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回顾了湖南省“八五”期间三系法杂交水稻衣种所取得的及存在的问题,就三第法 水稻育民面临的困境作了技术分析,并展望了“九五”以及提出了“九五”攻关的重点与相庆的对策。 相似文献
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《杂交水稻》2004,19(5):76-77
水稻源于亚洲 ,现已在全球 113个国家和地区种植 ,稻米成为了全世界一半以上人口的主食。为了解决人类的饥饿问题 ,以袁隆平为首的中国科学家从 196 4年起开展水稻杂种优势利用研究 ,历经 10a的艰苦努力 ,利用“三系法”于 1973年育成了世界上第 1个杂交水稻组合。近年来 ,又在超级杂交水稻研究领域取得了重大技术突破 ,已育成了一批超级杂交水稻组合 ,大面积产量潜力达 12~ 15t hm2 。目前中国已经建立了以分子技术与常规育种手段相结合的现代高效水稻育种技术创新体系 ,随着水稻杂种优势利用技术在中国和很多稻米生产国的迅速推广 ,杂交… 相似文献
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1全国两系杂交稻发展概况两系法杂交水稻是继三系法杂交水稻之后在水稻遗传育种上又一重大技术革新,具有生产程序简化,制种成本低,配组自由,杂种优势强等优点。1987年被列入国家“863”计划,开始了全国性的协作攻关,10多年来经过科学家们不懈努力,两系杂交水稻研究... 相似文献
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水稻杂种优势的利用首先是遵循三系法的技术路线而成功的,即以雄性不育系与保持系和恢复系组配,形成杂交水稻的生产体系。杂交水稻三系法的育种程序和生产环节比较复杂,以致选育新组合的周期长.效率低,速度慢,种子成本高,价格贵。探索新的技术路线, 相似文献
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本书是我国第一本集杂交水稻育种三系法、两系法和一系法理论与实践于一体的科学理论著作。全书分六章,系统介绍了水稻杂种优势理论和雄性不育的机制,着重反映了我国在杂交水稻三系法和两系法科研与生产方面的新成果,对水稻无融合生殖的研究进展作了评述。内容广泛新颖,提出的问题中肯而深刻。 相似文献
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本文总结了福建省水稻育种发展过程中,曾经历过矮化育种及三系法的杂种优势利用两次突破,目前正面临第三次突破,即两系法亚种间杂种优势利用。分析了引起三次破性发展的主要因素:一是新的设想,二是材料上的突破。记述了本省今后水稻育种发展战略:应以常规育种为基础,以杂交水稻研究为重点,不断发展育种新技术。常规育种的主攻方向是选育丰、抗、优、适兼顾的中熟早籼从并从类型、熟期、丰产性、抗性、米质等方面加以分析;杂交水稻的研究方向是,三系法发展为两系法,从品种间杂种优势利用发展为亚种间杂交优势利用,同时把两系法与亚种间杂种优势利用溶为一体。常规育种与杂交水稻是相互联系、相互渗透、相互促进的辩证关系。新技术育种必须与常规育种紧密结合,取长补短,发挥各自优势。 相似文献
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自 90年代初以来 ,四川省为加快优质高产杂交玉米新品种的育种进程 ,选育出更多更好的杂交玉米良种为生产服务 ,在玉米育种攻关的基础上 ,由省农业厅牵头 ,再和各地市州农科所联合起来 ,共同进行玉米联合育种研究 ,实行“资源共享 ,利益均沾”的运行机制 ,大大调动了广大科研人员的积极性 ,短短五年时间 ,全省玉米联合育种取得重大成效。全面超额完成“九五”下达的计划指标 ,对推动四川玉米生产跃上新的台阶做出了巨大贡献。1 新品种选育成效显著“九五”全省各地市州农科所共选育成功优质高产杂交玉米新品种 16个。其中突破性品种 4个。… 相似文献
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水稻杂种优势利用技术的发展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《杂交水稻》2017,(3)
中国杂交水稻的研究始于20世纪60年代,70年代开始大面积应用。以核质互作雄性不育系为遗传工具的三系法杂交水稻(第1代杂交水稻)和以光温敏不育系为遗传工具的两系法杂交水稻(第2代杂交水稻)的研究相继成功与应用对国家粮食增产贡献巨大,但因三系配组受恢保关系制约,而两系不育系的育性易受环境影响,导致水稻杂种优势利用的潜力未能得到充分发挥。在总结第1代和第2代杂交水稻育种技术基础上,阐述了以遗传工程雄性不育系为遗传工具的第3代杂交水稻育种技术的发展,分析了该技术对杂交水稻发展的重要意义,并展望了第3代杂交水稻的研究前景。 相似文献
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光身杂交稻选育研究进展 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
利用美国光身稻种质资源,培育出野败型三系光身杂交稻配套亲本光香A、B和光身R及光身光温敏核不育系光S,并用其配组率先育成一批三系光身杂交稻组合,如光香优德87、光香优602、光香优613等;还选配出一批非光身的优质高产三系杂交稻新组合如光香优7号、光香优13和光香优6号以及两系杂交稻组合光两优113和光两优193等.光身杂交稻及其配套亲本的选育成功,将进一步促进水稻亚种间杂种优势利用,可望实现我国杂交稻育种在米质、产量、抗性和适应性方面新的突破. 相似文献
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华南晚籼夜公细胞质(Y型)雄性不育系的选育 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
由华南晚籼迟熟品种夜公细胞质育成了Y型不育系,证明华南晚籼迟熟品种中存在着雄性不育细胞质。Y型雄性不育细胞质效应优于野败,其不育系表现全不育,不育性稳定,恢保关系与野败相似,生育期遗传多样化,配合力强,已由其育成一批强优组合。由Y华农A育成的华优86和华优桂99 表现高产稳产、米质优良、抗病性强,表明Y型不育系是可以开发利用的新型细胞质雄性不育系。 相似文献
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安徽省三系杂交籼稻育种现状与展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
综述了安徽省20a来三系杂交籼稻的育种成就和存在问题,指出今后的育种目标应主攻早熟、优质、超高产,并选育适于机械化制种和耐旱的组合;技术路线上早杂以选育早熟恢复系,中晚杂以选育优质不育系,亚种间组合以选育广亲和不育系为主。 相似文献
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To improve grain quality of the high-yielding hybrid rice in China, we introduced the aromatic rice MR365, an improved Indian cultivar with aroma and other desirable grain quality characters such as long grain and low chalkiness, from IRRI in 1984 and began to transfer its aroma and good quality characters into the existing maintainer lines with good combining ability but poor grain quality. In the meantime, we also conducted the research on the inheritance of aroma for increasing the breeding efficiency. Through years of research and breeding practices, two cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines Xiangxiang 2 A and Xinxiang A and a series of quasi-aromatic hybrids mated from these aromatic CMS lines have been developed and released for commercial production in China. It was found that the inheritance of aroma in MR 365 and its derivatives including Xiangxiang 2 A, Xinxiang A and Xiang 2B S was controlled by one pair of recessive major genes based on the identification of aroma by the KOH-soaking method. We also found that there existed disparity in aroma degree among different grains of F2 generation, and different aromatic CMS lines derived from the same aromatic donor such as Xiangxiang 2 A and Xinxiang A had also a little difference in the degree of aroma, which implies that, besides the major genes, aroma may also be affected by the genetic backgrounds or minor genes. Xiangxiang 2 A, developed from the cross of V20A∥V20B/MR365, is the first aromatic CMS line bred in China. It is not only aromatic but has good grain quality and combining ability. Using it as female parent, Xiangyou 63 (Xiangxiang 2A/Minghui 63), the first quasi-aromatic hybrid rice combination in China, was developed and approved to release to farmers in 1995. Xiangyou 63 is characteristic of quasi-aromatic or partially aromatic (because only a portion of or NOT ALL grains are aromatic), good grain quality, high-yielding ability, good blast resistance and wide adaptability. However, Xiangxiang 2 A has an evident drawback, i.e., instablility in male sterility under higher temperature conditions resulting from the existence of restoring minor genes in it, which greatly hampered the extension of its elite hybrid Xiangyou 63 with both high yield and fine quality in commercial production. To improve Xiangxiang 2 A, we made hybridization of Xiangxiang 2 B with V20 B again in 1990. A new aromatic CMS line Xinxiang A was successfully developed in 1994. It not only retains the favorable characteristics of Xiangxiang 2 A in grain quality and combining ability, but also expresses complete and stable male sterility and high seed production yield potential. Up to now, by using it as female parent, a series of quasi-aromatic hybrids have been developed. Some of them such as Xinxiangyou 63 (Xinxiang A/Minghui 63), Xinxiangyou 77 (Xinxiang A/Minghui 77), Xinxiangyou 80 (Xinxiang A/R80), Xinxiangyou 207 (Xinxiang A/R207) and Xinxiangyou 96 (Xinxiang A/R96) have been released to farmers. Such hybrids have been preferred and well welcome by the farmers in China, because they can not only yield higher or as high as but also possess a better grain quality than the current common high-yielding hybrid rice varieties, especially, they are naturally-mixed aromatic rice so that it can be consumed daily just like non-aromatic common rice. The planting area under these hybrids is increasing rapidly in China. It is expected that the quasi-aromatic hybrid rice will have a good prospect in the coming years. 相似文献
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