绵羊7号染色体46 818 598位点在脂臀阿勒泰羊群体中的多态检测及分析

为了研究影响阿勒泰羊臀脂沉积的分子标记,研究以国外新近报道的7号染色体一处可能与尾脂性状关联的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)为研究对象,采用PCR-SSCP的方法检测该位点在我国脂臀型阿勒泰羊群体中的多态性,并分析该位点与脂臀性状的关联性。结果表明:绵羊7号染色体46 818 598位点SNP的各基因型在我国脂臀型阿勒泰羊群体中符合孟德尔分离定律,且等位基因比值接近1.0,该位点在阿勒泰羊群体中的分布没有差异。说明绵羊7号染色体46 818 598位点不能作为影响我国阿勒泰羊臀脂沉积性状的分子标记。     

绵羊7号染色体46843356位点多态性与尾脂沉积相关性研究

为探讨绵羊7号染色体上46843356位点多态性与绵羊尾脂沉积的关系,以尾型极端差异的阿勒泰羊、小尾寒羊、中国美利奴细毛羊以及萨福克羊为研究对象,利用PCR-RFLP检测该位点在群体中的多态性。结果表明:46843356位点在尾脂沉积能力较差的中国美利奴细毛羊和萨福克羊群体以AA基因型为主,而尾脂沉积能力强的阿勒泰羊群体则以GG和GA基因型为主,阿勒泰羊和小尾寒羊G/A等位基因频率比值为2.48和4.22,分别是萨福克羊的83倍和141倍。卡方检验结果表明,阿勒泰羊和小尾寒羊在该位点上处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05),而中国美利奴细毛羊和萨福克羊在该位点上处于Hardy-Weinberg极度不平衡状态(P<0.01)。以上结果提示,绵羊7号染色体上46843356SNP位点在脂尾(臀)与瘦尾绵羊群体中存在较大差异,可作为理想的分子标记应用于高、低脂绵羊品种选育。     

绵羊Fsp27基因组织表达、多态性及其与不同绵羊品种尾脂沉积能力的关联性分析

旨在研究绵羊Fsp27基因的组织表达/多态性及其与不同绵羊品种尾脂沉积能力的关联性。本研究采用qRT-PCR检测了营养充足期阿勒泰羊不同组织中Fsp27基因的表达情况,同时对营养充足期和营养匮乏期阿勒泰羊尾脂组织中Fsp27基因的表达情况进行了定量分析,采用PCR-SSCP结合测序技术检测了5个不同尾脂沉积能力绵羊品种Fsp27基因的突变情况,并分析了相关突变与绵羊尾脂沉积能力的关联性。结果表明,Fsp27基因在营养充足期阿勒泰羊尾脂中高表达,其表达量极显著高于其他组织（P<0.01）,在肾周脂肪和皮下脂肪组织中的表达量也较高,极显著高于心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胃、肠、皮肤和骨骼肌组织（P<0.01）。在心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胃、肠、皮肤和骨骼肌组织中呈微量表达,且各组织间差异不显著（P>0.05）。另外,营养充足期阿勒泰羊尾脂中Fsp27基因的表达量极显著高于营养匮乏期（P<0.01）。绵羊Fsp27基因在不同尾脂沉积能力品种群体中共检测到25个突变位点,其中位于第3外显子g.16771741的G/A突变以及第5外显子g.16774969的C/T突变均为错义突变,且与绵羊尾脂沉积能力高度相关。g.16771741的G/A突变在尾脂沉积能力较强的阿勒泰羊、小尾寒羊和湖羊群体中以G等位基因为主,分别占到86.8%、83.7%和85.7%,而尾脂沉积能力较差的中国美利奴细毛羊和萨福克羊群体中G等位基因分别仅占30.3%和11.1%。g.16774969的C/T突变在阿勒泰羊群体中以T等位基因为主,TT基因型占84.7%,CT基因型占15.3%,没有检测到CC基因型;在短脂尾型的小尾寒羊和湖羊群体中,TT和CT基因型也分别占到65.9%、50.4%和22.7%、41.1%,而在长瘦尾的中国美利奴细毛羊和萨福克羊群体中则以CC基因型为主,分别占到97.4%和69.4%,没有检测到TT基因型。以上研究结果表明,Fsp27基因在阿勒泰羊尾脂中高表达,且其在尾脂中的表达量与阿勒泰羊的营养状态密切相关,Fsp27基因第3外显子g.16771741的G/A突变以及第5外显子g.16774969的C/T突变与绵羊尾脂沉积能力高度相关,可以作为理想的分子标记用于低脂肪绵羊品种的选育。     

绵羊Fsp27基因组织表达、多态性及其与不同绵羊品种尾脂沉积能力的关联性分析

旨在研究绵羊Fsp27基因的组织表达/多态性及其与不同绵羊品种尾脂沉积能力的关联性。本研究采用qRT-PCR检测了营养充足期阿勒泰羊不同组织中Fsp27基因的表达情况,同时对营养充足期和营养匮乏期阿勒泰羊尾脂组织中Fsp27基因的表达情况进行了定量分析,采用PCR-SSCP结合测序技术检测了5个不同尾脂沉积能力绵羊品种Fsp27基因的突变情况,并分析了相关突变与绵羊尾脂沉积能力的关联性。结果表明,Fsp27基因在营养充足期阿勒泰羊尾脂中高表达,其表达量极显著高于其他组织(P0.01),在肾周脂肪和皮下脂肪组织中的表达量也较高,极显著高于心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胃、肠、皮肤和骨骼肌组织(P0.01)。在心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胃、肠、皮肤和骨骼肌组织中呈微量表达,且各组织间差异不显著(P0.05)。另外,营养充足期阿勒泰羊尾脂中Fsp27基因的表达量极显著高于营养匮乏期(P0.01)。绵羊Fsp27基因在不同尾脂沉积能力品种群体中共检测到25个突变位点,其中位于第3外显子g. 16771741的G/A突变以及第5外显子g. 16774969的C/T突变均为错义突变,且与绵羊尾脂沉积能力高度相关。g. 16771741的G/A突变在尾脂沉积能力较强的阿勒泰羊、小尾寒羊和湖羊群体中以G等位基因为主,分别占到86.8%、83.7%和85.7%,而尾脂沉积能力较差的中国美利奴细毛羊和萨福克羊群体中G等位基因分别仅占30.3%和11.1%。g. 16774969的C/T突变在阿勒泰羊群体中以T等位基因为主,TT基因型占84.7%,CT基因型占15.3%,没有检测到CC基因型;在短脂尾型的小尾寒羊和湖羊群体中,TT和CT基因型也分别占到65.9%、50.4%和22.7%、41.1%,而在长瘦尾的中国美利奴细毛羊和萨福克羊群体中则以CC基因型为主,分别占到97.4%和69.4%,没有检测到TT基因型。以上研究结果表明,Fsp27基因在阿勒泰羊尾脂中高表达,且其在尾脂中的表达量与阿勒泰羊的营养状态密切相关,Fsp27基因第3外显子g. 16771741的G/A突变以及第5外显子g. 16774969的C/T突变与绵羊尾脂沉积能力高度相关,可以作为理想的分子标记用于低脂肪绵羊品种的选育。     

FecB基因在5个中国地方绵羊品种中的多态性及其与产羔数的关联分析

为解析中国地方绵羊品种产羔数差异形成的遗传学机制,以5个不同繁殖力的中国地方绵羊品种(湖羊、藏羊、蒙古羊、阿勒泰羊和多浪羊)为研究对象,利用PCR-RFLP技术检测FecB基因的多态性,比较不同繁殖力群体间FecB的分布情况,并与其产羔数进行关联分析。结果显示:湖羊群体中存在BB、B+、++三种基因型,藏羊、蒙古羊及阿勒泰羊群体中仅存在B+和++两种基因型,多浪羊群体中仅存在++基因型。湖羊、藏羊、蒙古羊、阿勒泰羊及多浪羊群体中BB、B+及++基因型频率依次是0.69、0.28、0.03,0.00、0.13、0.88,0.00、0.08、0.92,0.00、0.08、0.92和0.00、0.00、1.00;B等位基因频率由高到低依次为湖羊>藏羊>蒙古羊=阿勒泰羊>多浪羊。湖羊、藏羊、蒙古羊和阿勒泰羊中该位点He和PIC分别为0.29、0.25,0.12、0.11,0.08、0.07和0.08、0.07,且在以上4个品种中BB和B+基因型个体产羔数比++基因型个体高(P<0.01),BB基因型个体和B+基因型个体之间无差异(P>0.05)。由此可推断,FecB或许是决定绵羊产羔数的主效基因,亦或是与其存在密切相关的标记基因,可助力绵羊产羔数性状MAS技术和为多胎绵羊新品种(系)培育提供素材。     

绵羊PDGF-D基因多态性与尾型的关联

旨在研究血小板源性生长因子-D(platelet-derived growth factor-D, PDGF-D)与绵羊尾型的关系,寻找可用的分子标记,同时对前期的研究结果进行验证。本研究在533只绵羊(湖羊、藏羊、杜泊×湖羊杂交羊)试验群体中,选取藏羊、湖羊两个品种各30个个体的血液样本,等量混合分别构建两个DNA混池,对PDGF-D基因的外显子及其上下游1 000 bp扩增,目的片段测序分析后,采用飞行质谱方法对检测到的SNP位点进行基因分型,Haploview4.1软件对突变位点进行连锁不平衡分析,使用SPSS19.0软件对PDGF-D基因SNP位点与尾型性状进行关联分析。结果显示,在PDGF-D基因及其上下游1 000 bp共找到6个突变位点,其中rs5、rs27、rs28与尾长、尾宽及尾周长均相关,rs6、rs19仅与尾长相关,rs13与尾宽、尾周长均显著相关(P<0.05)。连锁不平衡分析结果表明,rs6～rs13之间存在强连锁;组合基因型与尾型关联分析结果显示,CCGG型个体无论是在尾长、尾宽还是在尾周长上,其平均值均显著(P<0.05)或者极显著(P<0.01)低于其他组合基因型,但在群体中的数量较少。结果表明,PDGF-D基因对绵羊的尾型有着较为显著的影响,其SNP位点作为分子标记对于绵羊尾型选育工作有着一定的指导意义,可考虑将CCGG型作为筛选小尾绵羊的潜在分子标记,但是该基因型个体在群体中所占的比重较小,可适当增强人工选育以扩大数目。     

阿勒泰羊Fsp27基因5'UTR区g.16767667位点G>A突变与其尾脂沉积能力关联性分析

Fsp27基因在动物脂肪代谢过程中发挥着重要的调控作用。为了研究Fsp27基因5'UTR区g.16767667位点G>A突变与绵羊尾脂沉积能力的关联性,以尾脂沉积能力极强的脂尾(臀)型绵羊品种阿勒泰羊(Ovis aries)为研究对象,采用PCR-SSCP及测序技术研究了该SNP位点不同基因型在阿勒泰羊群体中的分布,并通过比较不同基因型个体尾形数据的差异,评估其与阿勒泰羊尾脂沉积能力的关联性。结果表明,在阿勒泰羊群体中Fsp27基因5'UTR区g.16767667位点G>A突变可以检测到GG、AG和AA三种基因型,基因型频率分别47.2%、38.4%和14.4%;卡方检验结果表明该位点在阿勒泰羊群体中处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05)。通过250只不同基因型阿勒泰羊尾形数据对比发现,GG和AG基因型个体脂尾(臀)的长、宽和厚3项数据均显著高于AA基因型个体(P<0.05),GG基因型个体亦略高于AG基因型个体,但差异不显著(P>0.05),推断G等位基因有利于阿勒泰羊尾脂沉积。     

不同尾型绵羊全基因组选择信号检测

为研究不同尾型绵羊群体遗传分化程度,检测全基因组选择信号,以挖掘不同尾型绵羊重要性状相关的候选基因。本研究基于蒙古羊(短脂尾)和藏羊(瘦尾)群体的Illumina Ovine SNP 50K芯片分型数据,借助遗传分化系数FST法进行群体间选择信号检测,寻找选择信号区域内的重要基因,并对其中与脂肪代谢相关的基因PPARG、PDGFD在呼伦贝尔羊(大尾和小尾品系;肥尾)与藏羊(瘦尾)尾脂进行mRNA相对表达量研究。结果,(1)465个SNPs被选择,基因注释找到448个候选基因,筛选到50个与脂类代谢相关的基因,GO功能富集分析发现,主要富集在脂类生物合成过程、磷脂代谢、脂质结合等条目,此外发现4个基因(PPARG、RXRG、SLC27A2和ACSL6)富集到PPAR信号通路。(2)肥瘦尾之间,呼伦贝尔羊(大尾和小尾品系)PPARG和PDGFD基因表达量均显著高于藏羊(P0.01),而大小肥尾之间,呼伦贝尔羊大尾品系PPARG基因表达量显著高于小尾品系(P0.05),PDGFD基因表达量则无明显差异。通过FST法有效检测到受选择的基因,部分与绵羊重要性状相关,相对定量试验证明PPARG和PDGFD基因与尾部脂肪沉积密切相关,可以作为尾型选育的候选基因,为绵羊育种及改良提供重要参考。     

绵羊FRZB基因InDel检测及其与生长性状的关联分析

本研究以卷曲相关同源蛋白(FRZB)基因作为候选基因,以同羊、小尾寒羊、兰州大尾羊和湖羊4个品种共计582只绵羊个体为试验材料,利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳结合DNA测序技术对FRZB基因的InDel进行筛查,旨在寻找与4个品种绵羊生长性状相关的InDel位点。结果表明,绵羊FRZB基因第1内含子上检测到一段14 bp的InDel突变;FRZB基因内含子区InDel突变位点在同羊、小尾寒羊、兰州大尾羊和湖羊群体中均存在II、ID、DD 3种基因型;关联分析表明,FRZB基因中检测到的InDel突变对同羊生长性状有显著影响(P0.05),其中II基因型的体长、背高、荐高、距骨宽度、尾长和尾宽在同羊群体中显著优于DD基因型,可以作为候选分子标记用于同羊分子标记辅助选择。这些结果提示,绵羊FRZB基因第1内含子上一个14 bp的插入突变可显著影响同羊生长性状,可以作为绵羊育种中生长性状的潜在分子标记。     

绵羊MyoG基因内含子Ⅱ多态性及其与生长性状的关联分析

【目的】 分析肌细胞生成素(myogenin,MyoG)基因内含子Ⅱ的多态性及其对绵羊生长性状的影响,筛选对绵羊生长发育有显著影响的分子标记,以期为绵羊的分子育种提供参考。【方法】 选取大尾寒羊、小尾寒羊、豫西脂尾羊、湖羊、杜泊羊5种绵羊为研究对象,采用PCR-RFLP技术对MyoG基因内含子Ⅱ(Eco72 Ⅰ)进行基因分型,利用PopGene32软件计算绵羊MyoG基因内含子Ⅱ的群体遗传多样性,利用SPSS 17.0软件对不同基因型与绵羊生长性状进行关联分析。【结果】 小尾寒羊、杜泊羊、湖羊群体中MyoG基因内含子Ⅱ均存在3种基因型:AA(368/540 bp)、AB(908/368/540 bp)和BB(908 bp);大尾寒羊和豫西脂尾羊群体中仅检测到2种基因型:AB(908/368/540 bp)和BB(908 bp)。大尾寒羊、小尾寒羊、豫西脂尾羊、湖羊、杜泊羊的AB基因型频率分别为0.845、0.633、0.917、0.706和0.811,BB基因型频率分别为0.155、0.033、0.083、0.176和0.054,AA基因型频率分别为0、0.333、0、0.118和0.135。小尾寒羊的杂合度最低(0.455),杜泊羊的杂合度最高(0.497),表明杜泊羊的遗传多样性要高于其他群体;5个群体多态信息含量(PIC)均为中度多态(0.25<PIC<0.5)。关联分析发现,小尾寒羊MyoG基因内含子Ⅱ BB基因型个体胸围、胸宽、头长、颈长均显著低于AA、AB基因型(P<0.05)。【结论】 MyoG基因内含子Ⅱ Eco72 Ⅰ位点可作为影响绵羊生长性状的分子标记,结果可为今后绵羊生长性状的分子标记辅助选择提供参考。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.