一种补偿分插机构非匀速齿轮传动侧隙的机构设计

针对高速插秧机非匀速齿轮传动型分插机构存在齿轮侧隙,导致栽植臂出现晃动影响取秧和插秧准确性的问题,通过将盘形凸轮与行星轮固结于一体在行星轮轴上,利用弹簧将铰接在行星架上的摆杆进行力封闭,设计了一种补偿分插机构非匀速齿轮传动侧隙的摆动从动件凸轮机构。通过静力矩分析得出摆动凸轮机构在行星架中的安装条件,估算了非匀速齿轮传动的侧隙和侧隙引起的行星轮转角误差。利用ADAMS软件仿真了分插机构各级齿轮啮合的接触力变化情况和行星轮轴力矩特性曲线。结果表明,在栽植臂阻力矩和惯性力矩的反驱动作用下,该侧隙补偿机构始终施加给予行星轮转向相反的补偿力矩,能使各级齿轮啮合力不为0,始终保持轮齿接触,不发生齿轮倒转引起的冲击,保证了栽植臂取秧位置稳定、插秧位置准确和分插机构的运行的稳定性。     

椭圆齿轮行星系分插机构运动轨迹分析与仿真

为了求解椭圆齿轮行星系分插机构秧针尖的运动轨迹,通过分析栽植臂与行星架之间绝对摆动角关系建立了秧针尖坐标的数学表达式,并用MATLAB和ADAMS求解的秧针尖运动轨迹进行对比,相互验证了所建立的秧针尖轨迹数学表达式的正确性,以及使用Adams分析非圆齿轮分插机构运动轨迹的可行性,为进一步优化椭圆齿轮行星系分插机构提供一种可行方案.     

机动插秧机的使用维护

<正> 1.要全面检查栽植臂轴承的旷动量 每组栽植臂上装有200型轴承5个,如果轴承松旷,会使栽植臂运转不稳定,不能保证分离针与秧门之间有1.25～1.75mm的侧隙,不仅造成取秧量不正确,还会损坏机件,造成故障。我们的经验是:当分离针尖的双向自由摆动量大于3mm时,就要更换轴承。     

偏心变位齿轮设计与试验

针对偏心齿轮齿隙变化设计一种传动机构,该传动机构由一个偏心齿轮和一个偏心变位齿轮组成以确保齿隙保持在普通齿轮传动所要求的范围内;叙述了偏心变位齿轮的设计原理;利用工具齿条包络出齿轮的齿廓,获得偏心变位齿轮的齿廓数据;采用粉末冶金的方法加工出偏心变位齿轮,应用于插秧机的偏心变位齿轮分插机构,通过了田间测试.     

正齿行星轮分插机构椭圆齿轮的计算机辅助设计

正齿行星轮分插机构是一种新型高速分插机构,由椭圆齿轮传动部分、正齿轮行星轮传动部分和栽植臂组成。其设计的基本思想采用椭圆齿轮副传动,选择合适的结构参数来形成插秧要求的非匀速传动比及转角关系。为此,主要论述如何利用计算机确定分插机构中椭圆齿轮的几何参数、椭圆齿轮副的传动性质,以及轮齿的齿廓在啮合过程中能保证要求的转动比、合适的压力角等。     

非匀速三插臂水稻高速插秧机参数分析与试验

针对三插臂分插机构理论分析不全面和增加插植臂数量导致株距适应范围缩小等问题,提出了一种椭圆齿轮非匀速三插臂分插机构,建立了该分插机构的运动学分析模型,研究了分插机构回转箱体非匀速转动对栽插参数的影响,理论分析得出非匀速转动不影响秧针的静态轨迹、取秧角度、推秧角度和轨迹高度,传动系统中椭圆齿轮偏心率和初始相位角对秧针取秧点y方向的速度影响最大,相位角为0°时,取秧点y方向线速度达到最大。插秧穴口随着偏心率增大而增大,初始相位角对插秧穴口的影响较复杂,在0°~90°范围内随相位角增大而增大,在90°~180°范围内随相位角增大而减小。在室内进行了插植臂速度和移箱回数对伤秧率和切块均匀性的影响试验,试验表明伤秧率随分插机构转速增加而增大且影响显著,但移箱回数差异对伤秧率影响不显著。移箱回数差异对切块均匀性的影响显著,移箱回数18回的切块均匀性明显高于对照组,在移箱回数21回和24回时切块均匀性与对照二插臂的切块均匀性差异不大,分插机构转速增加对秧苗切块均匀性有影响但影响不显著。田间对比试验表明,非匀速三插臂分插机构栽植质量优于对照组,伤秧率均随作业速度的提高而增大,翻倒率和漂秧率也随作业速度的增加而增加但影响不显著,作业速度变化对漏插率影响也不显著。     

机动插映机的使用维护

1．要全面检查栽植臂轴承的旷动量 每组栽植臂上装有200型轴承5个，如果轴承松旷，会使栽植臂运转不稳定，不能保证分离针与秧门之间有1．25～1．75mm的侧隙，不仅造成取秧量不正确，还会损坏机件，造成故障。我们的经验是：当分离针尖的双向自由摆动量大于3mm时，就要更换轴承。     

水稻插秧机植物纤维地膜敷设装置开口机构设计

针对自制的水稻插秧机植物纤维地膜敷设装置由秧爪直接进行开口插秧、而导致开口质量较差的问题,利用ADAMS建立了偏心齿轮式分插机构的运动仿真模型,通过轨迹跟踪及逐次逼近的方法确定了开口刀尖点的最优坐标为(-159.8,54.9)。依此建立双臂同步开口机构仿真模型并对开口插秧过程进行了仿真模拟,结果表明机构满足设计要求。最后,对同步开口机构开口刀的装配结构进行了优化设计。     

水稻插秧机分插机构的研究现状和最新进展

分插机构是插秧机的主要工作部件之一,它由栽植臂和驱动机构组成.栽植臂直接与秧苗接触,进行分秧和取秧.驱动机构的任务就是使栽植臂按要求的轨迹和姿态准确可靠地运转.国内外分插机构的研究是随着水稻插秧机的发展逐渐深入的,相关理论也逐渐成熟.按分插频率可分为传统分插机构和高速分插机构两种类犁.     

基于变传动比函数的非圆齿轮建模

根据给定的变传动比函数,推导非圆齿轮节曲线方程,由共轭齿条加工原理,通过非圆齿轮的节曲线方程直接确定其齿廓方程。利用MATLAB对节曲线进行校验、修正,并绘制出非圆齿轮齿廓二维图,建立.IBL文件保留齿廓坐标数据。将获得的.IBL文件导入Pro/E建模得到非圆齿轮的三维模型,提高了设计效率及质量。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。