山羊天然富硒饲料中毒时毛,血及组织中硒含量的变化

本研究用陕西省紫阳县双安所产富硒玉米饲喂山羊引起硒中毒后，测定毛、血及组织中硒含量的变化及其相关性。实验证明：血硒含量高于０．２μｇ／ｇ可作为山羊硒中毒的早期诊断指征；血硒含量高于０．５μｇ／ｇ、毛硒含量高于３μｇ／ｇ，临床症状明显，可作为山羊硒中毒的诊断指标；其毛硒和血硒含量变化之间呈正相关，且与临床症状相一致。山羊硒中毒后其组织中硒含量以肾脏最高，肝脏次之。两脏器病理变化亦最严重。     

富硒日粮对波杂肉山羊体组织硒储留和肉品质的影响

选健康、体重相近的波杂肉山羊16只,按平均体重相近分成对照组和富硒组,每组8只(体重差异不显著),两组基础日粮相同.富硒组日粮在对照组日粮基础上添加0.36%富硒蛋白粉,硒含量为0.557mg/kg.经过42d试验,结果表明:与对照组相比,富硒组羊体组织中背最长肌肉硒含量、后腿股二头肌肉硒含量和鲜肝硒含量分别高151.01%、192.16%和218.64%,差异均极显著(P＜0.01);而肾鲜样硒含量、羊毛硒含量与血液硒含量两组间均差异不显著(P＞0.05).两组肉品质指标没有显著差异.     

饲喂高硒玉米对山羊的毛、血、组织中含硒量的影响

硒是动物营养必需的微量元素,但在过量情况下,有毒害作用。陕西省紫阳县双安因地质原因曾发生人畜的硒中毒。为了探讨山羊地区性硒中毒的发病和诊断规律,进行了本实验观察。选择10只体重约20kg、临床健康的关中杂种山羊,随机分成两组。试验组6只(4♂、2♀),对照组4只(3♂、1♀),分圈饲养,每日喂料3次,自由采食青干草,每只羊每日平均采食混合料0.4—0.6kg。日粮组成见表1。     

饲粮硒对种公鸡睾丸中硒含量和硒蛋白酶基因mRNA表达的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮硒对海兰褐种公鸡睾丸中硒含量和硒蛋白酶基因mRNA表达的影响.选取224只48周龄海兰褐种公鸡,随机分为7个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复8只.将亚硒酸钠(SS)和酵母硒(SY)2种硒源分别以3个硒水平(0.2、0.5和0.8 mg/kg)添加到海兰褐种公鸡基础饲粮中,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,进行为期3...     

蛋氨酸硒和纳米硒对波尔山羊种公羔生长及血液、组织硒含量的比较

[目的]为了研究纳米硒(nano-selenium)和蛋氨酸硒(methionine-selenitim)对种公羊羔羊生长发育以及血液、组织中硒的沉积和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的影响.[方法]试验选用体重相近的30只种用波尔山羊断奶公羔随机分3组,每组10个重复,预试2周,正试12周,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组);基础日粮+0.3 mg/kg纳米硒;基础日粮+0.3 mg/kg蛋氨酸硒(以硒浓度计算).每隔4周采血样一次,试验结束时,每组随机屠宰羔羊3只测量组织硒浓度.[结果]不同的硒源和一定浓度的硒对公羔生长发育影响不显著(P>0.05);添加蛋氨酸硒和纳米硒的公羔组织器官,血清,全血硒含量以及肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),添加组之问差异不显著.[结论]统计结果表明,纳米硒和蛋氨酸硒与对照相比都能有效地增加血液、组织中硒的沉积,添加纳米硒组羔羊硒沉积和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性稍高于蛋氨酸硒组,羔羊添加纳米硒更易于硒的吸收和沉积.     

蛋氨酸硒和纳米硒对波尔山羊种公羔生长及血液、组织硒含量的比较

【目的】为了研究纳米硒(nano-selenium)和蛋氨酸硒(methionine-selenium)对种公羊羔羊生长发育以及血液、组织中硒的沉积和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的影响。【方法】试验选用体重相近的30只种用波尔山羊断奶公羔随机分3组,每组10个重复,预试2周,正试12周,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组);基础日粮+0.3 mg/kg纳米硒;基础日粮+0.3 mg/kg蛋氨酸硒(以硒浓度计算)。每隔4周采血样一次,试验结束时,每组随机屠宰羔羊3只测量组织硒浓度。【结果】不同的硒源和一定浓度的硒对公羔生长发育影响不显著(P>0.05);添加蛋氨酸硒和纳米硒的公羔组织器官,血清,全血硒含量以及肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),添加组之间差异不显著。【结论】统计结果表明,纳米硒和蛋氨酸硒与对照相比都能有效地增加血液、组织中硒的沉积,添加纳米硒组羔羊硒沉积和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性稍高于蛋氨酸硒组,羔羊添加纳米硒更易于硒的吸收和沉积。     

不同硒添加方式和水平对山羊生长性能、屠宰性能和硒沉积规律的影响

为了研究不同硒添加方式和水平对山羊生长性能、屠宰性能和硒沉积规律的影响,试验选择24只同批次体重(约20 kg)、体况相近,75日龄的健康马头山羊母羊,采用2(硒添加方式)×3(硒添加水平)双因素完全随机试验设计,将山羊随机分为6组(A组、B组、C组、D组、E组和F组),每组4只。A组、B组和C组饲喂青贮玉米+富硒基础日粮(硒添加水平分别为0.5,1.0,1.5 mg/kg),D组、E组和F组饲喂富硒青贮玉米(硒添加水平分别为0.5,1.0,1.5 mg/kg)+基础日粮,预试期3 d,正试期36 d,测定各组的生长性能指标(初始体重、期末体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比)、屠宰性能指标(屠体重和屠宰率),以及组织(心脏、肾脏、背最大肌和腹脂)和血液中的硒含量。结果表明：各组初始体重、期末体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量均差异不显著(P>0.05)。相同硒添加方式比较,B组料重比显著低于A组(P<0.05),但与C组差异不显著(P>0.05);相同硒添加水平比较,B组料重比极显著低于E组(P<0.01)。各组屠体重和屠宰率均差异不显著(P>0.05)。...     

日粮添加富硒益生菌对山羊血液学指标和抗氧化能力的影响

为了研究日粮添加富硒益生菌(SP)对山羊血液学指标及机体抗氧化能力的影响,本试验选取8头装有永久性瘘管的山羊,采用4×4拉丁方设计,进行4期试验(15 d/期)。在基础日粮中分别添加0(对照)、8(LSP)、16(MSP)和32(HSP)mL/次的SP(每日2次),于每期的第15天晨饲前颈静脉采血,测定血细胞、血液生化指标和抗氧化能力。结果显示:添加SP对血液细胞影响差异不显著(P>0.05),但添加高剂量的SP能显著提高红细胞数(P<0.05);添加SP对血浆胆固醇、尿素氮和血糖浓度影响均不显著(P>0.05),但添加中剂量和高剂量的SP能显著提高血浆总蛋白浓度(P<0.05);添加SP能显著提高山羊机体的抗氧化能力(P<0.05)。     

猪各组织器官内肌生成抑制素基因mRNA表达谱的研究

用Trizol试剂法提取军牧一号猪的骨骼肌、心肌、肝、肾、肺、脾、胰、脂肪的总RNA做RT-PCR和嵌套PCR,结果在军牧一号猪骨骼肌、心肌和脂肪组织内检测到了肌生成抑制素mRNA的表达,而在其他组织中未检测到.     

Effects of dietary supplementation of selenium and iodine on growth performance,carcass characteristics and histology of thyroid gland in goats

This study assessed the effects of dietary selenium (Se), iodine (I) and a combination of both on growth performance, thyroid gland activity, carcass characteristics and the concentration of iodine and selenium in Longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle in goats. Twenty‐four bucks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: control (CON), basal diet without supplementation, basal diet + 0.6 mg Se/kg dry matter (DM) (SS), 0.6 mg I/kg DM (IP), or combination of 0.6 mg/kg DM Se and 0.6 mg/kg DM I (SSIP) and fed for 100 days. Animals fed diet SSIP exhibited higher (P < 0.05) body weight and better feed conversion ratio (FCR) than those fed other diets. Dressing percentage of goats fed the supplemented diets was higher (P < 0.05) than that of the control. Carcasses from the IP group had higher (P < 0.05) total fat proportion than the SSIP group. The levels of both elements were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) in LL muscle in supplemented goats. Thyroid follicular epithelial cells of IP and SSIP animals were significantly higher than those of CON and SS groups. The study demonstrated that the combined Se and I dietary supplementation improves growth performance, carcass dressing percentage and increases the retention of Se and I in goat meat.     

猪GDF11基因部分序列的克隆及组织表达分析

为了探讨生长分化因子11(Growth differentiation factor11,GDF11,又名BMP11)在胸腰椎数变异中的作用,本试验克隆了该基因包含外显子2在内的部分编码区,并进一步采用RT-PCR技术对其在猪胚胎和初生仔猪中的表达进行了分析。结果表明,在35d的猪胚胎中,后肢、牙龈、脑、肝脏、肾脏、胸椎、腰椎各组织均有明显的表达,而在前肢、眼、心脏、肺脏中的表达较弱,在颈椎和荐尾椎中没有观察到GDF11的表达。在45d猪胚胎的后肢、脑、眼、胸椎组织中GDF11的表达较强,而在前肢、牙龈、肺脏、肾脏、腰椎和荐尾椎的表达相对较弱,在肝脏中的表达极其微弱。在心脏和颈椎中没有检测到GDF11的表达。在55d的猪胚胎中,前肢、后肢、脑、眼、肝脏、颈椎、胸椎、腰椎组织中有明显的表达,肺脏和肾脏组织中的表达较强,牙龈和荐尾椎中的表达较弱,而在心脏中没有检测到GDF11的表达。3d仔猪的后肢、牙龈、脑、肾脏和腰椎组织中GDF11有明显的表达,脾脏组织的表达量较高,前肢、肝脏、心脏、背腰最长肌和肺脏中的表达相对较弱,在眼、颈椎和荐尾椎中的表达极弱,在胸椎中没有检测到表达。在所检测的不同时期的所有组织中,脑和肾脏组织表达明显地高于其他组织。     

Histopathological and aquaporin7 mRNA expression analyzes in the skeletal and cardiac muscles of obese db/db mice

The aim of this study is to examine 1) muscle fiber type composition, 2) myofiber diameter, and 3) aquaporin (AQP) 7 and AQP 9 mRNA expressions by quantitative PCR in muscles of obese db/db mice. The myofiber type composition of skeletal muscle was not statistically significantly different between db/db mice and control mice; while the average myofiber diameter ratio showed a decrease in db/db mice. The expression of AQP7 but not AQP9 mRNA in the skeletal and cardiac muscles was significantly upregulated in db/db mice. Thus this study revealed quantitatively that type 2 myofiber atrophy was shown in the skeletal muscles of db/db mice. AQP7 mRNA expression was upregulated in the skeletal and cardiac muscles of db/db mice.     

Effect of sex and rearing system on the quality and mineral content of fiber from raeini cashmere goats

The aim of this study was to compare the quality characteristics and mineral content of the fiber from male and female cashmere goats raised under different management systems. Male and female Raeini cashmere goats (<1.5 years of age, n = 48) were selected from flocks raised at a government breeding station or raised commercially under either rural or nomadic conditions. The staple length, cashmere fiber diameter, coefficient of variation for fiber diameter, percentage of cashmere in a fleece, percentage of guard hair in a fleece and cashmere tenacity averaged 4.6 ±0.1 cm, 18.0 ±0.1 m, 20.9 ± 0.4%, 66.1 ± 1.5%, 33.8 ± 1.5% and 1.8 ± 0.2 gf/tex, respectively. The sulfur, copper and zinc content of the cashmere averaged 2.8 ± 0.1%, 0.00065 ± 0.00002% and 0.01276 ± 0.00025%, respectively. Rearing method significantly affected staple length, coefficient of variation of fiber diameter, cashmere tenacity and copper content. Males had a higher coefficient of variation of fiber diameter and cashmere tenacity than females (P < 0.05).     

Effect of sex and rearing system on the quality and mineral content of fiber from raeini cashmere goats

The aim of this study was to compare the quality characteristics and mineral content of the fiber from male and female cashmere goats raised under different management systems. Male and female Raeini cashmere goats (<1.5 years of age, n = 48) were selected from flocks raised at a government breeding station or raised commercially under either rural or nomadic conditions. The staple length, cashmere fiber diameter, coefficient of variation for fiber diameter, percentage of cashmere in a fleece, percentage of guard hair in a fleece and cashmere tenacity averaged 4.6 ±0.1 cm, 18.0 ±0.1 μm, 20.9 ± 0.4%, 66.1 ± 1.5%, 33.8 ± 1.5% and 1.8 ± 0.2 gf/tex, respectively. The sulfur, copper and zinc content of the cashmere averaged 2.8 ± 0.1%, 0.00065 ± 0.00002% and 0.01276 ± 0.00025%, respectively. Rearing method significantly affected staple length, coefficient of variation of fiber diameter, cashmere tenacity and copper content. Males had a higher coefficient of variation of fiber diameter and cashmere tenacity than females (P < 0.05).     

Effect of soluble glass bolus administration on the blood selenium concentration in grazing Philippine goats under backyard conditions

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of selenium (Se) soluble glass bolus (SGB) on blood Se concentrations of mixed‐bred (native × Anglo Nubian) pregnant does weighing between 15 and 52 kg and grazing on natural pastures in the Philippines. The control group, consisting of 28 does, was not administered with SGB, while 23 does were administered with SGB every 6 months for a period of 12 months. Forage and blood samples in both groups were collected every 2 months. Their Se, sulfur, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper and zinc concentrations were analyzed using the wet digestion method. The results showed that the grazed forage had concentrations of all these minerals that were far higher than the accepted critical lower levels. The Se concentration was higher (P < 0.05) in the dry season than in the rainy season, especially in the whole blood collected from the does and newborn kids. In both groups the Se concentration in the kids tended to increase during the suckling period but decreased after weaning. Kids born to the SGB does had higher whole blood Se concentrations (P < 0.05) than those born to the control does. However, the administration of SGB to the does did not affect any blood mineral concentrations except for Se in the grazing does and their kids. The animals did not exhibit any clinical signs of mineral deficiencies or toxicities during the experimental period.     

成年公猪睾丸及附睾中促黄体素受体mRNA表达的研究

试验采用FQ-PCR技术进行了成年公猪睾丸及附睾中促黄体素受体mRNA表达的研究,结果表明:促黄体素受体mRNA不仅在睾丸内表达,在附睾中也有表达;睾丸、附睾中促黄体素受体mRNA的表达量分别为(1.42±0.08)×109 copies/mL和(6.54±0.21)×109copies/mL,睾丸两组织间促黄体素受体mRNA表达量无明显差异(P>0.05).     

蒙古马不同组织器官TLR1、TLR2、TLR4和TLR6 mRNA转录水平研究

根据GenBank中马Toll样受体基因序列设计特异性引物,建立检测马Toll样受体（TLRs）mRNA转录水平的SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR方法,检测TLR4、TLR2、TLR1和TLR6在蒙古马不同组织器官中的转录水平。4种TLRs在心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胃、十二指肠、空肠、盲肠和骨髓中均有转录。其中,TLR4mRNA除在空肠和肝脏外,在其他组织器官中的表达水平均高于TLR2、TLR1、TLR6。免疫器官中,TLR4、TLR1mRNA在骨髓中表达量高于脾脏,而TLR2、TLR6mRNA在脾脏中表达量高于骨髓。各肠段,TLR4、TLR2、TLR1、TLR6mRNA表达水平之间在空肠的差异不是很大,而在十二指肠和盲肠中差异很大。结果表明,TLRs mRNA在马各组织器官转录水平差异较大,可能与其对病原体的识别和抵抗能力有关。