绒山羊不同季节同期发情处理效果分析

将99只辽宁绒山羊分2批、4组,于春、秋两季进行同期发情试验。在秋季采用A组CIDR+PMSG+PG(埋栓14 d)和B组CIDR+PG(埋栓14 d),春季采用C组CIDR+PMSG+PG(埋栓19 d)和D组CIDR+PMSG(埋栓19 d)。结果表明:①秋季撤栓前加注250 u PMSG,同期发情率极明显高于单注PG组(P<0.01),且发情集中在撤栓后的0～24 h。②春季撤栓时加注PG,可显著提高发情率(P<0.01)。③用同一组激素处理,秋季与春季的同期发情率差异显著(P<0.05)。两季节假发情率春季高于秋季,差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

努比亚山羊同期发情技术研究

为了提高努比亚山羊繁殖力,研究同期发情技术在努比亚山羊上的处理效果,试验分别采用CIDR+PMSG+PG、CIDR+FSH+PG、孕酮海绵栓(自制)+PMSG+PG 3种方法对努比亚山羊进行同期发情处理。结果显示:CIDR+PMSG+PG、CIDR+FSH+PG方法同期发情率相同,略高于孕酮海绵栓(自制)+PMSG+PG方法,但差异不显著(P≥0.05);CIDR+FSH+PG方法受胎率最好,孕酮海绵栓(自制)+PMSG+PG次之,CIDR+PMSG+PG效果第三,但差异不显著(P≥0.05)。     

外源激素处理提高小尾寒羊和蒙古羊春季繁殖力的研究

旨在研究春季对小尾寒羊、蒙古羊进行同期发情与人工授精处理时,不同外源激素使用对两品种羊繁殖指标和血液生殖激素浓度的影响。挑选春季小尾寒羊、蒙古羊母羊各120只,按不同外源激素处理方法随机均分为4组,其中对照组处理方法为阴道氟孕酮海绵栓(FGA)+撤栓后即注射孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG),试验Ⅰ组为FGA+撤栓前24 h注射PMSG,试验Ⅱ组为FGA+撤栓前24 h注射PMSG+注射促黄体素释放激素A₃(LHRH-A₃),试验Ⅲ组为FGA+撤栓前24 h注射PMSG+注射LHRH-A₃+稀释精液中添加催产素(OXT)。结果：试验I组与对照组相比,蒙古羊放栓第14天孕激素(P₄)浓度显著升高(P<0.05),卵泡刺激素(FSH)浓度和发情反应率均极显著升高(P<0.01);试验Ⅱ组与试验Ⅰ组相比,小尾寒羊产羔率极显著提高(P<0.01),蒙古羊放栓第14天FSH、促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)浓度和同期受胎率均极显著升高(P<0.01),同期妊娠率显著提高(P<0.05)...     

不同处理方法对绵山羊同期发情效果的影响

设计3个激素剂量水平(PMSG 180IU、200IU、220IU,PG 0.05mg、0.1mg、0.2mg),采用CIDR+PMSG法和CIDR+PG法对陇东绒山羊和小尾寒羊进行同期发情处理。结果表明:CIDR+PMSG(200IU)处理组、CIDR+PG(0.1mg)处理组,同期发情率最高;同一种激素水平处理下,陇东绒山羊同期发情率均高于小尾寒羊;发情时间主要集中在0~48h内,发情数占处理数的50%以上。     

生殖激素诱导小尾寒羊同期发情效果研究

为了比较不同生殖激素组合对小尾寒羊同期发情效果的影响,采用国产孕酮阴道海绵栓+PMSG+PG(Ⅰ组)、CIDR+PMSG+PG(Ⅱ组)和2次氯前列醇法(Ⅲ组)对478只小尾寒羊进行同期发情研究。结果表明,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组母羊同期发情率分别为81.1%和83.5%,人工授精后受胎率分别为75.3%和83.2%,差异不显著(P0.05)。Ⅲ组同期发情率94.9%,与Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组比较,差异显著(P0.05);人工授精后受胎率80.6%,与其他两组无显著差异(P0.05)。3种处理方法导致母羊阴道炎发病率分别为8.2%、3.0%和0。综合考虑3种处理方法的同期发情效果、受胎率和药品成本,国产孕酮阴道海绵栓可替代CIDR在生产中大范围使用。     

西藏多玛绵羊同期发情处理及外周血液激素含量变化研究

本研究采用孕酮阴道栓（CIDR,CIDR组）和氯前列烯醇（PGF2α,PG组）2种方法，分别对40头2～3岁、体重（65.12±6.41）kg的西藏多玛绵羊进行同期发情处理，对同期发情效果进行比较，并在处理后第1、4、7、10、13、16天和第19天（08:00）、（20:00）连续收集血清进行促卵泡素（FSH）、促黄体素（LH）、雌二醇（E2）和孕酮（P）浓度测定。结果表明：CIDR组和PG组的同期发情率达到100%，但CIDR组的受胎率和分娩率高于PG组（P<0.05）,2组分娩母羊产双羔的比率没有显著差异。处理过程中激素变化结果表明：CIDR组和PG组中FSH和LH激素变化趋势基本一致，CIDR组中第7天E2水平高于PG组（P<0.05）,CIDR组第1、4和第19天的P浓度高于PG组（P<0.05）。在CIDR组中，FSH与E2、LH与P的变化显著相关（P<0.05）。总体上，CIDR组的同期发情处理的效果优于PG组，激素变化和相关性分析均显示CIDR组处理方式优于PG组。     

不同诱导方法对绵羊夏季同期发情的影响

以甘肃舍饲养殖的小尾寒羊为试验对象,分别采用CIDR栓+PMSG(试验组I)、PG+PMSG试(验组II)、PG+CIDR栓+FSH(试验组III)3种不同的组合方式进行非繁殖季节同期发情诱导试验。结果表明:3个试验组在72h内的同期发情率均在85%以上,其中试验组I在72h内发情率达到94.95%,显著高于另外两组,但其单只羊的诱导成本也最高。试验组II的成本最低,试验组III的发情率在72h表现的较为平均。因此,可根据生产方向选择不同的诱导方式进行处理。     

影响黑萨福克绵羊体内原核胚生产的因素

为提高黑萨福克绵羊原核期胚胎的生产效率,通过CIDR+FSH+PMSG和CIDR+FSH+PG两种激素方案对供体进行超数排卵,将冲出的胚胎移植入同期发情处理的受体。其中CIDR+FSH+PMSG注射组供体平均黄体数、可用胚数和移植妊娠率均高于CIDR+FSH+PG注射组(P0.05)。同时,在CIDR+FSH+PMSG注射组,不同FSH剂量注射对黑萨福克绵羊超数排卵有影响。在180~240 IU剂量组,供体羊的平均黄体数、可用胚胎数高于另一组。繁殖季节(秋季)供体平均黄体数、可用胚胎数均显著高于春季(P0.05)。     

沼泽型水牛发情期血清生殖激素的变化规律研究

研究应用RIA法对沼泽型水牛发情期的血清生殖激素浓度进行测定,并分析了生殖激素的变化规律。结果表明:①同期发情的水牛在处理后至发情当天均有2个E2峰出现,第1个在发情前,第2个在发情后并与LH峰同时或之前2 h;②PMSG(肌注)+PG(肌注)处理的水牛出现发情前E2峰、发情后FSH峰和LH峰的时间为处理后24、60 h和63 h,而PMSG(肌注)+PG(子宫灌注)+LH(肌注)处理的水牛出现发情前E2峰、发情后FSH峰和LH峰的时间为处理后48、80 h和82 h;③各组水牛P4水平在发情后48 h内均低于0.8 ng/mL;④与自然发情水牛对比,同期发情处理可显著影响其发情期的FSH和LH内源性分泌水平(P<0.05);而对E2和P4均没有产生显著性的变化(P>0.05)。     

非繁殖季节太行山羊胚胎移植方案研究

对48只太行山羊(供体羊)、40只太行山羊和120只奶山羊(受体羊)进行了同期发情和超数排卵胚胎移植试验。其结果如下:(1)CIDR PMSG对太行山羊同期发情,有效发情率为75%;CIDR FSH对奶山羊同期发情,有效发情率为73%。(2)CIDR FSH LH组平均可用胚胎数分别与CIDR PMSG组和CIDR PMSG LH组之间差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01),而与CI-DR FSH组之间差异显著(P<0.05)。(3)CIDR FSH LH超排时,用CIDR FSH对奶山羊进行同期发情,受体妊娠率为56%;CIDR PMSG对太行山羊同期发情,受体妊娠率为60%水平。证明在非繁殖季节对太行山羊采用CIDR FSH LH超数排卵和以太行山羊及奶山羊为受体分别用CIDR PMSG和CIDR FSH同期发情来进行胚胎移植的技术方案是可行的。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …