强化渔业安全保护渔民利益--学习《辽宁省海洋渔业安全管理条例》

辽宁是重要渔业省份之一，海岸线较长，渔船渔港众多，全省沿海25个县(市、区)拥有渔民20余万人，各类渔船3万多艘。长期以来，因海上生产条件差，环境极其恶劣，渔船比较分散，管理难度越来越大，渔业安全生产形势十分严峻，各类渔船海损事故频繁发生，给渔民造成极大损失，     

Influence of the gametogenic cycle on the biochemical composition of the ovary of the great scallop

The oogenic cycle and biochemical composition of the ovary of raft-cultured great scallop (Pecten maximus) were studied during the period April 1990–July 1991. The ovary condition index (FGI) and stereological studies showed the existence of two principal spawning periods, winter and late spring-early summer. No sexual resting period was found. Oocyte lysis was high throughout the year. Ovarian lipid levels displayed a clear seasonal pattern linked to the gametogenic cycle. Total lipid (TL, 16–21% dry weight), acylglycerol (AG, 20–65% TL) and free sterol (FS, 2.8–6.4% TL) levels were, generally, higher in the ripe ovary and a decrease coincided with spawning. Protein (59–63% dry weight), glycogen (<3% dry weight) and phospholipid (PL, 26–35% TL) levels showed no clear seasonal trend. The TL and AG were a good index of ovarian sexual maturity. The TL % of dry weight) correlated well with the female gonad condition index (r _s = 0.779, p < 0.001), and AG (% f TL) correlated well with the mean oocyte diameter (r _s = 0.630, p < 0.01) and the female gonad condition index (r _s = 0.443, p < 0.05).     

温度对三疣梭子蟹行为的影响

描述了三疣梭子蟹的摄食、领域、防御、攻击及清洁行为。三疣梭子蟹在水温12℃以上摄食行为加强,领域与攻防行为也很明显,攻防主要其螯肢。三疣梭子蟹的清洁行为比较复杂,在光强度变化较大时较为明显,一般要持续15~20min。随着温度的降低,三疣梭子蟹的摄食、攻防、领域行为都明显减弱。     

沸石在河蟹育苗中的应用

在河蟹育苗中,利用沸石作水质净化剂．从幼体蚤状Ⅲ期始,每天在3个幼体培育池共90m3水体中投放200×10-6沸石。结果试验组每m3水体大眼幼体出苗量增加54g,效果明显。试验证实,投放沸石能吸附水中有机污染物,降解氨氮,净化水质,促进幼体正常变态发育。     

The effects of the Sahelian drought on the fishery of the central delta of the Niger River

Abstract. Recent changes in rainfall patterns in West Africa have produced drought conditions which have affected the flood regime, of the Niger River. Analysis of a 20-year series of discharge data for the river and the records of landings of fish at Moption the central delta of the Niger show catch in any year to be highly correlated with flood intensities. Some management implications of the reduced catch following the drought years are discussed.     

南方大口鲶消化酶的初步研究

对南方大口鲶消化酶活力的研究结果表明,消化系统中,胃pH值为5.5~6.5,前肠pH值6.5~7.0,中肠pH值7.0~7.5,后肠pH值7.0~7.5,胆汁pH值6.5~7.0;不同组织蛋白酶活力强弱顺序为:前肠>中肠>后肠>胃>肝胰脏;淀粉酶活力强弱顺序为:肝胰>前肠>中肠>胃>后肠,单位体重蛋白酶活力有下降趋势,淀粉酶活力有增大趋势;肝胰、胃、肠蛋白酶最适温度分别为33℃、39℃、45℃,淀粉酶最适温度分别为45℃、39℃、41℃;肝胰、胃、肠蛋白酶最适pH值分别为6.6、2.6、7.0;淀粉酶的最适pH值分别为6.2、5.0、7.0。根据南方大口鲶消化酶活力及最适pH值综合判定,南方大口鲶对动物性食物有较强的消化力。     

饲料中沙门氏菌的污染现状及检测方法探究

沙门氏菌是一类革兰氏阴性、长有鞭毛的兼性需氧菌,多数存在于动物的排泄物中,其引起食物中毒的发病率极高.本文对沙门氏菌的三种主要检测方法:微生物学检测法、酶联免疫吸附法、PCR快速检测技术的实验方法、注意事项以及优缺点进行探究,对于更为准确快速鉴定沙门氏菌,防止沙门氏菌进一步蔓延具有一定的意义.     

利用渔港改造,加快推进游艇公共码头建设步伐

历史上形成的渔港产业体系与传统服务格局,已远不能满足渔港产业延伸要求,更与当今快速增长的新兴海洋休闲旅游发展需求及城市游艇公共服务设施建设未能同步,国内渔港在现代渔业建设的推动下正面临着产业转型与升级问题。笔者认为,当前是我国游艇产业发展的重要关口,尤其是加速游艇公共码头建设,对促进游艇内需的销售与游艇消费将具有不可低估的持续影响力,而利用当前渔港改造和产业提升机会,应是加快游艇公共码头建设步伐,推进地方游艇产业发展的最佳选择。各沿海城市政府主管部门可以通过加大对渔港产业整合力度、统筹规划与合理布局、模式创新与拓宽资金渠道等措施,妥善调整好各种利益关系,以期实现渔港城(镇)市包括游艇业在内的整体产业升级。     

我国海洋渔业资源管理中适用预警原则的探讨

海洋生物资源的可持续开发和利用已成为全球海洋生物资源管理的重心。预警原则作为一种新颖的环境资源管理手段,其对海洋生物资源养护的有效性已为一些国际协定和一些国家的国内立法所确认。目前我国海洋生物资源管理实践和相关法规并没有明确采用预警原则。因而,针对我国近海生物资源养护不利的现状,我国有必要增订相关立法,将预警原则规定为我国海洋生物资源管理的基本原则,并根据我国各海域的具体情况,有针对性的适用预警原则,以顺应全球海洋生物资源养护的大趋势。     

美国杂交条纹鲈苗种培育水体理化因子调控和生态条件初探

进行了美国杂交条纹鲈的苗种培育试验，科学调节池塘水体理化因子，初步探讨了美国杂交条纹鲈生长的适宜生态条件。认为美国杂交条纹鲈适温范围广，苗种培育过程中溶解氧应在4mg/L以上，碱度、硬度保持3me/L左右，pH8．0以上，COD应在10mg／L以下，对氮、磷营养元素和苗种培育饵料生物也进行了分析。     

牛蛙爱德华氏菌病病原菌的鉴定和致病因素的研究

从患爱德华氏菌病的牛蛙肌肉、肝、肾、血液和腹水中分离到8株细菌，根据其形态和生理生化特性鉴定为野生型迟钝爱德华氏菌。人工感染实验均为该病的病原菌，毒素检测试验表明，致病因素主要是内毒素而不是外毒素。分离菌株的主要特性为杆状、革兰氏阴性、周生鞭毛、兼性厌氧。接触酶、甲基红试验和硝酸盐还原均为阳性。在三糖铁琼脂上产H2S。氧化酶、丙二酸盐利用、V．P试验、明胶液化、尿素酶。苯丙氨酸脱氨酶为阴性。分解葡萄糖、甘露糖、麦芽糖，产酸产气，不利用甘露醇、蔗糖和阿拉伯糖。     

骨条藻生产性培育池亚硝酸态氮含量的变化及其藻液的处理

<正> 骨条藻是投喂对虾溞状幼体的优质饵料,在骨条藻的培育过程中,由于施肥和骨条藻生理代谢的结果,使藻液含有较多量的有毒物质,其中亚硝酸态氮素含量的变化是比较明显的。然而 NO_2-N 对对虾幼体的毒性是比较大的,因此掌握骨条藻培育池水NO_2-N 含量的变化规律,在投喂之前严格处理藻液则可以有效地避免 NO_2-N 对虾苗的毒性,提高溞状幼体期虾苗的成活率。笔者于1988～1989年先后在深圳、湛江、海康等地骨条藻生产性培育中,对其生产性池NO_2-N 的含量变化进行了多方面的测定,现将其结果报告于后。     

Functional morphology of the kidney. A review of the histophysiology of the kidney glomerulus, the nephrons and the collecting tubule system

The kidney is a composite organ, the specific activities of which are attributable to the peculiar construction of the individual components of the glomerula, nephrons and collecting tubules. This comprehensive review will address the essential physiological mechanisms of urine formation, such as filtration, secretion, reabsorption and concentration, and correlate these functions to morphological structures where possible. The complex structure of the renal glomerulus as the basis for the formation of primary urine (blood-urine barrier) will be documented on the basis of electron micrographs. In addition to this, the ultrastructure of the epithelium in the various tubular segments and collecting tubules will be discussed from a histophysiological stand-point, including its significance in the excretion of waste substances and maintenance of a constant fluid environment in the body (Homeostasis).     

弧菌影响斑节对虾受精卵和无节幼体发育的研究

用8种弧菌对斑节对虾受精卵和无节幼体进行感染试验,结果表明,8种弧菌严重地影响虾卵的孵化和幼体的正常发育,其中以混合弧菌感染致病性最强。试验还显示了弧菌对越是早期的胚胎侵害力越强。     

Operative demonstration of the anconeal process of the ulna in the dog (modification of the Chalman-Slocum approach)

A modification of Chalman's and Slocum's surgical approach to the elbow joint is presented and compared to lateral exposures of the anconeal process. The caudolateral approach guarantees best visual control and minimal tissue damage at the same time.     

Observations on the role of the caseinase enzyme in the pathogenesis of furunculosis

Abstract. The role of the caseinase extracellular enzyme in the pathogenesis of furunculosis was investigated. Natural and mutant strains of Aeromonas salmonicida which were unable, or limited, in their ability to produce this enzyme were studied. The virulence of the mutant strains of A. salmonicida was not significantly reduced by the lack of extracellular caseinase production. Furthermore, there was no difference in the toxicity of extracellular products produced by these mutant strains and the wild-type A. salmonicida strain studied. It is reasonable to assume from these results that the caseinase enzyme has no major role in the pathogenesis of A. salmonicida infections.     

草鱼饲料中添加黄霉素的应用试验

通过在草鱼配合饲料中添加3×10-6黄霉素的对照试验,表明可以提高草鱼的生长速度达18个百分点,降低饲料系数达0.16,每千克鱼的饲料成本可降低9.1%。     

半滑舌鳎消化系统器官发生的组织学

利用形态学和连续组织切片技术,对出膜后1～30d的半滑舌鳎消化系统胚后发育的组织形态学进行了系统观察和研究。研究表明,试验水温为20．0～22．0℃时,孵化后第3天,仔鱼开口摄食,消化道上皮细胞出现分化,肝脏和胰脏开始出现,鱼体开始由内源性营养转向外源性营养。孵化后第5天,卵黄囊完全被吸收,消化道明显分化成口咽腔、食道、胃、前肠和后肠,仔鱼消化系统具备了摄食和消化外源性食物的能力。此后随着鱼体的生长,粘膜层的褶皱增加,消化道上皮细胞进一步分化,肠道分段、盘旋,消化系统从功能和结构上逐步地完善成熟。开口摄食之后,先后发现在后肠出现嗜曙红颗粒,在前肠出现空泡,表明肠上皮细胞吸收了蛋白质和脂肪。继而糖元在肝脏中不断地储存。在出膜后第23天,出现胃腺,标志着稚鱼期的开始。     

鱼类胃肠道内分泌细胞的研究进展

免疫组织化学技术是近年来迅速发展起来的一门新的边缘学科 ,它具有灵敏度高、特异性强、定位准确和应用广泛等优点 ,能够对胃肠道内分泌细胞进行准确地鉴别和定位[1] 。该技术的应用为鱼类胃肠道内分泌细胞的研究开辟了有效途径 ;同时对鱼类胃肠道内分泌细胞的不断研究也推动了免疫组织化学技术的进一步发展。迄今为止 ,国内外学者对鱼类胃肠道内分泌细胞的鉴别和定位已作了大量工作。1　鱼类胃肠道内分泌细胞的种类对鱼类胃肠道内分泌细胞进行鉴别和定位均使用哺乳动物的抗血清 ,迄今为止还未发现使用专门的鱼类抗血清对鱼类胃肠道内分泌…     

加强水产科研院所知识产权保护应对入世挑战

随着中国加入WTO,国际经济一体化步伐的加快,知识产权已不再是可有可无的东西,它不仅是宝贵的无形资产,更是各国发展经济和参与国际竞争的重要武器,而作为知识创新主体的水产科研院所,肩负着愈来愈重要的历史使命。入世给我国水产和水产科研带来了巨大冲击,正确处理知识产权领域出现的新问题、适时研究新形势、制定新战略,对提高我国水产科技的创新力、增强我国水产科研工作的国际竞争力、加快水产科研单位的自身发展,具有十分重要的意义。1　对知识产权保护的认识1 1　知识产权的含义知识产权是人们对自己智力的创造性活动成果依法所…