盛夏高水温对七种单细胞藻增殖的影响

１９９４年８月３日～１０日，在室内自然温度变化（２７～３１℃）条件下，对湛江叉鞭金藻、球等鞭金藻、牟氏角毛藻、新月菱形藻、盐藻、青岛大扁藻和日本小球藻等７种单细胞藻做了高温增殖培养试验。结果表明：在盛夏高温期间，生长最快的是扁藻和球等鞭金藻；生长一般的是叉鞭金藻、盐藻和小球藻；生长处于指数下降期的是新月菱形藻。     

不同氮营养盐对赫氏颗石藻和三角褐指藻中DMSP含量的影响

二甲基巯基丙酸内盐(dimethylsulfoniopropionate,DMSP)是地球上重要的有机硫化合物之一,在全球硫循环和气候调节等方面发挥着重要作用。浮游植物是海洋环境中DMSP的主要生产者,而氮营养盐是影响浮游植物产生DMSP的重要因素之一。本研究以赫氏颗石藻(Emiliania huxleyi)(DMSP高产量藻)与三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)(DMSP中等产量藻)为对象,通过室内培养实验,对比分析了在不同氮营养盐浓度及不同氮营养盐类型条件下,2种藻培养液中颗粒态DMSP (DMSPp)的含量及其与藻密度、单细胞DMSPp含量的关系。研究发现,不同氮营养盐浓度或氮营养盐类型对赫氏颗石藻单细胞DMSPp含量影响较小(P>0.05),培养液中的DMSPp浓度主要受藻细胞密度影响;而不同氮营养盐浓度或氮营养盐类型对三角褐指藻单细胞的DMSPp含量影响显著(P<0.05),培养液中的DMSPp浓度主要受藻的单细胞DMSPp含量影响。例如,对于三角褐指藻来说,低NO₃^-浓度(0μmol/L)...     

氮磷浓度及培养方式对长茎葡萄蕨藻（Caulerpa lentillifera）生长的影响

本文研究了不同的氮浓度、磷浓度及培养方式对长茎葡萄蕨藻生长的影响。结果表明：水体中的氮浓度对长茎葡萄蕨藻生长的影响具有差异,在试验范围内（0～50 mg.㎏-1）氮浓度升高至15 mg.㎏-1组藻体生长情况最好;水体中的磷浓度对长茎葡萄蕨藻生长的影响没有差异,在试验范围内（0～5 mg.㎏-1）4 mg.㎏-1组藻体生...     

不同粒径与浓度的清洁疏浚物对骨条藻生长的影响

采用室内模拟试验,研究了不同粒径、不同浓度的悬浮清洁疏浚物对骨条藻(Skeletonema sp.)生长的影响。结果表明,在96 h的试验周期里,0~16、16~63、63~88μm粒径范围的清洁疏浚物对骨条藻生长的影响极显著(P0.01),而88~125μm粒径范围清洁疏浚物培养液中10 mg/L浓度组对骨条藻生长影响不显著(P0.05)。在相同浓度清洁疏浚物培养液中,粒径越小,对骨条藻生长影响越大;在相同粒径清洁疏浚物培养液中,浓度越高,对骨条藻生长影响越大。0~16μm粒径清洁疏浚物对骨条藻生长的96 h-EC50为2 507 mg/L,88~125μm粒径清洁疏浚物对骨条藻生长的96 h-EC50为7 645 mg/L,随着清洁疏浚物粒径范围的变大,对骨条藻生长的抑制作用逐渐减小。本试验用疏浚物为清洁疏浚物,不用考虑疏浚物本身析出的污染成分对骨条藻生长的影响,而其可能通过遮光效应引起的藻细胞光合作用减弱是对骨条藻生长产生影响的主要限制因子。     

盛夏高水温与七种单细胞藻增殖的影响

１９９４年８月３日￣１０日，在室内自然温度变化（２７￣３１℃）条件下，对湛江叉鞭金藻，球等鞭金藻，牟氏角毛藻，新月菱形藻，盐藻，青岛大扁藻和日本小球藻等７种单细胞藻做了高温增殖培养试验，结果表明：在盛夏高温期间，生长最快的是扁藻和球等鞭金藻，生长一般的是叉鞭金藻，盐藻和小球藻，生长处于指数下降期的是新月菱形藻。     

单细胞藻类夏冬两季培育关键技术要点对比

正随着育苗控温设施的普及使用,鱼虾蟹贝全年人工育苗得以实施。单细胞藻类作为贝类、鱼和甲壳类幼体的优质适口饵料,其培育的好坏直接关系到育苗生产成败。单细胞藻在冬夏两季日常管理操作上有诸多不同,其原因在于单细胞藻生长过程中面临的环境不同。夏季高温、多雨,单细胞藻容易下沉、老化、生长菌膜、被原生动物污染。冬季低温,单细胞藻繁殖速度慢,极易发生藻类饵料供应不上。我们根据多年的生产实践经验,对单细胞藻类冬夏两季培育技术要点进     

不同条件下雨生红球藻生长的研究

以MAV为基本培养基，对雨生红球藻进行充气、不充气及添加不同浓度N aHCO3进行培养。结果发现，作为藻类生长因素之一的碳源，在培养雨生红球藻的过程中进行适量添加对促进该藻的生长是需要的。充气对雨生红球藻的生长有极显著的影响，促进该藻生长的最适NaHCO3浓度为0.2g/L。     

青霉素应用于三种海洋微藻保存培养的研究

本文采用青霉素处理三种常用海洋微藻，研究不同青霉素浓度对处理藻类的培养与保存的影响。结果得出：在第5d内2000IU／L以上浓度对三角褐指藻的生长有明显抑制，第10d以后各组生长率趋于一致；在100～1000IU／L范围内，添加青霉素有利于异胶藻的培养和保存，在青霉素浓度为500～1000IU／L时效果较好，培养至第4d的方差分析表明其对异胶藻培养有显著性差异；与对照组相比，浓度在250～1500IU／L范围内，青霉素对巴夫藻的生长有一定抑制作用，但其第4d的方差分析表明无显著性差异。     

Cu^2＋Zn^2＋和Cd^2＋对5种单细胞藻类生长的影响

报道承Ｃｕ＾２＋Ｚｎ＾２＋和Ｃｄ＾２＋的毒性作用下,三角褐指藻、湛江叉鞭藻、路氏巴夫藻、青岛大扁藻和小球藻等单细胞藻类的生长速度,密度都发生了不同程度的变化,叉鞭、扁藻及巴夫藻易中毒且恢复慢,当金属离子浓度较低时生长仍然缓慢。而小球藻和三角褐指藻耐毒能力较强,在２００×１０＾－６,甚至６００×１０＾－６离子浓度下仍可生长 。     

2种海洋微藻对氮浓度生长响应的研究

以中肋骨条藻和三角褐指藻为试验材料,探讨2种海洋微藻对氮浓度的生长适应性差异。结果发现2种海洋微藻的生长速率显著受氮浓度的影响。试验结束时,氮质量浓度为0.75、7.5、75 mg/L和150 mg/L时,中肋骨条藻的叶绿素荧光值分别为139.5、816.3、881.9μg/L和868.5μg/L;三角褐指藻的叶绿素荧光值分别为54.3、572.9、974.4μg/L和976.4μg/L,说明高质量浓度氮促进海洋微藻增殖,但超出一定的氮质量浓度范围,促进作用不明显。2种海洋微藻对氮质量浓度的生长响应存在显著差异,中肋骨条藻比三角褐指藻更忍耐低氮质量浓度的胁迫。结果证实氮营养在海洋微藻生长繁殖过程中的重要性,不同微藻对氮营养的生长适应性差异是决定微藻在海洋环境中占据优势程度的一个重要因素。     

中性柠檬酸菌对几种常见藻类生长的他感作用

在４５００～４８００ｌｕｘ光照,２６～２８℃的培养条件下,从绿裸藻（Ｅｕｇｌｅｎａｖｉｒｉｄｉｓ）水华中分离的优势菌种之一中性柠檬酸菌（Ｃｉｔｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｎｔｅｒｍｅｄｉｕｓ）的分泌物对斜生栅藻（Ｓｃｅｎｅｄｅｓｍｕｓｏｂｌｉｑｕｕｓ）、粉核小球藻（Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌａｐｙｒｅｎｏｉｄｏｓａ）、羊角月牙藻（Ｓｅｌｅｎａｓｔｒｕｍｃａｐｒｉ ｃｏｒｍｕｔｕｍ）、水华鱼腥藻（Ａｎａｂａｅｎａｆｌｏｓ－ａｑｕａｅ）和易变鱼腥藻（Ａｎａｂａｅｎａｖｑｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓ）的生长有促进作用;对银灰平裂藻（Ｍｅｒｉｓｍｏｐｅｄｉａｇｌａｕｃａ）、莱茵衣藻（Ｃｈｌａｍｙｄｏｎｏｎａｓｒｅｉｎｈａｒｄｉ）和铜绿微囊藻（Ｍｉｃｒｏｃｙｓｔｉｓａｅｒｕｇｉｕｏｓａ）的生长具有抑制作用。中性柠檬酸菌胞外分泌物能促进粉核小球藻细胞个体的长大,对其他藻类主要是影响细胞的大小。中性柠檬酸菌对不同藻类影响的差异对水华过程可能具有重要意义。     

饵料种类、温度和规格对硬壳蛤的同化率的影响

试验结果表明,温度和规格对硬壳蛤同化率的影响不显著(P>0.05);饵料种类对硬壳蛤同化率影响显著(P<0.05).其中小球藻和湛江等鞭金藻的同化率显著高于小新月菱形藻(P<0.05),而小新月菱形藻又显著高于扁藻(P<0.05).     

Settlement of larval top shell <Emphasis Type="Italic">Turbo (Batillus) cornutus</Emphasis> in response to several marine algae

ABSTRACT:     The settlement of larval top shell Turbo  ( Batillus )  cornutus in response to seven macroalgal and three benthic diatom species was examined in the laboratory. The percentages of larval settlement differed significantly among algal species, and were significantly higher on two red algal species ( Marginisporum crassissima , an articulated coralline alga, and Gelidium elegans , an agarophyte) than on the green algae, brown algae and benthic diatoms tested. Marginisporum crassissima induced larval settlement most strongly throughout the experiments. The percentage of larval settlement on a crustose coralline alga (unidentified species), which is known as a suitable substratum for abalone larvae, was much lower than on M. crassissima and G. elegans , which have morphologically complex growth forms . The percentage of settled individuals on ethanol-killed M. crassissima was much lower than on intact M. crassissima . The results indicate that physical structure is unlikely to be the main inducer of settlement; therefore, settlement of top shell larvae seems to be strongly induced by chemicals from the two red algal species. The specific distribution of juvenile top shell in the field may be at least partly determined by the strong induction of larval settlement by articulated coralline and gelidiacean algae.     

有毒铜绿微囊藻对大型溞生长和繁殖的影响研究

用铜绿微囊藻有毒株DS和无毒株573喂养大型溞,观察微囊藻对虫体的生长和繁殖的影响。试验结果表明,有毒的微囊藻不仅明显延缓大型溞的生长,而且阻碍虫体的怀卵和发育,并造成幼体产出困难、导致大型溞死亡率升高。无毒微囊藻虽然不影响虫体的生存,但影响其怀卵量和幼体产出。因此单一使用微囊藻饲喂大型溞不能保持其种群良好地生长和繁殖。     

南麂列岛贝藻生物的调查

本文通过实地调查研究并搜集有关资料后进行总结。结果表明:南麂列岛的贝藻种类非常丰富,共有贝类403种,藻类194种,分别占我国贝类、藻类总数的30％和20％。在保护区核心区,贝类的个体大小、种类和密度显著比其它非核心区大,说明保护区这几年的保护取得了很大的成绩。     

Lethal effect of filamentous algal blooms on Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) eggs in the Baltic Sea

1. During this study, the effects of epiphytic filamentous algae on the survival of demersal spawned fish eggs were investigated in one of the most important spawning grounds of herring in the western Baltic Sea, which is subject to intense and ongoing eutrophication.
2. In coastal marine ecosystems all over the world, eutrophication is a primary water quality issue, often resulting in mass developments of bloom‐forming algae. Macro‐algal blooms have immense ecological effects, as they alter the structure and the function of an ecosystem. Numerous fish species are affected, as they depend on those coastal areas for spawning and as juvenile habitats.
3. A comparison of the survival of herring eggs on two natural spawning beds re‐vealed an immense impact of a filamentous algal bloom. The mortality rate reached nearly 100% in the area with massive occurrence of filamentous brown algae.
4. Hypothesizing that the presence of filamentous algae facilitates herring egg mortality, field and laboratory experiments were conducted and revealed particular effects of distinct algal species. The survival rate of artificially spawned eggs on algal substrates and control substrates was compared. Whereas filamentous forms of the green alga Ulva intestinalis induced no immediate effect, significantly higher egg mortality was documented in experiments with the filamentous brown alga Pylaiella littoralis.
5. Considering the ecological and economical importance of herring and other coastal spawners on the one hand and the persisting and increasing effects of eutrophication and climate change on the other hand, the results of our study clearly underpin the necessity to increase global efforts to reduce nutrient loads in coastal waters.

     

Molecular identification of macroalgal fragments in gut contents of the sea urchin <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus</Emphasis>

In order to improve the efficiency of stock enhancement programs for the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, information on food algal species, which affect growth and gonad production greatly, is necessary. Since it is difficult to identify species from the macroalgal fragments within the gut contents of the sea urchin by microscopic observation, we tried to apply a DNA barcoding method for gut contents analysis. We used a partial rbcL gene sequence for taxonomic section and newly designed primer sets, respectively, for brown algae and for red algae. Direct sequencing of the PCR products was carried out. Species identification was based on the phylogenetic relationship. We could objectively identify four species and two taxonomic groups (genus or family) in brown algae, and two species and four taxonomic groups in red algae from the gut contents. Sargassum hemiphyllum was the most abundant brown alga in the gut contents but was not dominant in the study site. The result showed the importance of identification to the species level. In addition, red algal epiphytes were detected with brown algal fragments. The DNA barcoding method will enable the researchers to verify the important role of epiphytes as a potential food source.     

Effect of algal diet and temperature on the biochemical composition of the rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis

Rotifers were fed on four species of unicellular algae (Dunaliella tertiolecta, Pavlova lutheri, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Isochrysis galbana) at a range of temperatures. Measurements were made of growth rate, weight and level of total protein, carbohydrate and lipid. Large differences were found in rotifer weight and biochemical composition as a result of feeding and starvation. There were only minor differences attributable to the type of alga used as a food.     

Nualgi营养素、硅藻藻种对池塘水质和浮游植物的短期效应研究

为探讨短期内Nualgi营养素对池塘水质和藻类群落结构的影响,本研究在池塘中的不透水有底帆布围隔内共设计了4个试验组,依次分别添加Nualgi营养素(M1组)、补充硅藻藻种(M2组)、同时添加Nualgi营养素并补充硅藻藻种(M3组)、不做任何处理的空白对照(C组)。经过近一个月的试验,结果显示:各组的pH值、DO、TN、TP之间没有显著性差异;Nualgi可以显著降低水体中IP的含量,M1组和M3组的IP显著低于M2组和C组;M1组、M2组和M3组中的NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N和CODMn含量显著低于C组,表明Nualgi和硅藻藻种都可以显著降低水体中NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N和CODMn的含量,对养殖水质具有显著的调控效果。试验各组的藻类种群极为丰富,试验期间共检出浮游植物7门109属186种,其中绿藻门47属86种,硅藻门26属48种,蓝藻门18属27种,裸藻门11属17种,甲藻门3属3种,隐藻门2属3种,金藻门2属2种。结果显示:添加Nualgi和补充硅藻藻种都可以有效提高水体中硅藻的生物量并抑制绿藻和蓝藻的生长,同时可以改变水体中浮游植物的群落结构,试验进行到第20天时,M1组、M2组和M3组中硅藻的生物量均显著高于C组,绿藻和蓝藻的生物量显著低于C组。试验中,颗粒直链藻在M1组、M2组和M3组中成为优势藻种,但并未在C组中成为优势藻种,小空星藻和四足十字藻仅在C组中成为优势藻种,四尾栅藻在M1组、M2组和C组中均成为优势藻种。在试验期内,各试验组之间的多样性指数没有显著差异,香农-威纳指数均在2.00以上,表明Nualgi和硅藻藻种并没有影响到水体中藻类的多样性。     

莱州湾扇贝养殖区浮游藻类的生态特征

2015年4—11月对莱州湾扇贝养殖区的5个海域进行了8个航次的生态学调查,分析了浮游藻类的群落组成、密度、Shannon-Winner多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Margalef丰富度指数和McNaughton优势度指数。调查结果表明,调查海域共鉴定出浮游藻类7门73种,其中硅藻最多,共43种,占藻类种数的58.90%。藻类密度为0.76×104~70.12×104个/L,最高密度在6月,最低在11月。藻类多样性较好,发生赤潮的概率较小。