共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
回顾了湖南省“八五”期间三系法杂交水稻衣种所取得的及存在的问题,就三第法 水稻育民面临的困境作了技术分析,并展望了“九五”以及提出了“九五”攻关的重点与相庆的对策。 相似文献
2.
“九五”全国小麦育种研究进展 总被引:22,自引:4,他引:22
本文简要介绍了全国小麦生产情况,系统总结了“九五”期间超高产、优质、抗病抗逆等育种材料创造与方法研究及新品种选育方面的进展,并阐述了今后应重点加强的研究领域。 相似文献
3.
针对我国北方杂交粳稻多年以来存在着停滞不前的状况,从选育技术层面分析了存在问题的原因,主要表现在不育系选择面变窄,恢复系更新换代缓慢,粳亚种内配组优势小和籽粒重量偏低四个方面。同时,通过借鉴目前水稻发展的成就和本人的研究成果,提出了扩大不育系选择范围,加强广亲和籼型恢复系的选择力度,积极利用亚种间优势和构建理想株型选育四个方面的选育对策和技术方法。提出在着重提高产量的同时必须要兼顾抗性和品质的提高。 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
我国籼型杂交水稻育种现状,问题与对策 总被引:38,自引:3,他引:38
本文是在全面总结“八五”期间我国三系杂交水稻育种工作的基础上,深入分析了籼型杂交水稻育种在产量上出现徘徊的原因,并针对在恢复系选育上存在的遗传组成基本相同,亲缘关系近,双亲遗传差异小等问题,提出了相应的技术对策。 相似文献
7.
中国水稻育种百年发展与展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
水稻是中国最重要的口粮作物,新品种的培育与推广对水稻生产作出了重大贡献.中国现代水稻育种起步于20世纪20年代,已有百年历程,期间纯系育种、杂交育种、诱变育种和分子育种等技术成为技术主体,成就了矮化育种、杂交稻育种和超级稻育种三次突破,推进了全国水稻平均单产从20世纪50年代的200 kg/667 m2平台跃上了当前的... 相似文献
8.
9.
“八五”期间是宁波市茶业经济快速增长期。茶叶成为宁波市五大(外贸收购额)超亿元的出口农产品之一。五年中,宁波市累计茶叶总产值7.7亿元,累计创税1.7亿元,经济、社会效益显著;基地建设卓有成就,名优茶迅速发展,科技水平大大提高,外向型茶业经济发展较快;但持续发展后劲不足,大宗茶生产萎缩,业务经费匮乏。最后提出了“九五”茶业的发展战略和6条工作思路。 相似文献
10.
不同水分管理对杂交水稻产量及其构成的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以新两优6号为试验品种,研究了精确定量灌溉、无水层灌溉、常规灌溉、旱作对杂交水稻分蘖动态、生育期、产量及其构成因子的影响.结果表明:过多或过深的水分会抑制分蘖,湿润或无水会促进分蘖,过度干旱会加速后期分蘖消减;不同水分管理对生育进程和全生育期影响不大;无水层灌溉有效穗数、每穗总粒数和结实率较高,产量最高,旱作的有效穗数、每穗总粒数和结实率较低,产量最低,不同水分管理对千粒重影响不大.在水稻生产上以干湿交替的无水层湿润灌溉取代长期上满田水的传统灌溉方式,不仅可以提高产量,还可以节约水资源. 相似文献
11.
12.
三系杂交水稻恢复系选育的实践与体会 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
回顾了三系杂交稻恢复系选育10余a来的实践,总结了选育恢复系的经验与体会.在采用杂交选育恢复系时应注意以下几方面:(1)在进行恢复系的某些性状改造时,应注意双亲其它重要性状的互补,避免双亲具有共同的缺陷;(2)一般选择恢复力强、配合力好的强恢复系作为亲本之一,在选育抗性恢复系时,则双亲中至少应有一个是抗性强的亲本;(3)注意引入粳稻亲缘或远缘基因,以丰富遗传基础;(4)在采用恢×保或保×恢选育恢复系时,宜在低世代进行测恢;(5)在杂交后代中选择单株时应注意植株的综合性状,如株型、植株抗倒性、籽粒饱满度、灌浆速度和后期落色等. 相似文献
13.
14.
杂交中粳新组合80优121的选育和应用 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
80优121是安徽省农科院水稻所用本所选育的光身恢复系HP121与不育系80-4A配组育成的三系杂交粳稻新组合。该组合具有产量高、米质优、抗性好、抗倒伏等特点。1996年5月通过安徽省农作物品种审定委员会审定 相似文献
15.
Practices and Prospects of Super Hybrid Rice Breeding 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
CHEN Li-yun XIAO Ying-hui TANG Wen-bang LEI Dong-yang 《水稻科学》2007,14(2):71-77
The great progress in super rice breeding both in China and other countries has been made in recent years. However, there were three main problems in super rice breeding: 1) the super rice varieties were still rare; 2) most super rice varieties exhibited narrow adaptability; and 3) current breeding theories emphasized too much on the rice growth model, but they were unpractical in guidance for rice breeding. According to the authors’ experience on the rice breeding, the breeding strategies including three steps (super parent breeding, super hybrid rice breeding and super hybrid rice seed production) were proposed, and the objectives of each step and the key technologies to achieve the goals were elucidated in detail. The super parent of hybrid rice should exhibit excellent performance in all agronomic traits, with the yield or sink capacity reached the level of the hybrid rice control in regional trials. The super hybrid rice combination should meet the following criteria: good rice quality, wide adaptation, lodging resistance, resistance to main insects and diseases, and the yield exceeded above 8% over the control varieties in the national and provincial regional trials. To achieve the goal, the technical strategies, such as selecting optimal combination of the parents, increasing selection pressure, paying more attention to harmony of ideal plant type, excellent physiological traits and all the agronomic traits, should be emphasized. The yield of seed production should reach 3.75 t/ha and 5.25 t/ha for the super hybrid rice combinations derived from early-season and middle-season types of male sterile lines, respectively. The main technologies for raising seed production yield included selecting optimum seed production site, using the male sterile line with large sink capacity and good outcrossing characteristics, and improving the amount of the pollen by intensive cultivation of the male parent. According to the technologies of the three-step breeding on super hybrid rice, two super rice parents, including a male parent 996 and a thermo(photo)-genic male sterile [T(P)GMS] line C815S, were bred. Furthermore, a super early hybrid rice combination, Luliangyou 996, which could be used as a double-season early rice variety in middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China, was bred by using the super rice variety 996 as the male parent, and several hybrid rice combinations with higher yield than control variety in regional trials both of Hunan Province and state were bred with the T(P)GMS line C815S as the female parent. 相似文献
16.
根据50多a来漳州市农科所常规水稻的育种成就,分析育成品种的亲缘关系及采取的主要技术路线,提出今后常规稻的育种目标及主要技术措施. 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
20.
WANG Cai-lin 《水稻科学》2005,12(3):219-225
HISTORY OF HYBRID RICE DEVELOPMENT China is the first country to use heterosis successfully and commercially in rice. Hybrid rice research was initiated in 1964, the genetic tools essential for breeding hybrid rice combinations, such as the cytoplasmic male sterile line (CMS line or A line), the maintainer line (B line) and restorer line (R line), were developed in 1973. Several hybrid combinations with good heterosis and higher yield potential were identified in 1974. The hybrid… 相似文献