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1.
试验研究6种微生物制剂处理对湖羊瘤胃甲烷排放及体外发酵特性的影响,旨在筛选出有效降低瘤胃甲烷排放和改善瘤胃发酵性能的优势菌种及适宜添加剂量。每种菌剂分别设置对照组和3个不同浓度梯度的处理组,酵母菌:4×10~9、8×10~9、16×10~9 CFU/g,枯草芽孢杆菌:2×1010、3×1010、4×1010 CFU/g,地衣芽孢杆菌:2×1011、3×1011、4×1011 CFU/g,乳酸菌(植物乳杆菌、布氏乳杆菌,戊糖片球菌):3×10~6、6×10~6、12×10~6 CFU/g。体外发酵持续48 h,发酵结束后收集剩余底物及发酵液用于分析干物质降解率、p H、氨氮、微生物蛋白以及挥发性脂肪酸的含量。结果如下:与对照组相比,添加植物乳杆菌和布氏乳杆菌显著降低湖羊瘤胃甲烷排放(P<0.05);添加酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌显著提高总挥发性脂肪酸的含量(P<0.05)。总结来说,本试验降低甲烷排放的菌种中,6×10~6 CFU/g的植物乳杆菌性能更优,添加2×1010 CFU/g的枯草芽孢杆菌最有利于改善瘤胃发酵。  相似文献   

2.
葡萄籽精油对体外瘤胃发酵和甲烷生成的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过体外培养法研究发酵底物精粗比7∶3条件下,添加100,150和250μL/L葡萄籽精油对瘤胃发酵和甲烷产量的影响。采用气相色谱仪测定甲烷产量,培养24 h后,测定挥发性脂肪酸、pH、氨态氮浓度和原虫数。结果发现,添加葡萄籽精油100μL/L和150μL/L与对照组相比提高累计产气量、发酵液pH值(P<0.05)、乙酸摩尔比例,降低甲烷浓度(P<0.01)、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸和支链挥发性脂肪酸摩尔比例。葡萄籽精油添加量为150μL/L降低氨态氮浓度及瘤胃原虫数,添加100μL/L葡萄籽精油提高总挥发性脂肪酸。试验表明,适宜添加量的葡萄籽精油可以改变瘤胃发酵模式,增加丙酸乙酸比例,抑制甲烷生成。  相似文献   

3.
本试验旨在采用体外产气法研究4种天然植物精油(桉叶油、山苍子油、肉桂油和茴香油)对肉羊体外瘤胃发酵参数及甲烷(CH4)产量的影响。体外培养底物精粗比为60∶40,分别添加0(对照)、50、100、200和400 mg/L的桉叶油、山苍子油、肉桂油和茴香油,每种植物精油的每个浓度设置3个重复,体外模拟瘤胃发酵培养24 h,测定24 h产气量和气体中的CH4产量以及瘤胃发酵液的pH、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)和氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度。结果表明:1)添加山苍子油、茴香油显著影响了体外瘤胃发酵液pH(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,添加400 mg/L山苍子油、茴香油显著降低了总VFA浓度(P0.05),且随着山苍子油、茴香油添加浓度的增加呈线性下降趋势(P0.05);添加400 mg/L山苍子油和茴香油均显著增加了乙酸比例(P0.05),且随着山苍子油和茴香油添加浓度的增加呈先降低后升高的二次曲线趋势(P0.05);添加200 mg/L茴香油、400 mg/L桉叶油显著提高了丙酸比例(P0.05),而添加400 mg/L的山苍子油显著降低了丙酸比例(P0.05),且随着桉叶油、山苍子油、茴香油添加浓度的增加呈二次曲线变化趋势(P0.05);添加400 mg/L桉叶油、200 mg/L茴香油显著降低了乙酸/丙酸(P0.05),添加400 mg/L山苍子油显著增加了乙酸/丙酸(P0.05),且随着桉叶油、山苍子油、茴香油添加浓度的增加呈二次曲线变化趋势(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,添加400 mg/L茴香油显著降低了NH3-N含量(P0.05),且随着茴香油添加浓度的增加呈线性下降趋势(P0.05)。4)与对照组相比,添加400 mg/L山苍子油、茴香油均显著降低了产气量(P0.05),且随则山苍子油添加浓度的增加呈先增加后降低的二次曲线趋势(P0.05),随着茴香油添加浓度的增加呈线性下降趋势(P0.05);添加400 mg/L山苍子油、茴香油显著降低了CH4产量(P0.05),且随着山苍子油添加浓度的增加呈先增加后降低的二次曲线趋势(P0.05),随着茴香油添加浓度的增加呈线性下降趋势(P0.05)。由此可见,不同植物精油对体外瘤胃发酵参数和CH4产量的影响结果不同,且与植物精油浓度有关。  相似文献   

4.
大蒜油对体外瘤胃发酵、甲烷生成和微生物区系的影响   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
本试验旨在通过体外培养法研究大蒜油和脱臭大蒜油对瘤胃发酵、甲烷生成和微生物区系的影响.在体外培养过程中用压力读取式法(RPT系统)测定产气量,利用气相色谱仪测定甲烷产量.培养24 h后,测定挥发性脂肪酸、pH、氨态氮浓度,并用实时荧光定量PCR测定瘤胃微生物区系.研究发现,与对照组相比,添加大蒜油极显著降低甲烷产量(P<0.01),显著降低乙酸摩尔百分比和氨态氮浓度(P<0.05),显著提高丙酸摩尔百分比(P<0.05),对产气量和总挥发性脂肪酸含量也有显著地抑制作用(P<0.05),但抑制程度不如大蒜油对甲烷产量的抑制程度.添加脱臭大蒜油对甲烷产生也有一定作用,但效果不显著(P>0.05).添加大蒜油和脱臭大蒜油后甲烷菌和原虫含量极显著降低(P<0.01),且大蒜油的抑制作用强于脱臭大蒜油(P<0.01).试验结果表明.适宜浓度的大蒜油可以改变瘤胃发酵类型,增加丙酸摩尔百分比,显著抑制甲烷生成而不影响消化,这种改变与瘤胃微生物区系的变化密切相关;此外,大蒜油的作用效果明显强于脱臭大蒜油.  相似文献   

5.
在底物精粗比为6∶4的条件下,在底物中添加不同剂量[使发酵液中植物精油的浓度分别为0(对照)、50、100、200和400 mg/L]的丁子香酚、D-柠烯、茴香脑、肉桂醛、百里香酚或香芹酚,通过体外产气法比较研究不同植物精油对体外瘤胃发酵和甲烷(CH4)产量的影响。每种植物精油的每个剂量设3个重复。体外模拟瘤胃发酵培养24 h,测定产气量和气体中的CH4含量以及发酵液的p H、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)和氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度。结果表明:1)除百里香酚外,添加各种植物精油对体外发酵液p H均无显著影响(P0.05)。2)添加丁子香酚、D-柠烯、茴香脑和肉桂醛对体外发酵液总VFA浓度没有显著影响(P0.05),但总VFA浓度随百里香酚和香芹酚浓度的增加呈二次曲线变化(PQ0.01)。与对照组相比,添加400 mg/L百里香酚和香芹酚显著降低体外发酵液总VFA浓度(P0.01)。D-柠烯、茴香脑、百里香酚和香芹酚的添加改变了各VFA占总VFA的摩尔百分比。与对照组相比,添加50 mg/L D-柠烯和茴香脑使乙酸比例显著增加(P0.05),丙酸比例显著降低(P0.05);而添加400 mg/L D-柠烯和茴香脑则使乙酸比例显著下降(P0.05),丙酸和丁酸比例显著上升(P0.05)。百里香酚和香芹酚的添加对乙酸比例没有产生显著影响(P0.05),与对照组相比,400 mg/L百里香酚和香芹酚使丙酸比例显著下降(P0.05)。3)添加茴香脑、百里香酚和香芹酚显著影响体外发酵液NH3-N浓度(P0.05),与对照组相比,400 mg/L百里香酚和香芹酚显著降低NH3-N浓度(P0.05)。4)添加D-柠烯、茴香脑、肉桂醛对体外发酵24 h产气量没有显著影响(P0.05)。与对照组相比,各浓度的百里香酚和香芹酚均显著降低体外发酵24 h产气量(P0.05),且产气量随百里香酚和香芹酚浓度的增加呈二次曲线变化(PQ0.01)。5)添加D-柠烯、茴香脑和肉桂醛对体外发酵24 h CH4产量没有显著影响(P0.05)。与对照组相比,50和100 mg/L的丁子香酚显著增加体外发酵24 h CH4产量(P0.05),而400 mg/L的百里香酚和香芹酚体外发酵24 h CH4产量分别降低84.7%(P0.05)和73.9%(P0.05)。综合以上试验结果可知,不同植物精油对体外瘤胃发酵和CH4产量的影响结果不同,且与添加剂量有关。其中,低剂量的百里香酚和香芹酚促进体外瘤胃发酵,而高剂量的百里香酚和香芹酚抑制体外瘤胃发酵且显著降低24 h CH4产量。  相似文献   

6.
甘草提取物对绵羊瘤胃体外发酵及甲烷产量的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本试验旨在研究不同水平的甘草提取物对绵羊瘤胃体外发酵及甲烷产量的影响.选择3只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的卡拉库尔羊作为瘤胃液供体,通过体外产气法进行甘草提取物添加水平的筛选试验.以绵羊基础饲粮为底物,其中分别添加0(对照组)、0.5%、1.0%、3.0%、5.0%、7.0%的甘草提取物,分别培养6、9、12、15、18、21、24 h,研究其对瘤胃发酵参数(产气量、培养液pH、挥发性脂肪酸浓度、氨态氮浓度及甲烷产量)的影响,并应用多项指标综合指数进行评定.结果表明:24 h发酵结束时,5.0%组、7.0%组的产气量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);甘草提取物对培养液pH和氨态氮浓度无显著影响(P>0.05);试验组乙酸、丙酸浓度(除0.5%组21 h)均低于对照组;发酵24 h结束时,7.0%组甲烷产量显著低于对照组(P<0.05);多项指标综合指数1.0%组>0.5%组>7.0%组>3.0%组>5.0%组.结果显示:本试验条件下,添加1.0%甘草提取物最有利于体外发酵.  相似文献   

7.
单宁酸对绵羊瘤胃体外发酵和甲烷产量的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用Syringe体外培养体系研究了单宁酸(TA)对绵羊瘤胃发酵和甲烷产量的影响。试验设4个处理,TA添加量分别为4、6、8和10 mg,每个处理3个重复,同时设一个空白对照组。结果表明:体外培养24 h后,各处理组的体外产气量比对照组分别增加了3.4%、5.0%、10.1%和13.2%;试验组的甲烷产量均比对照组有所降低,且氨氮浓度极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),分别比对照组降低了8.7%、19.6%、16.7%和25.1%,而微生物蛋白的产量却显著升高(P<0.05)。在以黑麦草为底物的Syringe系统中,TA的适宜添加量为6~10 mg,即0.2~0.4 mg/mL瘤胃液,说明TA可以抑制体外培养系统中瘤胃甲烷的产量。  相似文献   

8.
本试验旨在研究啤酒糟不同比例替代豆粕对水牛体外瘤胃发酵特性和甲烷生成的影响.采用压力读取式体外产气系统进行体外瘤胃发酵,啤酒糟分别以0、25%、50%、75%和100%(风干基础)替代发酵底物中的豆粕.测定培养72 h内产气量变化、培养24 h后可消化有机物含量、代谢能、氨态氮浓度、微生物蛋白质浓度和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度以及24 h甲烷产量变化.结果表明:1)72 h累积产气量、可消化有机物含量和代谢能均随啤酒糟替代比例的增加而呈降低趋势;72 h累积产气量0组、25%组、50%组显著高于75%组(P<0.05),极显著高于100%组(P<0.01).2)氨态氮浓度25%组最高,极显著高于50%组和75%组(P<0.01);微生物蛋白质浓度0组最高,极显著高于75%组(P<0.01),显著高于100%组(P<0.05).3)25%组总挥发性脂肪酸浓度最高,显著高于75%组和100%组(P<0.05).4)6 h 0组、25%组和50%组甲烷产量显著低于75%组(P<0.05);12 h 75%组和100%组显著高于其他3组(P<0.05);24 h 75%组和100%组显著高于50%组(P<0.05),极显著高于0组和25%组(P<0.01).综合而言,啤酒糟作为水牛蛋白质饲料以0~50%替代豆粕对体外瘤胃发酵特性和甲烷生成无不良影响.  相似文献   

9.
本试验采用体外产气法研究饲粮中蒸汽压片玉米替代比例对牦牛体外瘤胃发酵参数及甲烷产量的影响.体外培养底物精粗比为7:3,采用单因素完全随机试验设计,设置11个组,蒸汽压片玉米替代精料中玉米的比例分别为0(对照组)、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、100%,每组3个重复.发酵48 h...  相似文献   

10.
本研究旨在通过体外发酵试验研究蜜蜂肽对瘤胃发酵参数及甲烷气体排放量的影响。本试验选用健康、体重[(40±3)kg]相近的高山美利奴羊(n=4)作为瘤胃液供体。试验采用单因子试验设计,共3个处理,在每千克干物质基础上,分别添加0、0.75、1.50 mg的蜜蜂肽,每个处理7个重复。发酵24 h后,冰水终止发酵,收集产气和发酵液,测定瘤胃发酵液pH,确定蜜蜂肽对发酵液气体产量、挥发性脂肪酸浓度以及部分微生物数量的影响。结果表明:体外发酵24 h,与不添加蜜蜂肽相比,添加0.75 mg蜜蜂肽能显著提高瘤胃内乙酸比例和乙酸/丙酸(P<0.05),显著降低丙酸比例(P<0.05),显著提高甲烷产量(P<0.05),有提高瘤胃pH(P=0.080)和普雷沃氏菌数量(P=0.078)的趋势。综上所述,在体外发酵24 h条件下,蜜蜂肽对绵羊瘤胃发酵有一定影响,能够调节绵羊瘤胃发酵模式。  相似文献   

11.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Effects of β‐cyclodextrin diallyl maleate (CD‐M) on methane production, ruminal fermentation and digestibility were studied both in vitro and in vivo. In in vitro study, diluted ruminal fluid (30 mL) was incubated anaerobically at 38°C for 6 and 24 h with or without CD‐M using hay plus concentrate (1.5:1) as a substrate. The CD‐M was added at different concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 g/L). The pH of the medium and numbers of protozoa were not affected by the addition of CD‐M. Total volatile fatty acids were increased and ammonia‐N was decreased, molar proportion of acetate was decreased and propionate was increased (P < 0.05) by CD‐M. Methane was inhibited (P < 0.05) by 14–76%. The effect of CD‐M on methane production and ruminal fermentation was further investigated in vivo using four Holstein steers in a cross‐over design. The steers were fed Sudangrass hay and concentrate mixture (1.5:1) with or without CD‐M (2% of feed dry matter) as a supplement. Ruminal proportion of acetate tended to decrease and that of propionate was increased (P < 0.05) 2 h after CD‐M dosing. Total viable counts, cellulolytic, sulfate reducing, acetogenic bacteria and protozoa were unaffected while methanogenic bacteria were decreased (P < 0.05) by CD‐M. The plasma concentration of glucose was increased, whereas that of urea‐N was decreased (P < 0.05). Methane was inhibited (P < 0.05) from 36.4 to 30.1 L/kg dry matter intake by the addition of CD‐M. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber were not affected while that of crude protein was increased (P < 0.05) in the medicated steers. These data suggested that dietary supplementation of CD‐M decreased methane production and improved nutrient use.  相似文献   

12.
    
This study was designed to obtain information on the residual influence of dietary monensin on ruminant fermentation, methanogenesis and bacterial population. Three ruminally cannulated crossbreed heifers (14 months old, 363 ± 11 kg) were fed Italian ryegrass straw and concentrate supplemented with monensin for 21 days before sampling. Rumen fluid samples were collected for analysis of short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles, monensin concentration, methanogens and rumen bacterial density. Post‐feeding rumen fluid was also collected to determine in vitro gas production. Monensin was eliminated from the rumen fluid within 3 days. The composition of SCFA varied after elimination of monensin, while total production of SCFA was 1.78 times higher than on the first day. Methane production increased 7 days after monensin administration ceased, whereas hydrogen production decreased. The methanogens and rumen bacterial copy numbers were unaffected by the withdrawal of monensin.  相似文献   

13.
    
This study aimed to compare feed intake, digestion, rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial community of 5 beef cows, 12 crossed ewes and 12 goats grazing together in spring–early summer on heather–gorse vegetation communities with an adjacent area of improved pasture. Organic matter intake (OMI) and digestibility (OMD) were estimated using alkane markers. Ruminal fluid samples were collected for measuring fermentation parameters, and studying the bacterial community using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP). Spot samples of urine were taken to determine purine derivative (PD) and creatinine concentrations to estimate microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. Herbaceous species were the main dietary component in all animal species. Cattle had higher (p < 0.05) daily OMI (g/kg LW0.75) and OMD, whereas sheep and goats showed similar values. The highest ammonia concentration was observed in sheep. Total VFA, acetate and butyrate concentrations were not influenced by animal species, while propionate concentrations in goats were 1.8 times lower (p < 0.05) than in sheep. Acetate:propionate ratio was greater (p < 0.05) in goats, whereas cattle excreted more allantoin (p < 0.05). Estimated supply of microbial N was higher in cows (p < 0.01), whereas the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis was lower (p < 0.01) in this animal species. Hierarchical clustering analysis indicated a clear effect of animal species on rumen bacterial structure. Differences among animal species were also observed in the relative frequency of several T‐RFs. Certain T‐RFs compatible with Lachnospiraceae, Proteobacteria and Clostridiales species were not found in goats, while these animals showed high relative frequencies of some fragments compatible with the Ruminococcaceae family that were not detected in sheep and cattle. Results suggest a close relationship between animals’ grazing behaviour and rumen bacterial structure and its function. Goats seem to show a greater specialization of their microbial populations to deal with the greater fibrous and tannin content of their diet.  相似文献   

14.
    
The efficacy of methane (CH4) suppression using medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) remains inconclusive, despite a number of studies on this topic are available. We thus carried out a meta-analysis to integrate the published data on different concentrations and types of MCFA such as lauric acid and myristic acid, which investigated ruminal methanogenesis and fermentation in in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro MCFA sources were classified either as pure MCFA (lauric acid, myristic acid and their combinations) or as natural MCFA-rich oils (canola oil enriched with lauric acids, coconut oil, krabok oil and palm kernel oil). The MCFA sources used in the in vivo studies were coconut oil, lauric acid, myristic acid and the combination of lauric and myristic acids. A total of 41 studies (20 in vitro and 21 in vivo studies) were compiled in our database, which included the data on CH4 emission, digestibility, ruminal fermentation products and microbial populations. The results showed that the amount of CH4 production per unit of digested organic matter decreased linearly under in vitro conditions (p < .01) and tended to decrease quadratically under in vivo conditions (p < .07) with increasing doses of MCFA. Populations of protozoa (p < .01) in both in vitro and in vivo responded negatively in a linear manner, whereas Archaea population diminished quadratically (p = .04) only in the in vitro conditions with increasing doses of MCFA. Increasing dietary MCFA concentrations also reduced the fibre digestibility linearly (p < .05) in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. CH4 production for different sources of MCFA decreased in following order: coconut oil > lauric acid > myristic acid > mixed lauric and myristic acids > palm kernel oil > canola oil enriched with lauric acids > krabok oil. It can be concluded that the effect of MCFA on ruminal methanogenesis depends on the amount and type of MCFA.  相似文献   

15.
试验旨在研究不同水平的粗蛋白(CP)及瘤胃非降解蛋白(RUP)的日粮对奶牛瘤胃代谢的影响。试验选择18头健康、体重相近的荷斯坦奶牛作为试验动物,随机分为6组,每组3头。采用2×3因子完全随机试验设计,其中CP设7.5%(低)、9.0%(中)、10.5%(高)3个水平,RUP设45%CP(低)、55%CP(高)2个水平,共6个处理组,饲喂相同基础日粮,精粗比为3∶7,预饲期10d,饲喂后2、4、8、12、24h从食道采集瘤胃液2d,测定瘤胃液pH值,NH3-N、微生物蛋白质(BCP)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量。结果表明,日粮CP水平对瘤胃液NH3-N浓度的影响极显著(P〈0.01),对BCP及VFA的含量影响较小,总体而言,9.0%CP水平组对奶牛的瘤胃发酵略好于其他两组;日粮中高RUP(55%CP)可以显著降低瘤胃pH值且有降低NH3-N浓度的趋势,同时,对瘤胃BCP及VFA的合成有一定的促进作用。该试验条件下,日粮中CP(9.0%)和RUP(55%CP)可在一定程度上改善瘤胃代谢。  相似文献   

16.
试验旨在研究不同水平的粗蛋白(CP)及瘤胃非降解蛋白(RUP)的日粮对奶牛瘤胃代谢的影响。试验选择18头健康、体重相近的荷斯坦奶牛作为试验动物,随机分为6组,每组3头。采用2×3因子完全随机试验设计,其中CP设7.5%(低)、9.0%(中)、10.5%(高)3个水平,RUP设45%CP(低)、55%CP(高)2个水平,共6个处理组,饲喂相同基础日粮,精粗比为3∶7,预饲期10d,饲喂后2、4、8、12、24h从食道采集瘤胃液2d,测定瘤胃液pH值,NH3-N、微生物蛋白质(BCP)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量。结果表明,日粮CP水平对瘤胃液NH3-N浓度的影响极显著(P<0.01),对BCP及VFA的含量影响较小,总体而言,9.0%CP水平组对奶牛的瘤胃发酵略好于其他两组;日粮中高RUP(55%CP)可以显著降低瘤胃pH值且有降低NH3-N浓度的趋势,同时,对瘤胃BCP及VFA的合成有一定的促进作用。该试验条件下,日粮中CP(9.0%)和RUP(55%CP)可在一定程度上改善瘤胃代谢。  相似文献   

17.
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of feeding different diets on fermentation, enzyme activities and microbial population in the rumen fluid of mithun (Bos frontalis). In a randomized block design, 20 male mithun (6–8 months of age, 152 ± 12.6 kg body weight) were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 5/group) and fed experimental diets ad libitum for 180 days. The diet R1 contained tree foliages (TF), R2 comprised of 50% concentrate mixture (CM) and 50% TF, R3 contained 50% CM and 50% rice straw, and R4 contained 50% CM, 25% TF and 25% rice straw. Rumen liquor was collected at 0 and 180 days of the experiment for estimation of different ruminal parameters and a digestion trial was conducted at the end of the experiment. Rumen fluid was analysed for pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3‐N), total‐N, ruminal enzymes, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and microbial profile. The relative quantification of ruminal microbes was carried out with real‐time PCR using bacteria as the house keeping gene. The dry matter intake, nutrients digestibility, body weight gain, NH3‐N, total‐N, carboxymethyl cellulase, avicelase, xylanase, amylase, protease and molar proportion of butyrate were (p < 0.05) higher in mithun fed R2, R3 and R4 compared to those fed R1 diet. In contrast, increased (p < 0.05) ruminal pH, molar proportion of acetate and, acetate to propionate ratio was recorded in mithun fed only TF than those fed concentrate supplemented diets. Similarly, an increase (p < 0.05) in the population of Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and total bacteria were evident in mithun fed R2, R3 and R4 compared to those fed R1. Therefore, it is concluded that TF 25% and/or rice straw 25% along with CM 50% may be fed to the growing mithun for improved rumen ecology, nutrient utilization and thus better performance under stall fed system.  相似文献   

18.
试验旨在研究不同水平的粗蛋白(CP)及瘤胃非降解蛋白(RUP)的日粮对奶牛瘤胃代谢的影响。试验选择18头健康、体重相近的荷斯坦奶牛作为试验动物,随机分为6组,每组3头。采用2×3因子完全随机试验设计,其中CP设7.5%(低)、9%(中)1、0.5%(高)三个水平,RUP设45%CP(低)、55%CP(高)两个水平,共6个处理组,饲喂相同基础日粮,精粗比为3:7,预饲期10 d,饲喂后2、4、8、12、24 h从食道采集瘤胃液2 d,测定瘤胃液pH值,NH3-N、微生物蛋白质(BCP)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量。结果表明:日粮CP水平对瘤胃液氨氮浓度的影响极显著(P<0.01),对BCP及VFA的含量影响较小,总体而言,9%CP水平组对奶牛的瘤胃发酵略好于其他两组;日粮中高RUP(55%CP)可以显著降低瘤胃pH值且有降低NH3-N浓度的趋势,同时,对瘤胃BCP及VFA的合成有一定的促进作用。本试验条件下,日粮中CP(9%)和RUP(55%CP)可在一定程度上改善瘤胃代谢。  相似文献   

19.
    
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ensiling fruit byproducts on their chemical composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation. Persimmon peel (PP), white grape pomace (WGP), and red grape pomace (RGP) were ensiled for 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Fresh and ensiled PP, WGP, and RGP were used for in vitro rumen fermentation with or without polyethylene glycol (PEG). The non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) content of the byproducts decreased after ensiling, especially for PP. The total tannin content was not changed after ensiling for up to 4 weeks for all byproducts. However, the soluble tannin content in PP decreased but that in grape pomaces was unaffected by ensiling. Gas production, total volatile fatty acid concentration, and methane production by in vitro rumen fermentation for PP and WGP were reduced by ensiling, and increased by adding PEG, except for gas production from the PP silage. These results indicated that changes in the fractions of carbohydrate and tannins during the ensiling process were different between PP and grape pomace. Even though the insolubilization of tannins in PP during ensiling reduced its inhibitory effect on ruminal fermentability, the ensiling PP seemed to remain the ability to mitigate methanogenesis in the rumen.  相似文献   

20.
稀释率对新型固液气分流式瘤胃模拟系统发酵效果的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本试验旨在研究稀释率对新型固液气分流式瘤胃模拟系统发酵效果的影响.采用单因子完全随机试验设计,共设4个处理,各处理稀释率分别为6%/h、8%/h、10%/h、12%/h,每个处理3个重复,每个重复1个发酵罐.试验期10 d.结果表明:随着稀释率的提高,发酵液pH极显著提高(P<0.01),而氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度则极显著降低(P<0.01).稀释率由6%/h上升到10%/h,总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)及戊酸浓度极显著下降(P<0.01).稀释率从6%/h提高到8%/h时,原虫数量极显著提高了6.91% (P <0.01),但当稀释率从8%/h提高到12%/h时,原虫数量却极显著下降了5.18% (P <0.01).随着稀释率从6%/h增加到10%/h,木聚糖酶活性(P<0.01)及微生物蛋白质(MCP)产量(P<0.05)显著或极显著降低,粗蛋白质体外消失率极显著升高(P<0.01).稀释率为10%/h和12%/h的2个处理,中性洗涤纤维体外消失率显著高于另外2个处理(P<0.05).结果提示,稀释率能够影响新型固液气分流式瘤胃模拟系统的发酵情况,稀释率为8%/h时,原虫数量以及纤维素类酶活性、各瘤胃发酵参数更加有利于发酵,因此可推荐作为本系统最优运行条件.  相似文献   

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