NEFA BHBA对体外培养牛肝细胞的HP和SAA mRNA表达的影响

为了验证奶牛酮病发病过程中机体会产生大量的NEFA(非酯化脂肪酸)、BHBA(β-羟丁酸)可能是脂类代谢关键的调节因素。本试验通过对培养的牛肝细胞添加NEFA和BHBA研究NEFA以及BHBA对牛肝细胞的结合珠蛋白(hap-toglobin,HP)和血清淀粉样蛋白A (serum amyloid A protein,SAA) mRNA表达的影响。根据荧光定量PCR法测定NEFA、BHBA对体外培养牛肝细胞的HP和SAA mRNA表达的影响,以及NEFA、BHBA等代谢产物对急性期反应蛋白HP、SAA表达影响的结果,得出结论,中等浓度的NEFA对于体外新生犊牛肝细胞中的HP、SAA基因的表达具有促进作用,高浓度的NEFA对HP、SAA基因的表达影响较小;中等浓度的BHBA体外新生犊牛肝细胞中的HP、SAA基因的表达具有一定的抑制作用,中高浓度抑制作用不明显,对于SAA基因,只有BHBA在1. 2 mmol/L浓度下抑制作用明显,高浓度的BHBA对HP、SAA基因的表达影响很小。     

β-羟基丁酸增强奶牛中性粒细胞的黏附

奶牛亚临床酮病(subclinical ketosis, SCK)是一种围产期高产奶牛高发的代谢紊乱性疾病,伴有高酮血症和系统性炎性反应。中性粒细胞(polymorphonuclear granulocyte, PMN)在调控系统性炎症反应中起重要作用。β-羟基丁酸(β-hydroxybutyric acid, BHBA)可能通过增强PMN黏附提高其促炎能力,进而导致系统性炎性反应的发生,然而其调控机制尚不清楚。本研究根据血清BHBA水平筛选出对照组(CON,n=15,BHBA<0.6 mmol/L,Glu>3.0 mmol/L)和SCK组(n=15,1.2 mmol/L相似文献   

子宫内膜炎急性相蛋白与IL-6变化的研究

探讨急性相蛋白(C-反应蛋白、结合珠蛋白、血清淀粉样蛋白A)和细胞因子(IL-6)在不同程度的子宫内膜炎中的变化及其对子宫内膜炎的诊断意义.选用产后健康荷斯坦奶牛10头(N)为对照组;亚临床型子宫内膜炎组(SE),共28头;临床型子宫内膜炎组(CE),共30头,经颈静脉、子宫腔内分别获取血液样本及子宫分泌物,对其进行急性相蛋白和细胞因子的检测.结果表明,CE组和SE组血清和子宫分泌物中C-反应蛋白(CRP)、结合珠蛋白(Hp)、血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)和IL-6水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01),且CE组比SE组变化明显;在对照组子宫分泌物中未检测到Hp和SAA.随着子宫内细菌污染程度的加重,CRP、Hp、SAA、IL-6的水平也随着升高,血清和子宫分泌物中CRP、Hp、SAA、IL-6水平均可作为诊断子宫内膜炎的敏感指标.     

中药复方对隐性乳房炎奶牛血清中HP、SAA含量的影响

为了研究中药复方对隐性乳房炎奶牛血清中结合珠蛋白(HP)、淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)含量变化的影响,试验选用金银花、黄芪、川穹、穿山甲、芙蓉花、红花、通草、丝瓜络、连翘、蒲公英、紫花地丁、王不留行等中药按照一定比例组方,采用单纯的水煎浓缩法提取有效成分,对患隐性乳房炎泌乳奶牛进行内服治疗,并对健康牛和患隐性乳房炎奶牛血清中HP、SAA含量的变化进行了检测。结果表明:试验组奶牛在用药第15天、第21天时分别使血清中HP的含量下降到正常水平,与用药第0天相比差异明显;试验组奶牛在用药第15天时血清中的SAA的含量降到正常水平,与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05)。说明中药复方能够明显降低隐性乳房炎奶牛血清中HP、SAA的含量,对受损的乳腺上皮细胞在一定程度上起到修复作用,具有增强机体免疫力的作用,具有抗炎效果。     

急性期蛋白应用于动物健康检测的研究进展

急性期蛋白(APPs)是一类在一般情况下浓度较低,急性期反应(APR)时浓度急剧升高或下降的主要由肝脏合成的蛋白。不同的APPs在不同动物体内的浓度升高倍数不同,导致不同动物的主要APPs不同。常见的主要APPs包括C-反应蛋白(CRP)、触珠蛋白(Hp)、血清淀粉样A蛋白(SAA)、α1-酸性糖蛋白(AGP)、微管结合蛋白(MAP)等。文章对采用APPs作为一种新的检测方法用于实际生产中某些疾病的防控与诊断,以及动物体日常健康情况监察的研究进行了综述。     

非酯化脂肪酸与β-羟丁酸对体外培养牛肝细胞的结合珠蛋白和淀粉样蛋白-A浓度的影响

为了研究肝脏脂肪代谢产物非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)及β-羟丁酸(BHBA)在奶牛酮病发生过程中变化,试验采用ELISA方法,应用NEFA和BHBA在体外处理犊牛肝细胞,研究不同浓度的刺激因子对急性期反应蛋白结合珠蛋白(HP)以及淀粉样蛋白-A(SAA)浓度变化的作用。结果:在体外培养牛肝细胞中添加不同浓度的NEFA,对急性期反应蛋白HP、SAA具有正调控作用,低浓度(0.6 mmol/L)、中浓度(1.2 mmol/L)的NEFA对HP、SAA浓度促进作用更为明显,而中、低浓度组之间比较差异不明显(P0.05),高浓度(2.4 mmol/L)的NEFA调控作用不明显;在体外培养牛肝细胞中添加不同浓度的BHBA,对急性期反应蛋白HP、SAA具有负调控作用(下调作用),在中等浓度(1.2mmol/L)时BHBA对HP、SAA浓度降低的促进作用更为明显,而中、低浓度组间对HP影响差异不显著,对SAA影响差异显著(P0.05),对照组(0 mmol/L)与高浓度(2.4 mmol/L)时的调控作用不明显。说明NEFA是促进脂肪肝和酮病状态下急性期反应蛋白(包括HP和SAA)产生增加的主导因素,BHBA具有一定的抑制作用,但总体上无法扭转NEFA的促进作用。     

不同程度奶牛乳腺炎乳中血清淀粉样蛋白A的变化

目前国内主要通过测定乳汁体细胞数( somatic cell counts,SCC)对奶牛乳腺炎进行诊断[1],但SCC 的影响因素较多,而且不能及时地反映出奶牛乳房的炎症状态.已有研究表明,奶牛患乳腺炎时奶中急性期蛋白(acute phase protein,APP)的含量变化明显,在奶牛乳腺炎早期诊断中具有重要价值[2].因此,本试验通过检测不同程度奶牛乳腺炎乳中最为敏感的App[3]:血清淀粉样蛋白A(serum amyloid A,SAA)的浓度变化,研究乳腺炎发病程度与其之间的联系,为日后寻找和筛选一种在乳腺炎早期实时诊断和普遍适用的方法奠定了良好的基础.     

驴血液中主要急性期蛋白的筛选

为了筛选出驴血液中主要急性期蛋白(acute phase protein,APP),填补APP在驴上的空白并为驴临床疾病的早期诊断提供理论依据,试验采集70头驴颈静脉血后对血液生理指标、血液生化指标和急性期蛋白指标进行检测。结果表明:幼年临床病驴红细胞、血红蛋白、血细胞比容极显著高于幼年健康驴(P0.01);幼年临床病驴谷草转氨酶、尿素、磷含量显著高于幼年健康驴(P0.05)。成年临床病驴白细胞、中性粒细胞、单核细胞、总蛋白、尿素、肌酐和葡萄糖含量极显著高于成年健康驴(P0.01);而成年临床病驴嗜酸性粒细胞(P0.01)、血红蛋白(P0.01)、血细胞比容(P0.01)、血小板(P0.05)低于成年健康驴。C-反应蛋白(CRP)在健康驴与临床病驴血液中没有显著性差异(P0.05);成年临床病驴血液中触珠蛋白(HP)、血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)含量极显著高于成年健康驴(P0.01);幼年临床病驴血液中α1-酸性糖蛋白(α1-AGP)、SAA含量显著高于幼年健康驴(P0.05)。说明健康驴和临床病驴血液中SAA含量差异明显,不受年龄限制,其对健康状况的反应最为灵敏,因此SAA可作为驴血液中主要APP用于驴临床疾病的早期诊断。     

奶山羊隐性乳房炎模型的建立及早期诊断指标的研究

为选择和建立奶山羊隐性乳房炎的早期诊断指标，人工感染金黄色葡萄球菌并成功建立隐性乳房炎模型．检测了21d内奶山羊感染乳区乳中体细胞数和乳中的细菌浓度，模型奶山羊血液和乳中血清淀粉样蛋白A和结合珠蛋白的变化。同时做了各指标间的相关性分析。发现血清淀粉样蛋白A和结合珠蛋白在感染后血清中的浓度较感染前急剧升高，乳中血清淀粉样蛋白A和结合珠蛋白较感染前显著升高，各项指标呈显著正相关。结论为乳中血清淀粉样蛋白A和结合珠蛋白均可作为乳房金黄色葡萄球菌感染的敏感指标，且结合珠蛋白比血清淀粉样蛋白A更敏感。     

急性期蛋白在马兽医临床诊断中的应用

在马兽医临床实践中,应用较多的马匹急性期蛋白(APP)主要有血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)、血浆纤维蛋白(FIB)及结合珠蛋白(Hp)三种,笔者就APP在马兽医临床中的应用及将来的发展趋势做一综述,以期为我国马兽医临床工作提供新的思路。     

Antipenicillinase in the serum of dairy cows

Serum from dairy cows was tested for inhibitory effect on penicillinase from a penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain of mastitic origin. Among cows with subclinical mastitis caused by penicillin-resistant S. aureus there was a significantly higher frequency of individuals with penicillinajse-inhibiting serum than among healthy cows. Among the subclinical cases, a foregoing penicillin treatment of clinical mastitis appeared to increase the serum antipenicillinase activity.     

Acute phase protein concentrations in serum and milk from healthy cows, cows with clinical mastitis and cows with extramammary inflammatory conditions

The concentrations of the two acute phase proteins, serum amyloid A and haptoglobin, in serum and milk were compared in 10 cows with clinical mastitis, 11 cows with extramammary inflammatory conditions and 10 clinically healthy control cows. The concentrations of both acute phase proteins were higher in the serum and milk of the cows with mastitis than in the cows in the other two groups. Four of the cows with extramammary inflammatory conditions had serum amyloid A concentrations in serum above 100 microg/ml, but negligible concentrations in milk, indicating that a pathogen must be present in the mammary gland for serum amyloid A to accumulate in milk. The acute phase protein concentrations in milk increased significantly with increasing somatic cell count, suggesting that they may be indicators of the severity of an infection.     

Decreases in serum apolipoprotein B-100 and A-I concentrations in cows with milk fever and downer cows

Milk fever occurring during the peripartum period has been suggested to be caused by fatty liver developed during the nonlactating stage because diseased cows have increased serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and show hepatic lipidosis. In cows with fatty liver and related diseases such as ketosis, serum concentrations of apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 and apoA-I are decreased. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether apoB-100 and apoA-I concentrations are similarly decreased in cows with milk fever. Apolipoprotein concentrations were also measured in cows with downer syndrome, which has been suggested to be related, at least in part, to milk fever. Compared with healthy cows during early lactation, apoB-100 and apoA-I concentrations were decreased in cows with milk fever and also in downer cows. In cows with milk fever, the decreases in apoB-100 and apoA-I concentrations were associated with increased NEFA and decreased cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations. However, in downer cows, serum lipid concentration changes were not as distinct as in cows with milk fever. These results, coupled with previous findings on the decreases in apoB-100 and apoA-I concentrations of cows with fatty liver-related diseases, suggest that fatty liver is involved in the development of milk fever and partly in that of downer cow syndrome.     

Pharmacokinetics of lidocaine in serum and milk of mature Holstein cows

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of lidocaine in mature Holstein cows following an inverted L and caudal epidural nerve block. Plasma and milk concentrations were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography assay. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using a noncompartmental method. Following administration via inverted L nerve block, serum T_max was 0.521 ± 0.226 h and serum C_max was 572 ± 207 ng/mL. Serum AUC was 1348 ± 335 ng·h/mL. Apparent serum t_½β was 4.19 ± 1.69 h and MRT was 5.13 ± 2.33 h with clearance uncorrected for the extent of absorption of 2.75 ± 0.68 L/kg/h. The last measurable time of lidocaine detection in serum was 8.5 ± 1.4 h with a mean concentration of 51 ± 30 ng/mL. Milk T_max was detected at 1.75 ± 0.46 h with C_max of 300 ± 139 ng/mL. Milk AUC till the last time was 1869 ± 450 ng·h/mL with the mean AUC milk to AUC serum ratio of 1.439 ± 0.374. The last measurable time of lidocaine detection in milk was 32.5 ± 16.2 h with a mean concentration of 46 ± 30 ng/mL. There was no detectable lidocaine concentration in any samples following caudal epidural administration.     

乳房炎奶牛血清抗氧化相关指标的变化

为了探讨乳房炎对奶牛血清抗氧化相关指标的影响,随机选择48头泌乳期奶牛,比较正常奶牛与乳房炎奶牛血清中抗氧化酶、抗氧化维生素和微量元素的变化,进一步为奶牛乳房炎的发病机理、预防及控制提供研究基础。试验结果表明:乳房炎组奶牛血清中抗氧化酶中的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、总超氧化物岐化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著或极显著高于正常组(P0.05或P0.01);乳房炎组奶牛血清中Zn、Fe含量显著低于正常组(P0.05),而Cu含量与正常组差异不显著(P0.05);乳房炎组奶牛血清中V_C、V_E极显著低于正常组(P0.01)。这说明患牛体内Zn、Fe、V_C、V_E的显著下降在一定程度上影响乳房炎奶牛的康复。     

Changes of serum alkaline phosphatase activity in dry and lactational cows

Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were measured during dry and lactational periods to investigate the influence of lactation on serum ALP activity in cows. Higher levels of serum ALP activity were seen in lactational periods than in dry periods. The serum activities of bone-specific ALP (BALP), liver ALP (LALP), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and aspartate aminotransferase also increased in lactational periods. ALP activities in the bone extract and in whey were decreased at similar rates by the addition of lectin. Moreover, since the ALP band in whey was observed to have the same migration in polyacrylamide gel (PAG) disk electrophoresis as that of the bone extract, analysis of ALP isoenzymes by lectin affinity or PAG disk electrophoresis could not distinguish ALP originating from the mammary gland from that of bone. In this study, it was clear that the increased level of serum ALP activity was due to increases of BALP and LALP in lactational periods. However, the extent of the influence of ALP originating from the mammary glands on serum ALP activity was unknown. Judging from changes of BALP and TRAP activities in the serum and the correlation between the both, it was guessed that ALP originating from the mammary glands influenced serum ALP activity.     

血清微量元素与奶牛乳房炎发病关系的试验

生物体内的微量元素、维生素在清除自由基的过程中发挥着重要的生理功能,微量元素铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、硒(Se),锰(Mn)、铁(Fe)是某些抗氧化物酶的主要构成成分,发挥抗氧化作用;维生素A、维生素C、维生素E具有抗氧化作用,是生物体内良好的自由基清除剂[1].