技术对茶树形状的长期影响;茶树在与多山茶科植物共生、花期高度相遇的环境自然种间杂交的可能性和人工转基因的可行性。     

从一本六年产量收入日记帐分析茶叶增产增收途径

2012年,我们在实施全国农业示范推广补助项目,对湖北省宜昌市夷陵区茶叶科技示范户周先明进行调查,发现该户从2009年起每天采茶都记了日记帐,我们分析了他4年采茶产量收入,春茶产量占全年29%,其收入占全年60%,亩产鲜叶量为1256.3公斤,亩现金收入为6054元。2013年实施该项目后,我们一是通过他多年每日记载数据分析绘制成图;二是实地茶园土壤肥力性状,树体结构和管理措施调查分析,提出其水田茶园不同于过去旱坡茶园的综合高效管理增产增收途径,在2013-2014年早春干旱情况下,茶叶产量收入得到较大提高,对全区茶叶生产具有重要指导作用。     

Disulfated Ophiuroid Type Steroids from the Far Eastern Starfish Pteraster marsippus and Their Cytotoxic Activity on the Models of 2D and 3D Cultures

New steroidal 3β,21-disulfates (2–4), steroidal 3β,22-disulfate (5), and the previously known related steroidal 3β,21-disulfate (1) were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the Far Eastern starfish Pteraster marsippus, collected off Urup Island in the Sea of Okhotsk. The structures of these compounds were determined by intensive NMR and HRESIMS techniques as well as by chemical transformations. Steroids 2 and 3 have an oxo-group in the tetracyclic nucleus at position C-7 and differ from each other by the presence of the 5(6)-double bond. The Δ²⁴-22-sulfoxycholestane side chain of the steroid 5 has not been found previously in the starfish or ophiuroid steroids. The cytotoxic activities of 1, 4, 5, and the mixture of 2 and 3 were determined on the models of 2D and 3D cultures of human epithelial kidney cells (HEK293), melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28), small intestine carcinoma cells (HuTu80), and breast carcinoma cells (ZR-75-1). The mixture of 2 and 3 revealed a significant inhibitory effect on the cell viability of human breast carcinoma ZR-75-1 cells, but other tested compounds were less effective.     

Cr3+和Cr6+胁迫对茶树生理生化特性的影响

通过水培试验,研究比较了不同浓度(10～60mg/L)的Cr3+、Cr6+胁迫对茶树叶片一些生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:随Cr3+、Cr6+胁迫浓度的增加,茶树受害程度加深,中毒症状明显;叶绿素含量以及叶绿素a/b比值极显著降低,并对净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率及气孔导度产生显著负面影响。Cr3+胁迫下,SOD、POD、CAT活性随Cr3+浓度增加呈先升高后降低趋势;而Cr6+胁迫下,SOD、POD活性也出现先升后降趋势,但CAT活性则持续下降。丙二醛含量、细胞膜透性和脯氨酸含量也随Cr3+、Cr6+浓度增加显著增加,表明Cr3+、Cr6+胁迫对茶树细胞质膜系统及主要细胞器的结构与功能都具有较强的破坏作用,Cr6+的毒害作用强于Cr3+。     

Combined Anticancer Effect of Sulfated Laminaran from the Brown Alga Alaria angusta and Polyhydroxysteroid Glycosides from the Starfish Protoreaster lincki on 3D Colorectal Carcinoma HCT 116 Cell Line

Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent types of malignancy in the world. The search for new approaches of increasing the efficacy of cancer therapy is relevant. This work was aimed to study individual, combined anticancer effects, and molecular mechanism of action of sulfated laminaran AaLs of the brown alga Alaria angusta and protolinckiosides A (PL1), B (PL2), and linckoside L1 (L1) of the starfish Protoreaster lincki using a 3D cell culture model. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS), soft agar, 3D spheroids invasion, and Western blotting assays were performed to determine the effect and mechanism of the action of investigated compounds or their combinations on proliferation, colony formation, and the invasion of 3D HCT 116 spheroids. AaLs, PL1, PL2, and L1 individually inhibited viability, colony growth, and the invasion of 3D HCT 116 spheroids in a variable degree with greater activity of linckoside L1. AaLs in combination with L1 exerted synergism of a combined anticancer effect through the inactivation of protein kinase B (AKT) kinase and, consequently, the induction of apoptosis via the regulation of proapoptotic/antiapoptotic proteins balance. The obtained data about the efficacy of the combined anticancer effect of a laminaran derivative of brown algae and polyhydroxysteroid glycosides of starfish open up prospects for the development of new therapeutic approaches for colorectal cancer treatment.