家牦牛与不同野血牦牛染色体组型的比较分析

本文用外周血淋巴细胞培养法制备染色体标本,比较分析了家牦牛、１／２野血牦牛及３／４野血牦牛的染色体组型。结果表明：家牦牛、１／２野血牦牛和３／４野血牦牛的二倍体细胞染色体数目均为２ｎ＝６０,常染色体为近端着丝粒,性染色体为亚中着丝粒;家牦牛和野牦牛的染色体组型无明显差异。     

野血牦牛复壮家牦牛的效果测定

对l/2野血牦牛和家牦牛的初牛犊牛和6月龄1/4野血犊牛进行了生长发育指标的测定和比较。测定结果表明:1/4野血初生牦犊牛体高、体斜长、胸围和体重比家牦牛初生犊增加1.80cm、3.42cm、2.28cm和1.27kg,分别提高了3.51%、7.33%、4.12%和11.05%。6月龄l/4野血牦牛体高、体斜长、胸围和体重比同龄家牦牛增加4.78cm、5.10cm、6.74cm和7.94kg,分别提高了6.70%、6.90%、7.58%和20.00%(P<0.01)。结果表明,给家牦牛导入野牦牛血可促进牦牛的生长发育。     

对1／2和1／4野血牦犊牛生长发育的观测

１９９４～１９９６年在海南州赛什塘牧场对１／２和１／４野血牦犊牛的生长发育进行了观测。结果：１／２和１／４野血牦犊牛的初生重分别比家牦犊牛提高７．６５％和８．８６％（Ｐ＜０．０１）,１／２野血牦犊牛在初生时的体高、体长和胸围比家牦犊牛分别提高３．２１％,５．５７％,５．５１％;６月龄时分别提高９．５６％,１１．４６％,３．５９％;１８月龄时分别提高９．１８％,１７．５５％,７．６４％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

生长家牦牛与半血野牦牛产毛量的比较

对180头生长家牦牛和半血野牦牛的产毛量进行了测定。测定结果,家牦牛1岁1.263±0.239kg/头,2岁1.404±0.329kg/头;3岁1.501±0.326kg/头;半血牦牛相应为1.074±0.308kg/头,1.064±0.336kg/头,1.158±0.410kg/头。其绒毛产量分别为家牦牛0.605±0.143kg/头,0.711±0.216kg/头,0.635±0.246kg/头。半血野牦牛0.556±0.177kg/头,0.418±O.201kg/头,0.453±0.217kg/头。裙毛产量分别为家牦牛0.658±0.137kg/头,0.693 ±0.175kg/头,0.866±0.187kg/头。半血野牦牛0.518±0.211kg/头,0.646±0.257kg/头,O.705±0.258kg/头。结果表明,给家牦牛导入野牦牛血液进行血缘更新,牦牛的产绒、产毛性能未能得到提高。     

天峻县半野血牦牛弓形虫病血清学检测

应用弓形虫抗体间接血凝诊断试剂,对半血野公牦牛84份进行了弓形虫抗体的检测,结果检出22份阳性血清,血清阳性率26.19%。为该地区制定有效措施防治牦牛弓形虫病提供了一定的参考依据。     

野牦公牛血液生理指标测定

对青海省大通种牛场饲养的４头野牦公牛的９项血液生理指标进行测定。结果：ＲＢＣ１０．０±０．７４（１０＾１２／Ｌ），Ｈｂ１４４．５±１０．３（ｇ／Ｌ），ＰＣＶ０．４７±０．０３（Ｌ／Ｌ），ＷＢＣ１１．１５±１．０９（１０＾９／Ｌ），ＷＢＣ－ＤＣ（％）嗜酸性白细胞７．５０±３．４０，杆状核嗜中性白细胞０．２５±０．５０，分叶核嗜中性白细胞４４．２５±１３．５７，淋巴细胞４７．２５±１３．４３，单核细胞     

久治县含野血牦犊牛与当地同龄牦犊牛体尺的比较研究

对47头周岁含野血牦犊牛和21头当地同龄牦犊牛进行了体尺测定,结果：一岁含野血牦犊牛平均体高90.20cm,平均体长96.90cm,平均胸围117cm,平均管围12.70cm,平均活重93.40kg;一岁当地牦犊牛平均体高86.70cm,平均体长93.30cm,平均胸围115.90cm,平均管围13.00cm,平均活重88.20kg。表明一岁含野血牦犊牛的生长性能优于本地同龄牦犊牛。     

Quantitative Histology Studies on the Test in Hybrid Bull of Wild and Domestic Yak

The testicular tissue of three types of yak bull (1/2 wild yak,cross 1/2 wild yak and domestic yak) were studied quantitatively at 6,12,18 and 24 months old. The results showed that the average values changed from breed to breed at the same age. But there were no significant difference. The volume density and the height of seminiferous tubule and epithelium increased with the age and testicular weight. The capacity rate of the testicular seminiferous tubule in three types were 78.71% ,75.78% and 78.58% respectively, which nearly reached the level of mature bull.     

野牦公牛及1／2野血牦公牛驯化试验

为今后利用青藏高原野牦牛资源，在青海省大通种牛场对１头野牦公牛和６头１／２野血牦公牛采取人牛固定管理、长期相处、诱训亲善等系列措施，达到能够采精，完成驯化平均时间为１６５天，完成采精训练平均时间为２８．４天，采精训练次数平均１１．０６次。     

肃南县牦牛导入青海大通牛场野牦牛血液复壮效果调查

[目的]通过引进野血种公牦牛改良当地牦牛可有效遏止牦牛退化,进一步巩固和改善我县牦牛品种质量,恢复其原有的优良生产性能和品种特征,提高经济效益.[方法]本文以野牦牛和家牦牛杂交后代与家牦牛后代为研究对象,分别测定了杂种牦牛和家牦牛的初生、6月龄、18月龄体尺、体重.[结果]显示,在同等条件下,1/4野血牦牛初生、6月龄、18月龄体尺、体重均显著高于同龄家牦牛,经t检验差异极显著（P＜0.01）.[结论]用野血牦牛改良家牦牛,是目前更新复壮家牦牛群体的有效途径之一,能获得很强的杂种优势,对提高经济效益,增加农牧民收入,保护生态环境都具有十分重要的意义.     

Study on Production and Quality of Hair for Wild Yak with Domestic Yak

Production of hair and undercoat, type of yak hair fibre, strength, stretched length and ultrastructure of the hair fibre were determined and observed for WY, DY and its offspring in this study. The results showed that hair yield of the 1/2 WY raised by 19.73% and the undercoat by 14% (P＜0. 01)more than that of the DY. Its strength improved 8. 31% (P＞0.05) more than that of the DY. The stretched length and the ultrastructure of hair fibre were resemblance in the WY and DY.     

野血牦牛和本地牦牛舍饲育肥试验

家牦牛是半野生畜种,终年放牧,为验证野牦牛家养和育肥的可行性,本研究以野血牦牛为试验组,家牦牛为对照组,做了舍饲育肥试验,结果表明:2.5岁1/2野血牦牛、1/4野血牦牛比家牦牛多增重8.82 kg和6.21 kg,差异显著(P＜0.05);1.5岁1/2野血牦牛、1/4野血牦牛比家牦牛多增重9.71 kg和5.13 kg,差异显著(P＜0.05),结果表明野牦牛可以进行舍饲育肥.     

Study for Trend of genetic Resource on Wild Yak in China

In this paper, comprehensively studied inhabit environments, population size, population density and distribution regions on wild yak, the results showed that genetic resource of wild yak has been decreased from 1950' to 1980 ', after that, and its genetic resource began to show increasing trend in nature reserves due to protection measures strengthened.     

Comparison of Blood Physiological and Biological Indexes of the Polled Yak and Horned Yak

The blood physiological and biological indexes were determined in both polled and horned yaks, to investigate the differences of body condition and metabolism between the two breeds, and provide a comprehensive understanding for new yak breeds. Thirty physiological and biochemical indexes of the polled and horned yaks were measured, and all these data were analyzed by independent-samples t test to compare the same index between the two groups. The results showed that there were extremely significant differences (P<0.01) in 11 indexes,5 indexes reached significant differences (P<0.05) and no significant differences (P>0.05) in 14 indexes between the polled and horned yaks. The results suggested that the polled yak was easier to adapt to the plateau hypoxia and there were many differences in adaptability of plateau hypoxia, kidney metabolism, liver metabolism and the growth and development of the bone between the polled and horned yak. This study could provide scientific basis for better protection and utilization of yak and the selection of the new yak breeds.     

低海拔异地育肥牦牛与本地杂交肉牛(秦川×西门塔尔)在不同非蛋白氮水平饲粮条件下血液生理生化指标及生长性能的差异

为探究异地育肥牦牛模式,本试验对比了低海拔异地育肥耗牛与本地杂交肉牛(秦川×西门塔尔)在同等条件下血液生理生化指标和生长性能的差异。将体重相近的8头1岁本地杂交肉牛(秦川×西门塔尔)和8头4岁青海牦牛各分为2组,每组4头,同一品种的2组试验牛分别饲喂低非蛋白氮饲粮[LNPN,饲粮中缓释尿素添加量为1.0%(干物质基础)]和高非蛋白氮饲粮[HNPN,饲粮中缓释尿素添加量为1.5%(干物质基础)]。预试期10 d,正试期50 d。结果发现:牦牛与肉牛均在LNPN条件下表现出最高的平均日采食量和最小的料重比。饲粮非蛋白氮水平未对牦牛与肉牛的血常规指标造成显著影响(P0.05),但是牦牛在各饲粮条件下中性粒细胞数目(Gran#)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)、红细胞分布宽度标准差(RDW-SD)、平均血小板体积(MPV)和血小板分布宽度(PDW)显著高于肉牛(P0.05),而平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(M CHC)和血小板数目(PLT)显著低于肉牛(P0.05)。饲粮非蛋白氮水平未对肉牛和牦牛各项血清生化指标产生显著影响(P0.05)。牦牛在各饲粮条件下血清总蛋白(TP)、尿素氮(UN)、肌酐(GREA)、免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)、免疫球蛋白M(Ig M)和免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)水平均显著高于肉牛(P0.05)。牦牛在HNPN条件下的血清白蛋白(ALB)水平显著低于LNPN条件下(P0.05)。本试验结果表明,在肉牛和牦牛育肥饲粮中添加1.0%的缓释尿素替代饲粮蛋白质是可行的;低海拔异地育肥牦牛不会对牦牛健康产生不利影响。     

Development of a New Yak Breed Through Utilization of Wild Yak Genetic Rsource-seral Technologies for the Development of the Datong Yak Breed

On the Datong Yak Breeding Farm of Qinghai Province(Datong farm), the scientists of the Lanzhou Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Pharmaceutics of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, in collaboration with others,explored the possibility to cross wild yak bulls with domestic yak cows in the past 20years and a new yak breed, the Datong yak, has been developed.     

Study on The Isozyme of Wild Yak

We have adopted PAGE method to isolate lactic dehydrogenase(LDH)and α-amylase(α-Am)from wild yak's serum and measure the physical-chemical properties of the two components respectively. The results showed that the yak LDH isozyme distributed into five bands. The sequence according to their activity reads as LDH1 ＞ LDH2＞ LDH3 ＞ LDH4 ＞ LDH5. The subunit B is relatively occupied a dominant position. It got a wide operating pH range, high thermal stability,well denature resistance and a fairly large adaptability threshold on the physical-chemical change of surrounding environment. α-Am isozyme distributed into seven bands and also got a wide operating pH range. α-Am isozyme is high sensitivity to environmental temperature.     

Growth and Development of The Kunlun Type of Wild Yak

The observation of body height and weight of 10 captured wild yak shows the body height and weight of the wild yak at three and four months old were similar with that of domestic yak. At their 24 months old, the body height and weight were higher by 26.9 % and 62.5 % than that of the domestic ones. The results indicate that, once adapted to the half-shed and half-grazing conditions, the tamed Kunlun type of wild yak with superior genetics would grow and develop faster than the domestic yak at elder ages.     

Study on Intensity of Tissue Respiratory Metabolism in The Calves of Domestic Tak and Filial-generation of Wild Yak

The ITRM of liver, one of the important indexes of tissue respiratory metabolism in yak, is higher than other tissues. The relationship of ITRM and time belongs to the equation y = aebt. The ITRM of each tissue in reciprocal yaks were significant(P＜0.05) lower than that of the domestic yaks which showed that the adaptability to hypoxia of the reciprocal yaks were more powerful than the domestic yaks.     

Study on the Separation and Purification of Hemin from Yak Blood and Its Optimization

The study was conducted to separate and purify the hemin from yak blood and the optimal process of preparing the hemin was confirmed using blood meal,glacial acetic acid and sodium acetate methods. The purity and the yield of the extracted hemin in different methods were compared. The results showed that the purity of hemin in yak blood was 96% and the yield was 7.38 g/L using blood meal method under the optimal process of 40 min for ultrasonic treatment, 30 min for extraction,120 mL acid acetone and 9 mL sodium acetate. The purity of hemin was 80% and the yield was 6.10 g/L when the amount of glacial acetic acid was 3 times as much as blood cells amount using the glacial acetic acid method.The purity of hemin was 90% and the yield was 3.44 g/L when the amount of chloroform was 2 times as much as blood cells amount using sodium acetate method. The purity of the hemin from high to low was blood meal method,sodium acetate method and glacial acetic acid method,and that of the hemin yield was blood meal method,glacial acetic acid method and sodium acetate method by comparing the three preparation methods. So the blood meal method was more conducive to industrial production.