宝饲迪对肉鸡生产性能的影响

将200只岭南黄鸡随机分成5组,空白对照组鸡只喂基础日粮,西药组在基础日粮中添加0.04%的杆菌肽锌,其它三组分别在基础日粮中添加0.2%、0.5%和0.8%的宝饲迪(酪酸菌制剂)。结果表明:中、低剂量宝饲迪组在增重和存活率方面比对照组均有明显的提高;添加0.5%宝饲迪的试验组效果较为明显,增重比对照组提高10.3%,比西药组提高9.4%,料肉比为1.94。     

酪酸菌制剂对大猪生产性能及饲喂成本的影响

为了进一步观察酪酸菌制剂对大猪生产性能和饲料成本的影响,试验将体重83～84 kg的三元杂交大猪48头分为2组,对照组按常规的饲料配方进行饲喂,试验组在日粮中添加0.02%酪酸菌制剂,进行为期23 d的试验。结果表明:与对照组相比,添加0.02%酪酸菌制剂的试验组猪日增重提高了12.40%(P<0.05),料重比降低了17.30%,饲料成本降低了22.40%。说明试验所用酪酸菌制剂可以提高猪的生产性能,降低饲喂成本。     

乳酸菌菌体及全菌液制剂对雏鸡生长性能和盲肠菌群的影响

为了研究不同制备工艺及活菌数的乳酸菌制剂对雏鸡生长性能和盲肠菌群的影响,将格氏乳杆菌菌体和全菌液分别制成活菌制剂用于动物饲养试验。试验选用1日龄的AA肉仔公鸡360只,随机分成6组,每组5个重复,每个重复12只鸡。Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组分别饲喂基础日粮+0.5%和1%菌体制剂;Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组分别饲喂基础日粮+0.05%和0.1%的全菌液制剂(Ⅰ与Ⅲ、Ⅱ与Ⅳ试验组活菌数基本一致);Ⅴ组抗生素组,饲喂基础日粮+0.01%黄霉素;Ⅵ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮。试验期28 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,日粮中添加乳酸菌制剂可明显改善生长性能,其中高剂量组显著(P<0.05)提高雏鸡日增重,极显著(P<0.01)降低饲料增重比;与抗生素组比,乳酸菌制剂能提高盲肠中乳酸菌数量,抑制大肠杆菌的繁殖;同一添加水平的乳酸菌菌体制剂与全菌液制剂应用效果无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此可知,雏鸡日粮中添加乳酸菌制剂具有促进雏鸡生长和改善盲肠菌群的作用。     

复合纤维素酶制剂对育肥羊的增重效果

选择24只育肥羊,按品种、年龄、体重、性别相同或相近的原则,配对分为对照组和试验组,每组12只,两组羊在基础日粮及饲养管理完全相同的情况下,试验组羊日粮中添加含有复合纤维素酶制剂的预混料,对照组添加不含纤维素酶制剂的预混料,经90 d饲喂试验,结果表明:对照组和试验组羊只均增重分别为11.76 kg和15.59 kg,试验组比对照组只均多增重3.83 kg,差异极显著(P<0.01),增重提高32.6%。试验组和对照组羊只获利分别为40.54元和1.11元,试验组比对照组多收入39.43元。     

肉鸭日粮中添加蜂蜡饲喂试验

选用1日龄健康樱桃谷肉鸭200只,随机分为两组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加0.5%蜂蜡。试验期为42d。结果表明,试验组肉鸭平均增重比对照组提高5.35%,差异显著(P<0.05),料肉比试验组比对照组低1.89%,差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

强健散对肉鸡增重和免疫器官生长的影响

将100只1日龄AA肉鸡,雌雄各半,随机分为对照组和试验组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加0.5%强健散,研究其对肉鸡增重和免疫器官生长的影响。试验表明:试验组鸡只均增重比对照组增加124.07g,提高了6.66%(P<0.05)、料重比降低7.05%(P<0.05);试验组鸡只14d时的脾脏和法氏囊、28d和42d时的脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊重量均高于对照组且差异显著(P<0.05)。     

丁酸梭菌三联制剂对麻羽肉鸡生长性能的影响

为研究丁酸梭菌三联制剂对麻羽肉鸡生产性能,肠道菌群的影响,随机选880羽1日龄麻公肉仔鸡分成2组,对照组和试验组,对照组饲喂基础日粮添加抗生素,试验组在基础日粮中添加100 mg/kg丁酸梭菌三联制剂。试验结果表明:在麻公肉仔鸡日粮中添加100 mg/kg丁酸梭菌三联制剂,可提高其增重率7.6%;降低料肉比10%。试验末期结果表明,三效菌显著降低肠道大肠杆菌11.5%和沙门菌的数量14.6%(P0.05),增加乳酸杆菌的数量9.1%(P0.05)。     

丁酸梭菌对肉鸡生产性能的影响

本试验研究了在饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌对肉鸡生产性能的影响。将14000多只1日龄的温氏快大肉鸡随机分成两组．对照组只喂基础日粮．试验组在基础日粮中添加0．3％的丁酸梭菌制剂。结果表明：试验组在日增重和料肉比方面比对照组均有明显改善．日增重比对照组提高4．61％．料肉比降低0．20．平均每只鸡获利比对照组提高88．2％．并且有效预防了肠炎的发生．生产性能大幅度提高。     

液体复合酶制剂对白羽肉鸡生产性能的影响

为探讨日粮中添加液体复合酶制剂对白羽肉鸡生产性能的影响,并进行经济效益分析,本试验选取76 000只1日龄罗斯308肉鸡,随机分为对照组和试验组,每个组2个重复,每个重复19 000只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮添加0.14%酶益佳A601L和0.14%酶益佳P600L,试验期42 d。结果表明:试验组肉鸡42日龄出栏体重有显著改善,较对照组提高4.39%(P<0.05);试验组肉鸡日增重提高3.90%,但与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05);添加复合酶对肉鸡采食量无影响,但在整个饲养阶段,试验组可降低耗料增重比3.98%(P<0.05)。经济效益分析可知,添加复合酶制剂的饲料成本几乎不变,但耗料增重比降低,肉鸡出栏体重增加,经济效益提高10.05%。     

胍基乙酸中药制剂对小鼠生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在探讨胍基乙酸中药制剂对小鼠生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响。选用体重(20±2)g的雄性昆明小白鼠,随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复6只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加0.5%胍基乙酸中药制剂,预试期3 d,试验期30 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组平均日增重显著提高,耗料增重比显著降低;试验组小鼠的粗脂肪表观消化率较对照组显极显著降低,粗蛋白质、纤维和磷表观消化率著提高;与对照组相比,试验组总抗氧化能力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶极显著提高,丙二醛极显著降低,过氧化氢酶活力显著提高;与对照组相比,试验组胰岛素、三碘甲状腺原氨酸和四碘甲腺原氨酸极显著提高,胰岛素样生长因子-1显著提高。综合试验结果,在小鼠日粮中添加胍基乙酸中药制剂可提高小鼠生长性能、日粮养分表观消化率和抗氧化能力。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …