NSP酶制剂对生长鹅小肠食糜黏度及盲肠微生物数量的影响

选择300只29日龄生长鹅进行28 d的饲养试验,研究在高纤维基础日粮中分别添加0.2%和0.4%的NSP酶制剂对生长鹩小肠食糜黏度及盲肠微生物数量的影响.对小肠食糜黏度的研究结果显示:0.2%与0.4%的NSP酶制剂对十二指肠食糜相对黏度的下降幅度分别为9.43%和10.69%(P<0.05),对空肠食糜相对黏度的下降幅度分别为10.74%和12.81%(P<0.05),对回肠食糜相对黏度的下降幅度分别为14.11%和15.03%(P<0.05).对盲肠微生物数量的研究结果显示:0.2%与0.4%的NSP酶制剂对盲肠大肠杆菌、双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌均无显著影响(P>0.05).     

酵母培养物对肉鸭生长性能和肠道菌群影响的研究

选取450只1日龄仙湖肉鸭,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复50只鸭。其中对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组在基础日粮中分别添加0.05%和0.1%酵母培养物,试验期为42d。试验结果表明:与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组体重提高4.3%,平均日增重提高4.4%,料肉比下降4.9%,差异显著(P0.05)。盲肠中乳酸杆菌数量提高63.6%,双歧杆菌数量提高2.1倍,大肠杆菌数量减少20倍,差异极显著(P0.01);试验Ⅰ组生长性能优于对照组(P0.05),盲肠中乳酸杆菌数量提高54.5%,双歧杆菌数量提高2.1倍,大肠杆菌数量减少1倍,差异极显著(P0.01)。肉鸭空肠中菌群结构与盲肠中结果一致。     

益生素、木聚糖酶和淀粉酶对朗德鹅产肝性能、脂肪沉积及血清生化指标的影响

为了研究益生素、木聚糖酶和淀粉酶对朗德鹅产肝性能、脂肪沉积、内脏器官及血液生化指标的影响,试验选取32只平均体重为(3.43±0.10) kg的健康朗德母鹅,随机分为4个组,每组8个重复,每个重复1只鹅.对照组朗德鹅填喂基础饲粮,木聚糖酶组、益生素组和淀粉酶组朗德鹅的饲粮是在基础饲粮中分别添加100 g/t木聚糖酶、4 000 g/t益生素、200 g/t淀粉酶,填饲期共23 d.结果表明:1)木聚糖酶组、益生素组、淀粉酶组朗德鹅的肥肝重分别比对照组提高了4.96%(P>0.05)、13.08%(P＜0.05)、2.88%(P>0.05);料肝比分别比对照组降低了6.86%(P>0.05)、15.75%(P>0.05)和6.24%(P>0.05).2)各添加剂组朗德鹅的腹脂重、肠脂重、皮下脂肪厚均高于对照组,其中益生素组的腹脂重、肠脂重显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).3)各添加剂组朗德鹅的法氏囊指数、脾脏指数均高于对照组,其中在脾脏指数方面达到了显著水平(P＜0.05);各添加剂组朗德鹅的腺肌胃指数相对于对照组均有降低的趋势(P>0.05),此外,益生素组的胰腺指数显著低于其他各组(P＜0.05).4)益生素组的血清葡萄糖含量最高,甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量最低,而木聚糖酶组和淀粉酶组的血清葡萄糖、甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量均高于对照组(P>0.05);益生素组的血清总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮和尿酸的含量及谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶的活性均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).可见,添加木聚糖酶、益生素和淀粉酶均能不同程度地提高朗德鹅的产肝性能,促进脂肪代谢,改善机体的消化和免疫状况,其中益生素的添加效果显著.     

混合芽孢杆菌对肉用仔鸡生产性能和盲肠微生物菌群的影响试验

地衣、凝集、枯草等多种芽孢杆菌混合后以0.1%、0.2%、0.3%的剂量添加到1～62日龄肉用土杂鸡的饲粮中,饲喂后结果显示,0.1%的添加量能明显提高其阶段增重、日增重以及屠宰率等生产性能(P＜0.05).不同剂量组对盲肠内的大肠杆菌等好氧菌和乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌等肠道厌氧菌在数量上及二者的比值上均有一定的影响.抗生素对照组大肠杆菌数显著高于0.1%组和对照组,乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌显著低于0.3%组,不同添加量之间无显著性差异(除双歧杆菌0.3%组显著高于0.1%组外,P＜0.05),二者的比值试验各组与对照组基本相近,均为1∶100左右,杆菌肽锌组较高为1:100.705.     

地衣芽孢杆菌对麻羽肉鸡肠道组织结构及盲肠微生物区系的影响

本文旨在研究地衣芽孢杆菌对麻羽肉鸡的肠道组织结构及其盲肠微生物区系的影响.试验选用300只1日龄肉鸡,随机分为5组.每组设4个重复,每个重复15只.I组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,不添加任何抗生素;Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组为试验组,分别在基础日粮中添加50、100和200 mg/kg的地衣芽孢杆菌;V组为抗生素组,在基础日粮中添加30 mg/kg的杆菌肽锌和6 mg/kg的硫酸抗敌素.试验期为70 d.结果表明,在28日龄时,Ⅱ组绒毛高度较I组增高了11.35%,较V组提高了5.81%,Ⅱ组肉鸡盲肠中大肠杆菌数量较I组显著降低(P<0.05),乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量显著高于V组(P<0.05);70日龄时,Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组肉鸡肠道隐窝深较I组分别变浅了25.67%和24.72%,差异显著(P<0.05),试组组肉鸡盲肠中大肠杆菌数较I组显著降低(P<0.05),Ⅱ组乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量显著高于V组(P<0.05).由此可见,日粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌有益于肉鸡的肠道发育和盲肠微生物区系平衡,饲养前期50 mg/kg添加水平,饲养后期200 mg/kg添加水平显著优化了肉鸡的肠道组织结构,抑制了盲肠中有害菌的生长.     

不同寡糖对肉仔鸡肠道微生物的影响

本试验研究了4种寡糖对健康艾维茵肉仔鸡肠道微生态的影响.选用健康艾维茵肉仔鸡20只,随机分为5个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复1只鸡,进行为期40 d的饲养试验.试验第1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,第2、3、4、5组为基础日粮中分别添加同一水平糖量(0.015％)的低聚异麦芽糖组(GOS)、低聚木糖组(XOs)、果寡糖组(FOS)、甘露寡糖组(MOS).饲喂40 d后,研究寡糖对内仔鸡盲肠微生物(乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、大肠杆菌)数量的影响.结果表明,各种低聚糖能显著降低肉仔鸡盲肠微生物中大肠杆菌的数量(P＜0.05),其中XOS能显著提高盲肠微生物中双歧杆菌与大肠杆菌的比值,显示出良好的促进双歧杆菌增值的作用;MOS能显著提高盲肠微生物中乳酸杆菌与大肠杆菌的比值,显示出良好的促进乳酸杆菌增值的作用.     

牛至油对肉鸡肠道微生物菌群的影响

选用100只1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组2个重复,每重复25只.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加100mg/kg的10%牛至油预混剂,连续饲喂30天.每组随机抽取10只鸡,测定空肠和盲肠的大肠杆菌、乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的数量.结果表明:试验组与对照组比较,空肠中乳酸杆菌数量增加(P＜0.05),双歧杆菌和大肠杆菌数量变化不显著(P＞0.05);盲肠中双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量增加(P＜0.05),大肠杆菌数量下降(P＜0.05).结论:牛至油可以改善肉鸡肠道微生物菌群结构.     

抗球虫中药制剂对肉鸡肠道微生物的影响研究

采用180只1日龄肉仔鸡随机分为5组,分别为对照组(第1组)、0.2%中宝杀球散组(第2组)、0.4%中宝杀球散组(第3组)、0.2%中草药+1 mg/kg地克珠利组(第4组)、0.4%中草药+1 mg/kg地克珠利组(第5组)研究抗球虫中药对肉鸡肠道微生物的影响.试验期为6周.结果表明,第3、4、5组肉鸡盲肠中大肠杆菌数量显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),盲肠的乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌及回肠、空肠的大肠杆菌、乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌均差异不显著(P＞0.05).综合结果推荐添加0.4%中宝杀球散.     

猪源约氏乳酸杆菌JJB3和枯草芽孢杆菌JS01对仔猪肠道分泌型免疫球蛋白A和菌群的影响

本文旨在研究不同来源的益生素对仔猪分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)和主要肠道菌群的影响.选取初生仔猪72头,分别饲喂猪源约氏乳酸杆菌JJB3和枯草芽孢杆菌JS01,检测粪样SIgA和主要肠道菌群.结果表明:采用双抗夹心ELISA方法检测粪样SIgA,不同处理组仔猪的SIgA水平没有显著差异,随日龄增加而降低,但是,益生素可以延缓仔猪断奶前抗体水平下降的速度,约氏乳酸杆菌的效果优于枯草芽孢杆菌.35日龄时,对照组大肠杆菌数量显著高于约氏乳酸杆菌组(P<0.05);在7、14和29日龄时,试验组梭菌的数量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);在7和21日龄时,约氏乳酸杆菌处理组消化球菌显著高于对照组(P<0.05);约氏乳酸杆菌组的肠球菌数量只是在29日龄显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组乳酸杆菌的数量只是在7日龄显著高于对照组(P<0.05);双歧杆菌在不同处理组之间都没有显著差异.添加这2种益生素均可以显著提高仔猪日增重和降低腹泻指数(P<0.05).该试验结果说明这2种益生素虽然对初生仔猪肠道SIgA没有显著影响,但是能增加肠道厌氧菌的数量,并有效控制仔猪腹泻和提高仔猪日增重.     

益生素和低聚木糖对断奶仔猪生产性能、消化酶活性、血液指标和肠道微生物的影响

选用(21±2)日龄体质量为(6.83±0.9)kg的PIC断奶仔猪240头,随机分为4个处理,正对照组(positive diet,PD)含有较多的鱼粉和乳清粉;负对照纽(negative diet,ND)舍有较少的鱼粉和乳清粉,较多的豆粕;负对照+0.035%益生素(negative diet+probiotics,ND+P);负对照+0.002%低聚木糖(negative diet+xylo-oligosaccharide,ND+X).饲喂至65日龄屠宰.结果显示,在断奶仔猪日粮中乳清粉和鱼粉从5.50%降低到2.50%,豆粕从22.50%增加到26.50%可导致仔猪消化道酶活性、血糖和血清总蛋白水平、盲肠乳酸杆菌数量降低(P<0.05),血清尿素氮、盲肠大肠杆菌数量、仔猪腹泻指数扣料重比增加(P<0.05).添加益生素和低聚木糖可以提高仔猪消化道蛋白质、脂肪和淀粉消化酶活性(P<0.05),降低料重比(P<0.05);提高血糖,降低血清尿素氮水平(P<0.05),改善蛋白质平衡和能量代谢;提高盲肠乳酸杆菌数量,减少大肠杆菌数量(P<0.05),降低仔猪的腹泻指数(P<0.05).添加益生素和低聚木糖与否,均不影响日增重和采食量(P>0.05).益生素和低聚木糖可以改善断奶仔猪的消化功能、后消化道有益菌群、饲料转化效率,防治仔猪腹泻.     

青海省部分地区藏羊肝脏六种微量元素水平的测定

对来自青海省海西州和海北州部分地区的37份藏羊肝脏样品中的铜、铁、钴、硒、钼和硒等六种微量元素水平进行了检测,结果显示,肝铜含量在34.45±7.37~168.62±57.85之间,处于铜缺乏状态;肝硒水平在0.0169±0.0026~0.0323±0.0033之间,各地均处于极度缺硒状态;肝钴水平在正常范围之内;肝铁平均水平为3572.21±1155.56μg/g,严重偏高;肝钼的水平略低于正常值;肝锌水平略高于正常水平。     

Effects of animal liver and bile extracts on biochemical values of rat ethanol‐induced fatty liver

The purposes of this study were to assess the improvement of fatty liver induced by ethanol with animal liver and bile extracts. This research aimed to increase the economic values of animal liver and bile extracts and used these to reduce damage of ethanol‐induced fatty liver. Extracts came from animal liver and bile, including pig bile powder, pig liver extract, a mixture of pig bile powder and pig liver extract, chicken bile powder, chicken liver extract, and a mixture of chicken bile powder and chicken liver extract, and these were fed to Long‐Evans rats. The results showed that rats fed ethanol for long terms could increase values of aspartate transaminase, cholesterol, γ‐glutamy‐transferase and alkaline phosphatase. Pig bile powder could decrease the values of aspartate transaminase, cholesterol and γ‐glutamy‐transferase. The significances also decreased on aspartate transaminase, γ‐glutamy‐transferase and aspartate transaminase, which were carried out with the pig liver extract treatment. These results suggest pig bile and liver extracts have high potential to improve rats' ethanol‐induced fatty liver with serum biochemical parameters.     

疑似新种--湖南花垣小鲵肝脏组织切片观察

为全面了解湖南湘西花垣小鲵,从而有效地保护和利用这一物种,应用常规组织切片方法对该小鲵的肝脏进行了观察研究,了解了小鲵肝脏的基本形态结构,为更深层次的研究其内部结构提供了材料。     

肝纤维化动物模型的研究进展

肝纤维化及其发生发展的研究已从细胞水平进入分子生物学水平。但肝纤维化动物模型的建立 ,仍是临床研究和实验研究的重点和难点。至今已建立的常见肝纤维化动物模型有 :1四氯化碳诱导肝纤维化动物模型 ;2异种动物血清诱导肝纤维化动物模型 ;3乙醇诱导肝纤维化动物模型 ;4二甲基亚硝胺诱导肝纤维化动物模型 ;5复合因素诱导肝纤维化模型。文章综述了每一种动物模型复制的方法与该模型的肝脏病理变化 ,并对几种常见的动物实验模型进行比较。因不同的动物模型具有不同的特点 ,建议根据实验的要求选择适当的模型。     

Changes in liver copper concentration of thoroughbred foals from birth to 160 days of age and the effect of prenatal copper supplementation of their dams

OBJECTIVES: To monitor the change in liver copper concentration of Thoroughbred foals from birth to 160 days of age and to determine the effects of supplementation by two injections of copper edetate given to dams in late gestation on the liver copper concentration of their foals at birth. PROCEDURE: Ten mares pregnant to the same stallion were randomised into two groups on the basis of age, liver copper concentration and expected foaling date. The treatment group mares were given 100 mg and 250 mg copper edetate intramuscularly during the ninth and tenth months of gestation respectively. Foals had liver biopsies taken weekly in the first month of life, then monthly for four months. Foals were euthanased at 160 days of age; liver samples were taken and the copper concentrations were determined. RESULTS: Two distinct patterns of age dependent decline in liver copper concentration were evident. The mean (+/- SD) liver copper concentration of the foals was high at birth (374 +/- 130 mg/kg DM), and for seven it declined to adult values by 160 days of age (21 +/- 6 mg/kg DM). In three foals the decline was at a slower rate than in the other seven and at 160 days of age the mean concentration was 162 +/- 32 mg/kg DM. Repeated measures analysis showed significant differences between each biopsy (P < 0.01) and between 'normal' and 'accumulator' foals (P < 0.002). Copper injections given to mares in late pregnancy had no effect on the liver copper concentration of foals at birth. CONCLUSIONS: The significance of the two patterns of age dependant decline in liver copper concentration is unknown. Parenteral copper supplementation of the dam in late gestation had no effect on the liver copper concentration of the foal at birth.     

EMPHYSEMATOUS HEPATIC ABSCESS ASSOCIATED WITH TRAUMA, NECROTIC HEPATIC NODULAR HYPERPLASIA AND ADENOMA IN A DOG: A CASE HISTORY REPORT

A 13-year-old male Setter-Springer crossbred dog was presented with signs of acute peritonitis three days after blunt abdominal trauma. In abdominal radiographs, a bubbly accumulation of gas in the central and cranioventral parts of the liver silhouette and mild peritoneal effusion were seen. At laparatomy, firm, necrotic, nodular hepatic masses containing gas were found to be ruptured. The histologic diagnoses were hepatic adenoma with hepatic necrosis and nodular hepatic hyperplasia. The pathogenesis of hepatic abscessation and the radiographic differential diagnosis of extraluminal abdominal gas are discussed.     

Research Progress on the Protective Mechanism and Application of Resveratrol to Common Liver Injury in Livestock and Poultry

In recent years,with the intensive and large-scale development of livestock and poultry breeding,livestock and poultry are vulnerable to liver damage caused by feed mildew, antibiotic abuse,hepatitis virus and other factors.Resveratrol is a natural plant extract which is widely found in many plants.It belongs to polyphenols,which can improve liver damage caused by liver disease in the field of food science and medicine.At the same time, resveratrol can effectively protect the liver of livestock and poultry,relieve inflammation stimulation,oxidative stress,apoptosis and other physiological or pathological conditions of liver damage.In addition,resveratrol can improve the liver damage caused by non-alcoholic fatty liver that is prone to appear in the growth and fattening stage by regulating the lipid metabolism of livestock and poultry.The authors summarized the research progress of the protective effect of resveratrol on liver injury of livestock and poultry, briefly described it's physical and chemical properties and related biological functions, such as anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidation,anti-apoptosis.At the same time,the main types and pathologic ways of liver injury in livestock and poultry were introduced, and the protective mechanism and signal pathway of resveratrol to liver injury in livestock and poultry were analyzed,in order to provide the basis for resveratrol to improve the common liver injury of livestock and poultry and improve the quality of livestock products,and to provide theoretical support for exploring the possibility of resveratrol as a new high quality feed additive.     

白藜芦醇对畜禽常见肝损伤保护机制及应用的研究进展

近年来随着畜禽养殖的集约化与规模化的不断发展,畜禽容易遭受来自饲料发霉、抗生素滥用及肝炎病毒等因素产生的肝损伤。白藜芦醇是一种广泛存在于多种植物中的天然植物提取物,属于多酚类物质,在食品科学和医学领域中可以改善肝脏疾病造成的肝损伤。同时,白藜芦醇可以有效保护畜禽肝脏,缓解炎症刺激、氧化应激以及细胞凋亡等生理或病理状态时产生的肝损伤。另外,白藜芦醇可以通过调节畜禽脂代谢,改善生长育肥阶段容易出现的非酒精性脂肪肝所导致的肝损伤。作者综合了白藜芦醇对畜禽肝损伤保护作用的研究进展,简述了白藜芦醇的理化性质和相关生物学功能,如抗炎、抗氧化、抗细胞凋亡,同时介绍了畜禽常见肝损伤的主要类型和病理途径,并分析了白藜芦醇对畜禽常见肝损伤保护机制和相关信号通路,以期为白藜芦醇通过改善畜禽常见肝损伤、提高畜产品品质提供依据,为探究白藜芦醇成为一种新型优质的饲料添加剂的可能性提供理论支撑。     

脂联素及其受体激动剂在禽脂肪性肝病中的应用展望

脂联素(adiponectin)是一种能参与调控糖和脂质代谢、能量调节、免疫反应以及抵抗炎症、氧化应激和细胞凋亡等多种生理过程的激素。禽脂肪性肝病是由于禽肝脏中脂肪酸合成与酯化、脂肪酸转运、脂肪酸氧化、脂肪分解和利用等代谢途径发生异常, 导致的脂类代谢紊乱、肝细胞脂肪变性和炎症反应。文章介绍了脂联素及其分子结构, 脂联素受体及其参与的信号通路, 并重点阐述了脂联素对肝脏脂质代谢、炎症、氧化应激、肝细胞凋亡与自噬方面的调节作用及机制, 以及脂联素受体激动剂的生理作用。同时, 结合禽脂肪性肝病的发生发展机制, 对脂联素及其受体激动剂的应用前景进行了展望。文章为预防和治疗禽类乃至其他动物的脂肪性肝病提供了新的思路。     

阿胶泡腾颗粒对小鼠造血功能及抗疲劳作用的影响

研究阿胶泡腾颗粒对小鼠造血功能及抗疲劳作用的影响.通过制造盐酸苯肼型贫血小鼠模型,考察了阿胶泡腾颗粒对贫血小鼠红细胞数量及血红蛋白含量的影响;通过负重游泳试验、肝指数及肝糖原含量的测定,考察了阿胶泡腾颗粒对小鼠抗疲劳作用的影响.结果表明,阿胶泡腾颗粒能使盐酸苯肼型贫血小鼠的红细胞数量及血红蛋白含量明显回升,与空白对照组...