2,4-D、KT对棉花愈伤组织的诱导和体细胞胚胎发生的影响

诱导棉花下胚轴切段形成愈伤组织需要外源2,4-D,加入激动素(KT)可以增进2,4-D的效果.愈伤组织形成胚性细胞和胚性细胞团的过程需要2,4-D和KT的共同作用.KT可以促进胚性细胞团分化出胚状体,加入2,4-D则会降低KT的效果.采用2,4-D(0.05mg/L)+KT(0.1mg/L)诱导愈伤组织,60天后转移到无激素的液体培养基上振荡培养,得到了大量的胚状体.     

不同品系橡胶树花药愈伤诱导和体胚发生研究

为建立橡胶树不同品系的体胚发生和植株再生体系,为不同品系橡胶树良种生产奠定基础。以橡胶树优良品系‘热研106’、‘热试59’、‘热试62’的花药为材料,采用正交设计,对不同品系、不同植物生长调节剂配比培养基的花药愈伤和体胚诱导效果进行了研究。[结果]结果表明：3个品系的愈伤诱导率和体胚诱导效率差异明显,同一品系不同培养基的愈伤诱导率和体胚诱导效率差异明显;愈伤诱导培养基中的植物生长调节剂对下一阶段的体胚诱导有明显影响。根据本研究,‘热研106’的花药愈伤诱导最佳浓度组合为2,4-D 1 mg/L+NAA 2 mg/L+KT 1 mg/L,‘热试59’的花药愈伤组织诱导最佳浓度组合为2,4-D 0.5mg/L+NAA 1 mg/L+KT 1 mg/L,‘热试62’的花药愈伤组织诱导最佳浓度组合为2,4-D 1 mg/L+NAA 1 mg/L+KT 1 mg/L。‘热试62’的体胚发生最佳浓度组合为KT 3 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L+GA3 0.05 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L。[结论]本研究获得了不同品系的愈伤诱导和体胚发生最佳培养基组合,为多品系橡胶树花药植株再生体系的建立奠定了基础。     

荔枝胚性悬浮细胞系的快速建立及其体胚植株的再生

荔枝幼胚诱导的胚性培养物在低糖条件下连续继代4~6次左右,可筛选到颗粒细小、不含原胚的松散型胚性愈伤组织;以这种松散的胚性愈伤组织作为起始材料,在附加2,4-D 2mg/L或2,4-D 2mg/L、KT1 mg/L、AgNO3 5mg/L的MS液体启动培养基上振荡培养（100~120 r/min）10~14 d,即可建立起分散性良好的胚性悬浮细胞系。采用激素减半的2种启动培养基交替继代培养或周期性固体－液体轮回培养,可以长期保持胚性悬浮细胞系。荔枝胚性悬浮细胞在附加NAA 0.1 mg/L、KT 或Ze 5 mg/L、肌醇100 mg/L、蔗糖50g/L、琼脂10g/L的MS固体培养基上诱导体胚,25~40d后可形成大量胚状体,诱导体胚数量达10,000个/g FW以上。经过成熟培养后,正常的体胚75%以上萌发再生完整植株。     

珍稀濒危植物银鹊树胚性细胞悬浮系的建立和植株再生

以银鹊树未成熟种子为试材,对银鹊树胚性愈伤组织诱导和胚性细胞悬浮培养的最佳培养条件进行研究,初步建立了银鹊树胚性细胞悬浮系与植株再生体系。将银鹊树未成熟种子子叶胚接种在添加1.0 mg/L 2,4-D、0.5 g/L活性炭的MS基本培养基上,诱导胚性愈伤组织。将诱导得到的胚性愈伤组织置于添加0.2 mg/L 6-BA、0.05 mg/L NAA和3 g/L蔗糖的MS液体培养基上振荡培养,由此建立了增殖速度快、分散程度好、稳定性较强的胚性细胞悬浮体系。将悬浮培养获得的子叶胚转到不含任何植物生长调节物质的MS固体培养基中,可以长成正常植株。     

石刁柏幼胚胚状体发生与细胞学研究

以3个来自国外的石刁柏品种（C.IL,PURPLE和APOLLO）为试材,研究不同基因型以及培养基中添加2,4-D、KT、6-BA和NAA等生长物质对石刁柏幼胚胚状体发生的影响。结果表明,幼胚在MS＋2,4-D 1.0 mg/L＋KT 0.5mg/L＋6-BA 2.0 mg/L培养基中可直接诱导产生体细胞胚。降低2,4-D的浓度,将诱导产生的体细胞胚组织块继代培养2-3次可诱导产生出米黄色颗粒状的胚性愈伤组织,继而有胚状体的发生。胚性细胞继续分裂形成多细胞原胚,经球形胚、梨形胚、长形胚、子叶分化期到成熟胚,其发生的胚状体与单子叶合子胚形成具有相似的过程。     

石刁柏幼胚胚状体发生与细胞学研究

以3个来自国外的石刁柏品种(C.IL,PURPLE和APOLLO)为试材,研究不同基因型以及培养基中添加2,4-D、KT、6-BA和NAA等生长物质对石刁柏幼胚胚状体发生的影响.结果表明,幼胚在MS 2,4-D 1.0 mg/L KT 0.5 mg/L 6-BA 2.0 mg/L培养基中可直接诱导产生体细胞胚.降低2,4-D的浓度,将诱导产生的体细胞胚组织块继代培养2～3次可诱导产生出米黄色颗粒状的胚性愈伤组织,继而有胚状体的发生.胚性细胞继续分裂形成多细胞原胚,经球形胚、梨形胚、长形胚、子叶分化期到成熟胚,其发生的胚状体与单子叶合子胚形成具有相似的过程.     

连香树胚性细胞悬浮系的建立和植株再生

本试验以连香树授粉120 d后未成熟种子子叶胚为外植体,开展胚性愈伤诱导增殖和悬浮培养体系的研究,初步建立了连香树胚性细胞悬浮系与植株再生体系。将连香树未成熟子叶胚接种在添加0.5 mg/L6-BA+1.0 mg/L NAA+1.0 g/L AC的1/2 MS基本培养基上,进行胚性愈伤组织诱导,获得的愈伤组织在0.1 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA+0.5 g/L AC的1/2 MS固体培养基上进一步增殖培养。将得到的胚性愈伤组织置于添加5%聚乙二醇6000的1/2 MS的悬浮培养液中进行振荡培养,建立起细胞均一、增殖较快、稳定性较强的细胞悬浮系;将悬浮培养获得的胚性材料接种到添加5%香蕉汁的0.1 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA+0.5 g/L AC的MS固体培养基中进行培养,可分化出的子叶期体胚,将获得的子叶胚转接到添加1.0 mg/L IBA的WPM固体培养基中,体胚萌发再生成植株。     

樟子松无性系(GS1)胚性愈伤组织的初步诱导

本研究以樟子松无性系(GS1)为研究对象,探讨合子胚不同发育时期愈伤组织的诱导情况,探索不同培养基类型及不同激素配比对其愈伤组织诱导的影响,初步建立体胚发生技术体系,为樟子松(GS1)体胚发生技术建立和获得植株再生提供一定基础。本研究对樟子松无性系(GS1)合子胚不同发育时期进行观察并进行不同时期、不同激素体胚诱导。樟子松无性系(GS1)合子胚形态变化可划分为9个阶段,将这9个阶段的合子胚分别接种到不同培养基上进行诱导。结果显示,DCR培养基比MS和LM培养基更适合GS1愈伤组织的诱导和生长。第7阶段的合子胚在DCR+2,4-D 5.0 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L培养基上愈伤组织诱导率最高,在DCR+2,4-D 3.0 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L培养基上胚性愈伤组织诱导率最高。诱导过程会产生两种类型的愈伤组织,分别为白色透明状的愈伤组织和淡黄褐色愈伤组织。经显微观察有两种结构愈伤组织,一种是近球形的薄壁细胞结构,为非胚性愈伤组织;另一类是由胚性细胞和胚柄细胞组成的胚性细胞团。樟子松无性系(GS1)合子胚第7阶段的合...     

通过多种培养基优化长白落叶松体细胞胚再生

为建立稳定高效的落叶松体细胞胚再生体系,本研究以长白落叶松未成熟合子胚作为外植体材料,选择生长良好的胚性愈伤组织,依次通过液体培养基A,半固体培养基B,固体培养基C三种成熟培养基诱导体细胞胚形成。其中,愈伤诱导培养基为S培养基+2,4-D 1.0 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+KT 0.3 mg/L,蔗糖20 g/L,琼脂3 g/L;继代培养基为S培养基+2,4-D 0.15 mg/L+6-BA 0.05 mg/L+KT 0.05 mg/L,蔗糖30 g/L,琼脂6 g/L;成熟培养基A为S培养基+PEG-4000 100 g/L+ABA 15 mg/L+Ag NO310 mg/L,蔗糖45 g/L的液体培养基;成熟培养基B和C分别为添加了2 g/L和10 g/L琼脂的成熟培养基A。该方法体胚成熟时间为32 d左右,同步率为78.0%,正常形态体胚比例为83.0%。正常形态体胚形成效率可达223.0个/g胚性愈伤,体细胞胚萌发率可达47.2%。相较于单一成熟培养基,缩短成熟时间,使体胚生成更同步,并提高了体胚产量和质量。为落叶松体胚再生的商业化提供了途径,为大规模化育种繁殖、生理生化研究和转基因改良带来极大的方便,具有较大实际应用价值。     

甘薯体细胞胚状体及其在脱毒、扩繁中的应用

通过甘薯徐薯18茎尖体细胞培养诱导胚性愈伤组织和胚状体,建立了体细胞无性系.胚性愈伤和胚状体诱导培养基为MS附加0.5～2.0mg/L 2,4-D、0.5mg/L NAA、0.1mg/L BA及100mg/L HL.研究结果表明:采用茎尖体细胞胚胎发生途径能够同时实现试管苗的深度脱毒及大幅度提高扩繁量,脱病毒率达95%,扩繁量达382.9倍.田间种植该脱病毒种苗能     

基本培养基及蔗糖浓度对大白菜花药培养胚状体诱导的影响

以6个大白菜品种为试材进行花药培养,研究了不同基本培养基和蔗糖浓度对胚状体诱导的影响。结果表明,B5和Keller培养基为适适宜的基本培养基;培养基适宜的蔗糖浓度为8%~12%,最适浓度为10%。     

Plant Regeneration Through Anther Culture of Three Wild Species of Hordeum (H. murinum, H. marinum and H. bulbosum)

Plant regeneration was achieved through anther culture of three wild species of Hordeum (H. murinum, H. marinum and H, bulbosum). Calli or embryoids were formed from microspores in anthers cultured on a medium containing 6-benzylammopurine (BAP) and ficoll. These calli or embryoids regenerated green or albino shoots and roots after transfer to regeneration media. Green plantlets which developed on regeneration media were transferred to soil where they showed further growth.     

多效唑在小麦花药培养中应用的研究

在小麦花粉愈伤诱导及分化培养基中,加入一种三唑类化介物---多效唑(MET),对出愈率和绿苗分化率影响不明显,但当其浓度高于2mg/L时,会出现负效应。在小麦壮苗培养基中附加MET3 mg/L,萘乙酸(NAA)0.5mg/L,蔗糖8％,不仅可改善春性小麦花粉植株的生长状态,还可提高花粉苗染色体加倍率。若与将愈伤转入分化培养基以前先在含秋水仙碱250mg/L的MS培养基中处理1天这一方法相配合使用,将会出现更好的加倍效果。冬性小麦花粉植株的壮苗培养基中添加MET,可有效地防止花粉苗在越夏过程中老化,增加分蘖数,从而大幅度提高移栽成活率,但同时花粉植株的染色体加倍率有所下降。     

蔗糖与麦芽糖的配比对小麦花粉愈伤组织诱导的分化频率的影响

通过小麦花药培养基中蔗糖(Su)与麦芽糖(Ma)的配合使用研究,发现蔗糖与麦芽糖在最适配比时,能显著提高小麦花药培养效率.含9%蔗糖和2%麦芽糖的诱导培养基,花粉愈伤组织诱导频率和绿苗产量比仅含11%蔗糖的对照有显著的提高.诱导、分化培养基中同时使用适当配比的芳糖和麦芽糖，小麦花药培养效率提高更显著，在最佳组合时，绿苗     

Influence of Sucrose and Melibiose on Barley Anther Cultures in Starch Media

Anthers from the barley varieties ‘Arra’, ‘Dissa’ and ‘Ingrid’ were cultured in barley starch gelatinized nutrient media. The importance of osmosis in barley starch medium was studied by using sucrose or an inert carbohydrate, melibiose, as an osmoticum. It was found that in the barley starch medium sucrose was not necessary but energy and carbon could be obtained by tissue enzymatically from the starch. Together with the starch medium melibiose had revolutionary effects OB barley anther cultures. This system not only produced extremely high numbers of embryoids and green plantlets but also drastically reduced the number of albinos.     

诸葛菜小孢子培养及其单倍体减数分裂染色体配对观察

诸葛菜是一种极有价值的观赏、蔬菜、饲料和油料作物种质资源。为建立诸葛菜小孢子胚状体诱导再生植株技术,并为诸葛菜染色体组的起源与进化研究提供相关数据资料,本研究通过对诸葛菜游离小孢子的培养,研究了热激培养时间和活性炭浓度对胚状体产量的影响,并采用常规压片法对诸葛菜单倍体减数分裂染色体配对行为进行了观察。结果表明,添加活性炭和热激培养对胚状体诱导是必需的。在直径6 cm培养皿中培养4 mL密度为1花蕾花粉mL^-1的小孢子NLN悬液时,每皿添加1 mg活性炭和32℃热激3 d的培养条件下子叶形胚状体和总胚状体产量最高,分别为每花蕾0.92±0.18个和1.32±0.25个。子叶形胚状体在1/2 MS培养基上萌发率为27.73%。花粉植株中自然加倍率为25%,加倍植株染色体数为24,单倍体植株染色体数为12。诸葛菜单倍体减数分裂染色体的平均配对构型为n=12=6.352Ⅰ+2.008Ⅱ+0.384Ⅲ+0.12Ⅳ,具有二价体及三价体和四价体的细胞比例高达96%,少量细胞的12条染色体联会形成3个四价体,说明诸葛菜很可能是起源于染色体基数x=3的同源八倍体。本试验结果对于诸葛菜新材料新品种选育和基础研究具有重要参考价值。     

Effect of Sugars in Wheat Anther Culture Media

Sugars are critical components in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) anther culture media for successful somatic embryo initiation and plant regeneration. In this experiment, anthers from three wheat genotypes were cultured on a modified Liang's 85D12 initiation medium with seven sugar combinations (I-sugars: galactose, mannose, maltose, fructose, sucrose, glucose, maltose + glucose) at 0.26 M, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2 mg/L), 1-naphthalene acetic acid (1 mg/L), and glutamine (254 mg/L). Wheat starch (5 % W/V), a potential source of sugars, was used as the medium gelling agent. No previous research has studied the effect of different sugars with wheat starch. A split-plot experimental design with 42 replications was used with genotypes as whole plots and sugar combinations as subplots. Galactose and mannose did not support embryoid initiation and were dropped from the analysis. Averaged over the three genotypes, maltose was the best sugar (105 embryoids/100 anthers), followed by glucose (47 embryoids/100 anthers) and maltose + glucose (37 embryoids/100 anthers). These three sugar combinations were superior to the standard medium sugar, sucrose (24 embryoids/100 anthers), and to fructose (12 embryoids/100 anthers). The embryoids were divided into two groups for plant regeneration. The first group was transferred to regeneration medium (Liang 85D12 salts, sugars at 0.06 M, and wheat starch at 7 % w/v as gelling agent) with the same sugar (R-sugar) used as in initiation. The second group was transferred to regeneration media with sucrose. I+R-maltose (0.55)     

Effects of Growth Regulators and Genotypes on Callus and Embryoid Induction from Maize Anther Culture *

Fifty genotypes and ten growth-regulator combinations were used in two experiments (I and II) to investigate genotype and hormonal effects on production of callus and embryoids via anther culture in maize (Zea mays L.). Hormonal effects across all genotypes were not significant in either experiment. However, highest callus-induction frequencies in both experiments occurred on YP basal medium plus 2,4-D at 2.0 mg 1^?1, and kinetin at 1.5 mg 1^?1 indicating that this combination was more effective than others. Genotypic differences in callus or embryoid induction across all media were significant. The most responsive genotypes in experiment I were single-cross hybrids Yuanwu × 592 and K727 × K305, which produced 18.3 and 6.7 % calli, respectively, with their appropriate media. The most responsive entry in experiment II was CIMMYT Pool 29, which produced 15.0 % calli on appropriate medium and an average of 10.0 % calli across 10 media. Twenty-three plantlets was regenerated from this study. Most of them developed embryogenically.     

陆地棉体细胞植株再生及其移栽技术研究

以7个陆地棉（Gossypium hirsutum L.）品种为材料，对体细胞植株再生及移栽技术进行了研究。在含IAA和KT和0.5ppm的MSB培养基上，Coker312、Coker201、鲁棉1024、冀合3016和河南79等5个品种能形成数量不等的胚性愈伤组织，中棉12和邯郸14的愈伤组织继代后便褐化死亡。胚性愈伤组织振荡培养1个月以上转移到成熟培养基上获得大     

Addition of Colchicine to Wheat Anther Culture Media to Increase Doubled Haploid Plant Production

Chromosome doubling is critical for obtaining doubled-haploid plants from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) anther culture. The most common doubling method applies colchicine to the plant. However, colchicine is phytotoxic and can induce a high frequency of plant death. In this experiment, anthers from two wheat genotypes (“Pavon 76” and ‘Centurk’) were placed on nine embryoid initiation media having three sugar sources (maltose, sucrose, and maltose + glucose) with three colchicine concentrations (0.0, 0.1, and 0.2 g · l^-1). Wheat starch was used as a gelling agent. After three days, the anthers were washed and moved to fresh media without colchicine. Increasing the colchicine concentration decreased the number of embryoids produced from 77.4 embryoids/100 anthers to 29.9 embryoids/100 anthers, but did not significantly affect the frequency of plant regeneration (0.49 green plants/embryoid to 0.40 green plants/embryoid), and increased the frequency of doubled-haploid plants (19.0 doubled-haploid plants/100 green plants to 72.3 doubled-haploid plants/100 green plants). Considering the total number of doubled-haploid plants produced, low levels of colchicine added to the initiation media were very effective.