玉米赤霉烯酮对哺乳动物生殖系统影响研究进展

玉米赤霉烯酮对机体产生强雌激素样作用,直接损害动物的生殖系统,导致生殖机能紊乱,造成严重的经济损失。目前,虽然国内外学者做了很多研究来揭示玉米赤霉烯酮损害生殖系统的机制,但关于它影响生殖机能更详尽的机制还有待于研究。本文对近年来玉米赤霉烯酮对哺乳动物生殖系统毒性的研究进展加以综述,旨在为其生殖毒理学深入研究提供参考依据,进而为预防和治疗该毒素引起的疾病提供理论依据。     

玉米赤霉烯酮的毒性研究进展

玉米赤霉烯酮是由镰刀菌产生的一种具有雌激素样生物活性的真菌毒素。主要影响动物繁殖机能,导致动物繁殖机能紊乱。最近研究表明,玉米赤霉烯酮还具有免疫毒性、肝毒性、遗传毒性,对肿瘤发生也有一定的影响。     

玉米赤霉烯酮毒性机理研究进展

玉米赤霉烯酮是一种特殊毒性的生物毒素,具有类雌激素样作用,能引起动物流产、死胎、返情等生殖机能异常,还可以导致生长下降、免疫抑制、不育、畸形等.国内外学者做了大量的研究,来揭示玉米赤霉烯酮损害机体的机制.它主要通过影响机体的生殖性能,引起细胞凋亡、致畸、损伤DNA、氧化损害、影响免疫机能等机制,来影响动物与人类的健康.文章主要针对玉米赤霉烯酮的毒性机理进行综述.     

玉米赤霉烯酮对小鼠胸腺上皮细胞的毒性作用

采用台盼蓝计数、流式细胞仪分析等方法,离体研究玉米赤霉烯酮对小鼠胸腺上皮细胞增殖与细胞周期的影响,结果发现:不同质量浓度(1～25 mg/L)玉米赤霉烯酮对小鼠胸腺上皮细胞的增殖均具有显著抑制作用(P<0.05),并表现出与剂量和处理时间依赖性关系.高剂量(10～25 mg/L)ZEA使小鼠胸腺上皮细胞细胞周期显著阻滞于G2/M期(P<0.05),并存在剂量依赖性关系.这些结果表明,玉米赤霉烯酮对小鼠胸腺上皮细胞有直接毒害作用.     

玉米赤霉烯酮对小鼠肝脏及肾脏的毒性作用

单剂量(50 mg/kg)连续3 d腹腔注射玉米霉烯酮(ZEA)后,肝脏出现弥漫性坏死、肝细胞局灶性脂肪变性;肾脏髓质、肾小管淤血,肾小球萎缩,近曲小管上皮细胞出现肿胀、颗粒变性.单剂量(100 mg/kg)单次腹腔注射ZEA后,血生化结果显示小鼠肝功能指标AST、ALT水平明显升高(P<0.05)、TP、ALB含量显著降低(P<0.05),肾脏功能指标尿素、尿酸水平明显升高(P<0.05).结果表明,ZEA肝脏、肾脏有严重的损害作用,能引发肝肾组织退行性变化,造成肝肾功能紊乱.     

玉米赤霉烯酮对小鼠睾丸间质细胞线粒体的损伤作用

将不同作用时间（时间梯度组）及不同质量浓度（质量浓度梯度组）的玉米赤霉烯酮（Zearalenone,ZEA）作用于体外培养的原代小鼠睾丸间质细胞,时间梯度组设0（对照组）、6、12、24h4个观察组,染毒质量浓度为2.5mg/L;质量浓度梯度组设0（对照组）、5、10、20mg/L ZEA 4个观察组,染毒时间为12h。采用流式细胞技术测定线粒体膜电位和透射电子显微镜观察细胞超微结构的方法观测ZEA对睾丸间质细胞线粒体的损伤作用。结果显示,睾丸间质细胞线粒体膜电位2.5mg/L ZEA暴露6h较对照组显著下降（P〈0.05）,暴露12h及24h较对照组都有极显著下降（P〈0.01）;ZEA质量浓度为5mg/L组较对照组显著下降（P〈0.05）,10mg/L组和20mg/L组较对照组都有极显著下降（P〈0.01）。细胞超微结构分析显示,线粒体的空泡化和内质网断裂的程度与ZEA的暴露存在时间-效应关系和质量浓度-效应关系。结果表明,ZEA可导致睾丸间质细胞线粒体损伤,这是ZEA抑制睾丸间质细胞分泌睾酮的一个重要原因。     

玉米赤霉烯酮的毒性及生物降解研究进展

玉米赤霉烯酮是由某些真菌产生的次级代谢产物,具有极强的毒性,给人类和动物健康造成了极大的危害,该毒素的解毒与去毒一直是研究的热点。论文结合国内外的最新研究结果,对玉米赤霉烯酮的生殖发育毒性、免疫毒性、肝肾毒性、对内分泌系统的影响及生物降解方面的研究进展进行了综述,阐明了玉米赤霉烯酮的危害及去除玉米赤霉烯酮的重要性及紧迫性,为进一步研究生物转化玉米赤霉烯酮提供参考资料。     

玉米赤霉烯酮毒害作用的研究进展

玉米赤霉烯酮是由镰刀菌产生的一种具有雌激素样生物活性的真菌毒素。主要影响动物繁殖机能,导致动物繁殖机能紊乱。最近研究表明,玉米赤霉烯酮还具有免疫毒性、肝毒性、遗传毒性,对肿瘤发生也有一定的影响。     

玉米赤霉烯酮的生殖毒性研究进展

玉米赤霉烯酮是一种特殊毒性的生物毒素,它的强雌激素样作用对动物机体的伤害很大,不仅引起动物流产、死胎、低产仔率等生殖机能异常,还可以导致繁殖功能下降、不育、畸形等.已有研究表明,ZEA对肝脏、肾脏、生殖系统和免疫系统产生明显的损伤,对细胞和遗传性也有毒性作用.目前,虽然国内外学者做了大量的研究,来揭示玉米赤霉烯酮损害机体生殖功能的机制,但关于它影响机体的生殖性能更详尽的机制还亟待进一步的研究.文章主要针对玉米赤霉烯酮的生殖毒性进行了综述,总结出ZEA对生殖系统的毒性机制,从而为临床预防及治疗繁殖疾病提供理论依据.     

玉米赤霉烯酮毒性的研究进展北大核心

玉米赤霉烯酮(Zearalenone,ZEA),又称F-2毒素,是一种主要从患有赤霉病的玉米中分离,由镰刀菌产生、具有类雌激素样作用的真菌毒素。ZEA理化性质较为稳定,难以降解,危害严重。文章就ZEA的理化性质、污染情况及ZEA的免疫毒性、细胞毒性、生殖毒性、遗传毒性及肝脏和肾脏毒性研究进行了综述。     

Influence of zearalenone on reproductive system cell proliferation in gilts

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a macrocyclic lactone, estrogenic, diet-depending and fusaric micotoxin, which is produced on many kinds of cereals and feeds in the favourable conditions of humidity and temperature. The structure of ZEA is similar to the structure of estrogens and it enables binding to the estrogenic receptors. The stimulation of protein synthesis in the cells of the reproductive system, which causes intensification of cell proliferation, is one of the effects of ZEA actions. Oedema and vulva reddening are the clinical, external signs of ZEA intoxication in pigs. The aim of this study was to designate the degree of reproductive cell proliferation after low doses of ZEA were applied per os in sexually immature gilts with simultaneous monitoring of zearalenone and alpha-zearalenol levels in peripheral blood. The following were observed in the gilts examined fluctuations of zearalenone and alpha-zearalenol levels in blood, which were connected with entero-hepatic circulation and also numerous histopathological changes in ovarian follicle structure. These changes were present in the reproductive system of sexually immature gilts with a big contribution of PCNA-positive cells. The studies show that zearalenone application in sexually immature gilts caused ovarian follicle atresia and apoptoso-like changes in granule cells. Intensified cell proliferation, which was expressed with the growth of PCNA index, was observed in uterus and oviduct.     

玉米赤霉烯酮猪卵巢颗粒细胞的毒害及其解毒

玉米赤霉烯酮（zearalenone，ZEA），又称F-2毒素，是由镰刀菌产生的一种真菌毒素，也是一种植物雌激素，化学名为6-（10羟基-6氧基一十一-碳烯基）β-雷锁酸内酯。F-2毒素对畜禽的主要毒副作用表现为雌激素中毒，引起猪和牛的不孕和流产。近年来，养殖业中F-2毒素中毒现象发生频繁，如何对其进行有效的防治已成为研究热点，但尚未见有关F-2毒素对猪卵巢颗粒细胞毒害及其解毒的报道。本文采用体外细胞培养方法，研究F-2毒素对卵巢颗粒细胞的毒害作用，并探索维生素E对F-2毒素的解毒功效。     

Expression and localization of alpha-tubulin N-acetyltransferase 1 in the reproductive system of male mice

The structure of microtubules is essential for the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa. Acetylation of α-tubulin plays an important role in flagellar elongation and spermatozoa motility. Previous reports have suggested that alpha-tubulin N-acetyltransferase 1 (ATAT1) is the main acetyltransferase involved in the acetylation of α-tubulin. Although ATAT1 is reported to express in the testis, no information is available regarding its expression in elongated spermatids, epididymis, and mature spermatozoa. Hence, it remains unclear whether ATAT1 is involved in spermatozoa maturation and capacitation. Therefore, we evaluated the expression of ATAT1 in the mouse male reproductive system using immunostaining and western blotting. Our results showed that ATAT1 was expressed in spermatids during spermiogenesis in mouse testes, but its expression varied according to the seminiferous tubule stage. We observed ATAT1 in the cytoplasm of round spermatids, the flagella of elongated spermatids, and in the cytoplasm of step 16 spermatids, just before its release into the lumen. In addition, ATAT1 was expressed in epithelial cells of the epididymis. In spermatozoa of the cauda epididymis, ATAT1 expression was primarily observed in the midpiece of the spermatozoa. The localization of ATAT1 protein in the male germline was observed during spermiogenesis as well as during spermatozoa maturation. Our results suggest that ATAT1 may be involved in the formation of flagella and in the acetylation process, which has attracted attention in recent years regarding male infertility.     

Effects of exposure to genistein during pubertal development on the reproductive system of male mice

Genistein, a soybean-originated isoflavone, is widely consumed by humans for putative beneficial health effects but its estrogenic activity may affect adversely the development of the male reproductive system. Twenty-one days old ICR mice weaned from dams fed with a casein-based AIN-76A diet during gestation and lactation were exposed to genistein (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 5 weeks. 17beta-Estradiol (7.5 microg/kg/day) and corn oil were used for the positive and negative vehicle controls, respectively. The animals were fed the casein-based AIN-76A diet throughout the experiment. There were no significant differences in body weights of mice between the genistein groups and the negative control group. No significant differences in relative reproductive organ weights were found among all experimental groups. Sperm counts in epididymis and testes were slightly decreased in the genistein-exposed groups compared with control group. Sperm motile characteristics in genistein-exposed groups were slightly higher than those of the control group. Levels of phospholipid hydroxide glutathione peroxidase mRNA in the testis, epididymis, and prostate of mice exposed to genistein or estradiol were significantly higher than those of the controls (P<0.05). Exposure to genistein caused hyperplasia of Leydig cells in the testis and a slight increase of interstitial fibroblasts in the epididymis, while estradiol treatment caused severe damage to the testis and epididymis. These results suggest that dietary uptake of genistein during the juvenile period may affect male reproductive development, resulting in a slight decrease in sperm count, but with an increase in sperm motion quality.     

玉米赤霉烯酮和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇及其联合染毒对小鼠空肠消化酶的影响

腹腔单独或联合注射不同质量浓度的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(Deoxynivalenol,DON)1.5、2.5mg/kg和玉米赤霉烯酮(Zearalenone,ZEA)20、30mg/kg),在第0、3、5、8、12天测定小鼠空肠脂肪酶、淀粉酶活力和二胺氧化酶(DAO)活力。结果显示,在各个时间点上,与对照组相比较,各染毒组脂肪酶、淀粉酶、DAO活力显著下降(P0.05或P0.01);随着时间的推移,各染毒组脂肪酶、淀粉酶、DOA活力显著下降(P0.05或P0.01)。ZEA和DON单独和联合染毒均能降低小鼠空肠消化酶活性,表现出剂量效应和相互作用时的互作效应;同时,在测定时间范围内表现出毒素作用的累积效应。     

Effects of zearalenone on the developing male chick

Incorporation of 40 p.p.m. of the mycotoxin, zearalenone, into the food of male chicks for a period of 10 d, had little effect on weight gain or efficiency of food conversion, but caused a significant increase in the weight of testes and comb.     

Preliminary results of monitoring research on zearalenone presence in blood of women with neoplastic lesions in reproductive system

The aim of the monitoring of zearalenone presence in the blood plasma of women with neoplastic lesions in the reproductive tract was to asses whether the phytosteride is noted in the patients blood and whether the correlation exists between its presence and the incidence of particular neoplasm. The presence of zearalenone or its metabolite--alpha-zearalenole, was noted in 13.51% of the examined women. In 60% of the patients with the confirmed presence of the xenobiotic it was noted in the lowest concentrations. These patients had neoplastic lesions of Carcinoma corpus uteri type.     

A comparison of effects of zearalenone and estradiol benzoate on reproductive function during the estrous cycle in gilts

Effects of estradiol benzoate (EB) and zearalenone (Z) on luteal maintenance and plasma hormone concentrations were studied in 45 gilts. Gilts were allocated to receive either 20 mg Z, 2 mg EB or no treatment (C) on d 1 to 5 (T1), 6 to 10 (T2) or 11 to 15 (T3) of an estrous cycle (five per treatment). Onset of estrus was designated as d 0 of the estrous cycle. Zearalenone was added to the daily ration and EB was administered via an intramuscular injection. Blood samples were collected every 10 min over a 4-h period on the first 2 d prior to onset of treatment; the first, third and fifth days of treatment; and the first two and the fifth day after the end of the treatment periods. Gilts receiving EB and Z during T2 and T3 had longer (P less than .05) inter-estrous intervals than C gilts. The range in inter-estrous intervals for Z and EB treatments was 28 to 74 and 27 to 63 d, respectively. Mean plasma progesterone concentrations were elevated (P less than .05) during T2 and T3 in EB and Z-treated gilts when compared with C females. Estradiol benzoate treatment during T2 and T3 reduced (P less than .05) mean plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations more than C or Z treatments. Mean plasma concentrations of 13, 14-dihydro-, 15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) during T3 were higher (P less than .05) in C and Z gilts on d 13 and 15 post-estrus when compared with EB gilts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effects of diesel exhaust particles on the male reproductive system in strains of mice with different aryl hydrocarbon receptor responsiveness

Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) that bind to aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs) and decrease sperm production. Since it is not clear if AhR mediates DEP toxicity, we investigated the effect of DEPs in four strains of mice that have different AhR responsiveness. We treated BALB/c, C57BL/6, ICR and DBA/2 mice with DEP suspensions and compared their toxicity in each strain. In both the vehicle- and DEP-treated groups, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, as an indirect index of AhR activity, was increased in the order of BALB/c > C57BL/6 > ICR > DBA/2. Only BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice had significantly lower daily sperm production (DSP) than vehicle-treated mice. All strains exhibited increased sperm abnormalities. In particular, the C57BL/6, ICR and DBA/2 mice exhibited significantly increased abnormalities. A significant correlation was found between EROD activity and DSP or incidence of morphologically abnormal sperm. These data suggest that DEP toxicity may affect the male reproductive system in an AhR-dependent manner.     

日粮中添加二氢吡啶对雄性小鼠生殖激素的影响

80只6周龄的健康雄性昆明小白鼠,随机分成4组,其中对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加200mg／kg,400mg／kg,800mg／kg的二氢吡啶,以探讨二氢吡啶对雄性小鼠内分泌机能的影响。结果表明,试验组小鼠血清中的FSH、LH和T均高于对照组,并随饲喂时间的增加,与对照组的差异越明显。