小型猪复合麻醉剂(XFM)对小型猪肝肾功能的影响

小型猪复合麻醉剂是由噻环乙胺、隆朋、强痛灵等药物组成的新型高效小型猪专用复合麻醉制剂。试验旨在研究小型猪复合麻醉剂对小型猪肝肾功能的影响,以评价此合剂的临床应用安全性,为兽医临床合理进行麻醉提供理论依据。试验按体重0．15mL／kg肌肉注射小型猪复合麻醉剂麻醉小型猪,观察麻醉前及麻醉后0．5,1,4,8,24,48,72,168小时不同时间点小型猪血清中谷丙转氨酶（GOT）、谷草转氨酶（GPT）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）的活性和肌酐（CR）、尿素氮（BUN）含量的变化。结果发现：用小型猪复合麻醉剂麻醉后,不同时间点小型猪血清中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶活性和肌酐、尿素氮含量与麻醉前相比差异不显著（P〉0．05）,在试验过程中各项监测指标均在生理范围内。因此,临床剂量的小型猪复合麻醉剂对小型猪肝肾功能无明显影响,该合剂组方合理,可安全地应用于小型猪的麻醉。     

3种复合麻醉剂对小型猪循环、呼吸指标的影响

为了比较3种常用复合麻醉剂对小型猪循环、呼吸影响,将中国实验用小型猪分成3组进行比较.第1组肌肉注射小型猪复合麻醉剂(XFM)0.15 mL/kg体重;第2组联合肌肉注射氯胺酮8 mg/kg体重、安定1 mg/kg体重;第3组联合肌肉注射速眠新Ⅱ0.1 mL/kg体重、戊巴比妥钠10.5 mg/kg体重.试验结果表明,氯胺酮和速眠新Ⅱ对小型猪麻醉后的循环、呼吸系统有一定的抑制作用,尤其使用速眠新Ⅱ进行麻醉的小型猪血氧饱和度(SpO2)下降明显.XFM麻醉后小型猪循环、呼吸系统无明显影响,SpO2、血压(BP)以及呼吸系统各指标均在生理正常范围内,比较之下更适合用于小型猪的麻醉.     

西藏小型猪心电图分析

通过对西藏小型猪心电图分析,寻求西藏小型猪心电图变化的规律,并与人类和贵州小型猪心电图进行比较,以期为西藏小型猪实验动物化提供心电图基本资料。用ECG-9020K心电图仪,描记完全清醒状态的西藏小型猪45头,选择Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ标准导联和aVR、aVL、aVF单极加压肢体导联的心电图。结果显示:①心电图均为窦性心率;②P波在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、aVF导联均为直立,在Ⅲ、aVL导联大部分直立,在aVR导联均倒置;③QRS综合波形在Ⅰ导联以qR为主,Ⅱ导联以qRs、Rs为主,Ⅲ导联以Rs、qRs为主,aVL导联以qRr、sr’和qr为主,aVR导联以rsr’、Qr和Q为主,aVF导联以Rs和qRs为主;④T波在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联中多为直立,在aVL、aVR导联中多为倒置;⑤各波间期时间(ms):P波(68.18±23.54),P-R间期(92.69±20.64),QRS间期(47.76±13.50),Q-T间期(225.93±45.03),Q-Tc间期(225.47±31.23)。西藏小型猪心电图特征与人心电图基本相似,但心率较快,P-R间期、QRS间期、S-T间期和Q-T间期较短及T波方向变化大;西藏小型猪心电图特征与贵州小型猪心电图很相似,但Q-T间期较贵州小型猪短。     

复合麻醉剂对小型猪循环和呼吸系统的影响

观察了复合麻醉剂(XFM)对小型猪循环和呼吸系统的影响.结果得出:注射XFM后,小型猪的血压及心率5~10 min时升至最高,之后逐渐下降,在80~100 min时降至最低;体温从注药后开始下降,在整个监测过程中体温下降幅度在2℃以内;动脉血氧饱和度在整个监测过程中都在90%以上;呼吸频率在5~10 min及80 min时出现显著的变化.综合分析后表明:XFM对小型猪呼吸、循环系统的影响短暂且轻微,证明XFM组方科学、合理、临床使用安全.     

小型猪复合麻醉剂特异性颉颃剂对小型猪各项血液指标的影响

小型猪复合麻醉剂(XFM)是东北农业大学外科教研室研制开发的一种小型猪专用复合麻醉剂,主要成分为噻环乙胺、噻拉嗪、强痛灵等[1]。现在已经完成了XFM对小型猪呼吸、循环系统的影响,肝     

小型猪特异性麻醉复合颉颃剂对小型猪脑电影响的试验

为研究小型猪特异性麻醉复合颉颃剂对小型猪脑电图的影响,本试验采用14头中国实验用小型猪,用XFM制作麻醉模型,小型猪特异性麻醉复合颉颃剂不同时间点分组给药,通过脑电图仪监测脑电波变化.结果表明,脑电波节律、频率和振幅呈现了相应的规律性变化,并在麻醉时间上实现了可控性,说明小型猪特异性麻醉复合颉颃剂对XFM表现出了良好的颉颃效果.     

小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂对小型猪血浆RAAS的影响

为了研究小型猪特异性麻醉拮抗剂对小型猪血浆肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)的影响,将14头中国实验用小型猪,随机分为单纯麻醉组(X/S组)和麻醉-催醒组(X/W组),肌肉注射小型猪特异性麻醉剂(XFM),记录麻醉前及麻醉后5 min、10 min、20 min、30 min无创血压和心率(HR);麻醉后30 min即刻,麻醉-催醒组肌肉注射小型猪特异性麻醉颉颉抗剂,单纯麻醉组肌肉注射相同量的生理盐水,并记录麻醉后32 min、35 min、40 min、60 min、90 min、120 min小型猪的无创血压及心率(HR),并于以上时间点采取前腔静脉血样。采用ELISA方法测定小型猪血浆中RAAS含量,并分析它们与心率和血压之间的相关性。结果显示,与对照组相比,在肌肉注射小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂后,无创血压、HR均明显的升高(P<0.01或P<0.05);小型猪血浆血管紧张素(AⅡ)浓度发生明显变化(P<0.05);血浆AⅡ的浓度与HR呈现显著负相关(P<0.05)。表明血浆中R-A-A-S参与了小型猪血流动力学变化的调节。     

小型猪复合麻醉剂对小型猪血流动力学及血浆中肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的影响

为了探讨小型猪复合麻醉剂对小型猪血流动力学的影响及其作用机制,选用14头中国实验用小型猪肌肉注射小型猪复合麻醉剂(0.15 mL·kg-1),并在注药前及注射药后5、10、30、45、60、80、100、120 min进行无创血压、心率(HR)的监测;并同步采取前腔静脉血样,采用放免法检测肾素(PRA)、血管紧张素(AⅡ)和醛固酮(ALD)活性/含量.试验结果表明:无创血压、HR主要是在注药后5～10 min及80 min时出现明显的改变(P<0.01或P<0.05).PRA、AⅡ和ALD与收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)及HR的变化趋势大致相似,且它们之间存在着一定的相关性,其中以SBP、DBP、MAP表现得明显.由此可以得出:PRA、A Ⅱ和ALD参与了小型猪复合麻醉剂引起的小型猪血流动力学变化过程,肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的变化可能是该复合制剂引起血流动力学变化的主要原因之一.     

氯胺酮对小型猪不同脑区氨基酸类神经递质的影响

为了研究氯胺酮麻醉剂对小型猪各脑区氨基酸类神经递质的影响,探讨氯胺酮的中枢麻醉机制。选取20只巴马香猪,随机分为对照组、诱导组、麻醉组和恢复组。通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术检测各脑区谷氨酸(GLU)、天门冬氨酸(ASP)、甘氨酸(GLY)和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的含量。结果表明,海马、丘脑、小脑和脑干是氯胺酮引起小型猪兴奋性神经递质变化的主要作用部位,大脑和丘脑是氯胺酮引起小型猪抑制性神经递质变化的主要作用部位。氯胺酮的中枢麻醉机制可能与抑制海马、丘脑、小脑和脑干内兴奋性神经递质释放,以及促进大脑和丘脑内抑制性神经递质释放相关。     

三种生长促进剂组合使用对断奶仔猪生产性能的影晌

试验研究了复制3种生长促进剂组合使用对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响.试验选择128头28±1日龄、平均断奶体重(7.78±0.74)kq的健康三元(杜×长×大)杂交仔猪,按体重和性别分成4个处理组,每个处理4个重复,每个重复8头仔猪.第1组为对照组,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮;第2组添加喹乙醇(50mg/kg)、阿散酸(150mg/kg);第3组添加喹乙醇(50mg/kg)、吉他霉素(60mg/kg);第4组添加喹乙醇(50mg/kg)、阿散酸(150mg/kg)、吉他霉素(60mg/kg).研究结果表明,各试验组日增重、料肉比得到显著改善(p＜0.05),腹泻率显著下降(p＜0.01).     

不同构型肉毒碱对草鱼生长的影响

1材料与方法 1.1试验材料 1.1.1试验鱼 　　一冬龄草鱼种 ,复兴鱼场购回 ,体长 20cm～ 30cm,体重 250g～ 300g,共 120尾。 1.1.2肉毒碱 　　北京桑普生化有限公司提供 ,纯度为 98％。 1.2试验设计 　　设计 4个试验组 ,分别为饲料中添加 D－型、 L－型、 DL－型肉毒碱 100mg/kg和 DL－型肉毒碱 200mg/kg。每个试验组设置 3个重复 ,每一重复 10尾草鱼。养殖试验 19d，测定草鱼相对生长率、瞬间生长率、饲料系数、饲料转化率和蛋白质效率。试验组饲料配方及营养指标见表 1。 表 1草鱼试验饲料配方及营养指标 项目试验组Ⅰ组Ⅱ组Ⅲ组Ⅳ组国…     

3种药物对体外培养猪囊尾蚴细胞膜代谢的影响

本试验通过检测脂类物质含量、糖-唾液酸含量变化、膜流动性变化,对体外培养猪囊尾蚴经阿苯哒唑、奥芬哒唑和三苯双脒分别作用后细胞膜代谢进行了研究.结果表明,奥芬哒唑对体外培养的未成熟期和成熟期猪囊尾蚴细胞膜代谢均有抑制作用;阿苯哒唑只抑制成熟期猪囊尾蚴细胞膜代谢;三苯双脒对末成熟期和成熟期猪囊尾蚴细胞膜代谢均无抑制作用.     

遮阴对三种豆科牧草光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响

为了探讨豆科牧草在遮阴条件下生态适应性及寻求适度的遮阴比例,系统研究了不同程度的遮阴处理(0%,48%,70%,95%)对3种豆科牧草的光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,随着遮阴强度的提高,白三叶的光补偿点和光饱和点减小,紫花苜蓿与草木樨在适度遮阴条件下可维持较低的光补偿点和光饱和点;3种豆科牧草叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素a+b的含量逐渐降低,且相同遮阴处理下白三叶均高于其他2种豆科牧草,紫花苜蓿在Y3处理条件下表现为叶绿素a/b值最大;3种豆科牧草PSⅡ受到损伤的程度为紫花苜蓿＞草木樨＞白三叶;遮阴会使白三叶与草木樨的ΦPSⅡ和qP略有降低,但在Y3处理条件下,白三叶的ΦPSⅡ和qP会略有增加,而紫花苜蓿随着遮阴强度的提高,其ΦPSⅡ和qP呈先增加后减小的趋势。3种豆科牧草的耐阴强度顺序为:白三叶＞草木樨＞紫花苜蓿,其中,白三叶在70％以上的遮阴强度下仍然可以长势良好,而草木樨在48％的遮阴强度下有利于生长,紫花苜蓿则受遮阴影响较大。     

不同因素对3种蜂蜜中淀粉酶活性的影响

淀粉酶活性是蜂蜜的常规检测指标之一。本文基于商品化蜂蜜的质量控制标准,对各处理条件下(熔蜜温度和时间、Fe~(3+)离子浓度、pH值和储存条件)的蜂蜜样品的淀粉酶活性进行测定,结果发现,与保温时间相比,加热温度是影响淀粉酶活性的主要因素。熔蜜过程中温度过高(60℃以上)和时间过长(2h以上)、Fe~(3+)离子等重金属离子超标(400mmol/l以上)、pH过高或者过低(最适pH值约为7.0)以及储存条件不当,其淀粉酶活性均会降低较快。3种蜜源的蜂蜜中,荆条蜂蜜淀粉酶活性受外界条件影响最小,枣花蜂蜜次之,最后是洋槐蜂蜜。     

三种氯霉素ELISA检测试剂盒评价

本试验选择三种氯霉素检测试剂盒(分别产于美国(A)、英国(B)和德国(G))及不同的前处理方法对牛奶及鸡肝组织中的氯霉素残留进行检测。从B／Bo-50％抑制浓度、检测范围、标准溶液浓度梯度、板内变异、板间变异、样品添加试验、实际样品检测等方面对三种试剂盒及前处理方法进行对比试验，结果表明试剂盒A、B、G对缓冲液配制的药物标准液的50％抑制浓度均低于1ng／mL；三种试剂盒的检测范围分别为0．1—2．0ng／mL(A)，0．14—21．0ng／mL(B)，0．05—4．05ng／mL(G)；板内变异系数均小于11．3％，板间变异系数均小于17．4％；样品回收率在70％-120％之间。     

A comparison of three combinations of injectable anesthetics in miniature donkeys

Objective To compare three combinations of injectable anesthetics in miniature donkeys for quality of induction, recovery, muscle relaxation, cardiopulmonary changes during anesthesia and duration of recumbency. Design Prospective, randomized experimental study. Animals Six miniature donkeys (< 90 cm in height at the withers) weighing 92–127 kg were used. Materials and methods The drug combinations were: xylazine?butorphanol?ketamine (XBK), xylazine?butorphanol?tiletamine?zolazepam (XBT) and xylazine?propofol (XP). Each miniature donkey was anesthetized with each combination at 1‐week intervals in random order. Heart and respiratory rates, indirect blood pressure and temperature were measured before and at 5‐minute intervals during recumbency. Arterial blood samples were drawn for blood‐gas analysis before and at 5, 15 and 30 minutes of anesthesia when samples could be collected. Recumbency time to sternal and time to standing were recorded and a subjective evaluation of induction, muscle relaxation and recovery were made. Results Mean recumbency time ± SD was 14.7 ± 9.4, 33.8 ± 6.3 and 14.6 ± 1.9 minutes with XBK, XBT and XP, respectively. Mean time to standing ± SD was 28.4 ± 11.3, 43.7 ± 7.2 and 26.3 ± 2.9 minutes with XBK, XBT and XP, respectively. Heart and respiratory rates and blood pressures varied from baseline but were always within normal ranges. Hemoglobin saturation, pH and PaO₂ tended to be lower with these doses of XBT and XP. Conclusions and clinical relevance Overall quality of anesthesia was poor with XBK. At the doses used this combination did not provide sufficient anesthesia compared with the combinations of XBT and XP, which appeared to provide acceptable anesthesia of short duration in miniature donkeys.     

Effects of disopyramide on the electrocardiogram and ventricular function in the unanesthetized dog

The antiarrhythmic compound disopyramide has been shown to possess negative inotropic effects. The present study was conducted to establish the effects of graded doses of disopyramide on ventricular function and electrocardiograms from healthy, awake dogs. Electrocardiograms and echocardiograms were obtained during a control period, and during an experimental period in which the six dogs on test received 7.5, 15 or 30 mg disopyramide per kg body weight orally three times per day. Six other dogs served as vehicle controls. No changes of statistical significance occurred in heart rate. The PQ interval was prolonged at all doses, the QRS complex was prolonged only at the highest dose, and the QT interval was prolonged at the intermediate and high doses. Left ventricular pre-ejection period (PEP) was prolonged in a dose-dependent relationship, and the left ventricular ejection time (ET) was shortened only at the highest dose. The percent shortening fraction of the left ventricle (% delta D) decreased significantly at intermediate and high doses, while the ratio of pre-ejection period to ejection time increased in a dose-dependent relationship. Conclusions are that even in therapeutic levels disopyramide produces significant reduction in left ventricular function, and that ratio of PEP/ET correlates better with the dose of disopyramide than did % delta D. This study demonstrates the feasibility of evaluating cardiac effects of compounds by non-invasive means.     

Effects of local anesthetics on healing of abdominal wounds in rabbits

The influence of lidocaine and bupivacaine on the breaking strength and histopathologic appearance of wounds in the ventral abdominal midline (linea alba) of rabbits was studied. In control rabbits, group 1 (n = 24), skin and subcutaneous tissues were incised, permitting direct infiltration of the linea alba with normal saline solution. The linea alba was then incised, and wound margins were apposed in layers, using absorbable suture material. Group 2 rabbits (n = 24) were given 0.5% lidocaine, group 3 rabbits (n = 24) were given 2% lidocaine, and group 4 rabbits (n = 24) were given 0.5% bupivacaine, rather than saline solution. Eight rabbits from each group were killed 6, 12, and 18 days after wounding. Eight 1.0-cm wide transverse strips were removed from the abdominal wall of each rabbit. Two strips were used for histopathologic evaluation and 6 were tested for failure, using a mechanical testing device. Breaking strengths in group 1 averaged 0.66 kg, 1.35 kg, and 1.57 kg at 6, 12, and 18 days, respectively. None of the test groups had significantly different (P greater than 0.05) breaking strength results as compared with that in controls. The histopathologic appearance of tissues infiltrated with local anesthetics did not vary consistently from that of tissues infiltrated with normal saline solution. Local infiltration of lidocaine and bupivacaine does not alter substantially the healing of midline abdominal incisions in rabbits.