孕妇血镉、铅、钙、铜、锌水平与稽留流产的关联性研究

目的研究血镉、铅、钙、铜、锌对孕妇稽留流产的影响。方法 168名稽留流产患者和168名正常孕妇进行问卷调查,并检测血镉、铅、钙、铜、锌含量。结果稽留流产患者血铅、镉水平高于对照组（P〈0.01或0.05）,而血钙、锌含量低于对照组（P〈0.05）。多元回归分析显示高血铅、高血镉、孕前期疱疹病毒感染、职业铅暴露为稽留流产的危险因素,而高血钙、高血锌、孕期补充维生素、补锌为保护因素。结论孕妇血镉、铅、钙、锌水平与稽留流产存在较大关联性。     

线性回归分析中重复与非重复性问题研究

本文就一元线性回归，分相同水平及不同水平两种情形，讨论了重复与非重复试验对回归方程精度的影响，得到如下结论：相同水平序列下，重复试验的回归精度高于非重复试验；不同水平序列下非重复试验的回归方程的精度在一定条件下可能高于重复试验，并给出了此时应满足的水平设置条件。     

影晌梯田产量的因素分析

选取同一时间断面，对影响梯田产量的各种因索迸行分级、分别管理，对产量迸行实割实测，单收单打。采取多元线性回归方法进行计算，得出梯田产量与各影响因子的回归模型。结果表明，在内蒙古半干旱地区，同等降水条件下，影响梯田产量的因素主要是管理水平和土壤肥力条件。     

Ultraviolet radiation levels during the antarctic spring

The decrease in atmospheric ozone over Antarctica during spring implies enhanced levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation received at the earth's surface. Model calculations show that UV irradiances encountered during the occurrence of an Antarctic "ozone hole" remain less than those typical of a summer solstice at low to middle latitudes. However, the low ozone amounts observed in October 1987 imply biologically effective irradiances for McMurdo Station, Antarctica, that are comparable to or greater than those for the same location at December solstice. Life indigenous to Antarctica thereby experiences a greatly extended period of summerlike UV radiation levels.     

Arctic seabirds transport marine-derived contaminants

Long-range atmospheric transport of pollutants is generally assumed to be the main vector for arctic contamination, because local pollution sources are rare. We show that arctic seabirds, which occupy high trophic levels in marine food webs, are the dominant vectors for the transport of marine-derived contaminants to coastal ponds. The sediments of ponds most affected by seabirds had 60 times higher DDT, 25 times higher mercury, and 10 times higher hexachlorobenzene concentrations than nearby control sites. Bird guano greatly stimulates biological productivity in these extreme environments but also serves as a major source of industrial and agricultural pollutants in these remote ecosystems.     

Lead aerosols in the atmosphere: increasing concentrations

The concentrations of atmospheric lead around San Diego, California, have been determined and their geographic and seasonal variations are explained. The lead aerosol concentration at San Diego is increasing at a rate of 5 percent per year. The isotopic composition of lead aerosols is similar to that of the lead additives isolated from gasoline, which are the largest contributors to atmospheric lead pollution.     

陕西省小麦品种粉质特性的研究

研究了三类小麦材料粉质特性各参数间、地点间和年际间的变异特点以及各参数间的关系,结果表明:各粉质参数在品种间、地点间和年际间的变异大小都是形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和粉质质量数等远大于评价值,而评价值又远大于吸水率;同一参数在不同品种间的变异大小也不尽相同;各品种的不同参数虽在年际间、地点间均有较大的变异系数,但并未达到显著水平;大部分参数间的相关和回归系数均达到极显著水平。说明粉质性状主要由遗传因素决定,外因只起修饰性作用,大部分参数之间可以较可靠地相互预测。     

河南省济源市2006—2012年环境空气质量状况分析

根据济源市环境空气质量监测数据,对2006～2012年济源市环境空气质量状况进行了分析。结果表明,2006—2012年济源市的环境空气优良率总体呈上升趋势,二氧化硫、二氧化氮、可吸入颗粒物污染呈现下降趋势,但浓度仍相对较高,首要污染物主要为可吸入颗粒物,老城区的污染重于新区,采暖期浓度高于其他季节。     

茶叶中铅来源分析及相应去除对策

利用先进的同位素技术手段揭示我国某地茶叶中的铅来源,同位素示踪显示,除部分铅来源于土壤,茶叶中还有一部分铅来自于大气沉降物。为此,加强土壤修复治理和大气环境保护,控制汽车尾气排放、燃煤污染,减少道路交通及建设扬尘,是减轻茶叶铅污染的重要措施。     

一次重大雷灾事故的雷暴特征分析

通过对比分析闪电定位、多普勒雷达以及地面大气电场资料,探讨2013年9月14日重大雷灾事故的致灾过程中雷灾事发地的地闪活动和雷达回波之间以及地闪活动和地面大气电场之间的关系。结果发现,当回波顶高从8km达到13km以及垂直积分液态含水量值由33kg／rn。跃升至48kg／m2时,发生初闪;回波顶高的变化与地闪次数的变化呈正相关;回波强度在达53dBz以上后,与地闪次数的变化无明显对应关系;除峰值到达时间不一致外,垂直积分液态含水量与地闪次数变化趋势基本相同;地闪次数变化与地面大气电场场强值波动频率基本一致;同一时间不同地面大气电场仪的地面大气电场场强值波动幅度大小可以袁征该时刻发生的地闪与这些地面大气电场仪之间的距离远近。     

新乡4种主要绿化树种叶片硫含量与大气污染物硫浓度的关系研究

用多重比较法(LSD法)分析豫北地区不同功能区毛白杨、三球悬铃木、国槐和小叶白蜡叶片与叶面尘中硫含量、大气硫浓度的差异,分别拟合叶片硫含量与叶面尘中硫含量、叶片硫含量与大气硫浓度之间的回归模型,并利用多元回归分析法建立三者之间的关系。结果表明：4种绿化树种叶片硫含量和叶面降尘中的硫含量均随大气硫浓度的增加而增加,增加幅度由大至小依次是毛白杨、国槐、三球悬铃木和小叶白蜡;毛白杨、三球悬铃木、国槐和小叶白蜡叶片硫含量与叶面降尘中硫含量拟合一元回归模型的决定系数(R²)依次为0.917、0.951、0.956和0.890;4种绿化树种叶片硫含量与大气硫浓度拟合一元回归模型的R²分别为0.950、0.932、0.909和0.887;4种绿化树种叶片硫含量、叶面降尘中的硫含量与大气硫浓度三者拟合二元回归模型R²分别达0.978、0.960、0.967和0.899。所有模型的F检验均达到极显著水平,因此,绿化树种叶片及其叶面降尘均可作为大气硫化物污染的有效生物指示剂,可为区域环境监测提供理论参考。     

The nature of the near-infrared features on the venus night side

Near-infrared images of the Venus night side show bright contrast features that move from east to west, in the direction of the cloud-top atmospheric superrotation. Recently acquired images of the Venus night side along with earlier spectroscopic observations allow identification of the mechanisms that produce these features, their level of formation, and the wind velocities at those levels. The features are detectable only at wavelengths near 1.74 and 2.3 micrometers, in narrow atmospheric windows between the CO(2) and H(2)O bands. The brightest features have brightness temperatures near 480 Kelvin, whereas the darkest features are more than 50 Kelvin cooler. Several factors suggest that this radiation is emitted by hot gases at altitudes below 35 kilometers in the Venus atmosphere. The feature contrasts are produced as this thermal radiation passes through a higher, cooler, atmospheric layer that has horizontal variations in transparency. The 6.5-day east-west rotation period of the features indicates that equatorial wind speeds are near 70 meters per second in this upper layer. Similar wind speeds have been measured by entry probes and balloons at altitudes between 50 and 55 kilometers in the middle cloud layer. The bright features indicate that there are partial clearings in this cloud deck. The presence of these clearings could decrease the efficiency of the atmospheric greenhouse that maintains the high surface temperatures on Venus.     

Release of particles containing metals from vegetation into the atmosphere

Studies with radioisotopes indicate that in the laboratory pea plants and pine tree seedlings release zinc and lead into the atmosphere. Field studies carried out on radiolabeled plots vegetated with a variety of grasses and small herbaceous plants also show that these elements are released into the atmosphere. The metals, associated with particles of various sizes, are released from the plant surfaces, and the loss mechanism is influenced by growth conditions, the concentrations of the elements in the leaves, and meteorological factors. For plants whose leaves have about equal concentrations of zinc and lead, the amount of zinc released is usually two orders of magnitude greater than the amount of lead. The significance of the process is discussed in terms of the overall trace metal composition of atmospheric particulates.     

CO_2浓度对水稻籽粒蛋白质及氨基酸含量的影响

本试验通过开顶式气室控制CO2含量,研究了大气CO2增长对水稻籽粒蛋白质及氨基酸组分含量的影响。结果表明,在大气CO2含量（摩尔分数）为550和750μmol·mol^-1时,与正常大气CO2水平相比,水稻籽粒蛋白质含量和氨基酸总量有下降趋势,蛋白质含量呈下降趋势,分别下降3．10％和5．49％,氨基酸中的色氨酸和组氨酸下降幅度最大,分别为17．19％-35．16％和10．81％-28．38％。     

Does the release of potassium from astrocyte endfeet regulate cerebral blood flow?

Local increases in neuronal activity within the brain lead to dilation of blood vessels and to increased regional cerebral blood flow. Increases in extracellular potassium concentration are known to dilate cerebral arterioles. Recent studies have suggested that the potassium released by active neurons is transported through astrocytic glial cells and released from their endfeet onto blood vessels. The results of computer simulations of potassium dynamics in the brain indicate that the release of potassium from astrocyte endfeet raises perivascular potassium concentration much more rapidly and to higher levels than does diffusion of potassium through extracellular space, particularly when the site of a potassium increase is some distance from the vessel wall. On the basis of this finding, it is proposed that the release of potassium from astrocyte endfeet plays an important role in regulating regional cerebral blood flow in response to changes in neuronal activity.     

城市大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的源解析研究

[目的]研究吉林市大气颗粒物(TSP)样品中多环芳烃(PAHs)分布状况。[方法]对吉林市4个采样点2005年大气颗粒物中PAHs进行分析,分析检出的16种PAHs的浓度特征与污染状况,并采用因子分析与多元线性回归方法对大气颗粒物样品中PAHs进行源解析。[结果]区域内16种PAHs浓度最小值为0.006 6 ng/m3,最大值为137.480 2 ng/m3,样品∑PAHs浓度范围为14.239 4～445.436 5 ng/m3,平均浓度为118.775 6 ng/m3,非采暖期样品平均∑PAHs大于采暖期;主要污染物来源为汽油及天然气燃烧与燃煤源,贡献率分别为77.85%、18.42%,其他源贡献率为3.73%。[结论]该研究可为确定污染物来源、制定吉林市大气污染物防治规划提供理论依据。     

Earth's early atmosphere

Ideas about atmospheric composition and climate on the early Earth have evolved considerably over the last 30 years, but many uncertainties still remain. It is generally agreed that the atmosphere contained little or no free oxygen initially and that oxygen concentrations increased markedly near 2.0 billion years ago, but the precise timing of and reasons for its rise remain unexplained. Likewise, it is usually conceded that the atmospheric greenhouse effect must have been higher in the past to offset reduced solar luminosity, but the levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases required remain speculative. A better understanding of past atmospheric evolution is important to understanding the evolution of life and to predicting whether Earth-like planets might exist elsewhere in the galaxy.     

生活垃圾填埋场甲烷排放规律的短期监测

为了解国内生活垃圾填埋场封场后的甲烷排放规律及其影响因素,以静态箱法测试了杭州市天子岭卫生填埋场封场后的甲烷排放情况.24h周期内,2个测试点甲烷排放速率均值的变化范围为3.67～36.65 mmo·l(m²·h)^-1.2个测试点甲烷排放速率的最大比值为625,其差异可以根据覆土层厚度的不同得到解释.单点甲烷排放速率显示与大气压强和覆土层含水率的相关性,逐次回归结果分别为r²=0.89(测试点1)和r²     

A two-tiered approach to long-range climate forecasting

Long-range global climate forecasts were made by use of a model for predicting a tropical Pacific sea-surface temperature (SST) in tandem with an atmospheric general circulation model. The SST is predicted first at long lead times into the future. These ocean forecasts are then used to force the atmospheric model and so produce climate forecasts at lead times of the SST forecasts. Prediction of seven large climatic events of the 1970s to 1990s by this technique are in good agreement with observations over many regions of the globe.     

Lichen growth responses to stress induced by automobile exhaust pollution

Growth rates were significantly suppressed in juvenile thalli (less than 0.1 square millimeter in initial size) of the saxicolous lichen Pseudoparmelia baltimorensis from a Potomac River island with high atmospheric lead burden as compared to the case for a similar island with a lower lead burden. However, larger thalli showed no significant changes in growth response as a result of atmospheric pollution stress. Disruptions in lichen growth thus appear to affect life stages when growth is most rapid andfood reserves are low. Once a minimnum thallus size is attained, the stress tolerance of the lichen increases.