不同容器规格对栓皮栎苗木生长的初期影响

试验采用单因素完全随机区组设计,研究不同容器规格对栓皮栎育苗和造林后生长状况的影响,结果表明:对栓皮栎育苗和造林的生长状况有较大影响的处理为A处理。具体指标为高度36cm,口径6.4cm,体积983cm3,呈深圆锥形体。该容器规格下苗木发育最佳,苗高地径分别达到47.9,4.23cm,且在造林后表现良好,成活率达到100%,苗高地径分别达到63.5,6.64cm,在光合特征方面也收到较好效果。因此,A处理是栓皮栎育苗和造林的最好选择,也就是容器体积和深度的增加可以提高苗木的生长状况。     

控释肥对薄壳山核桃容器苗营养生长的影响

研究了2种控释肥(APEX 19-6-12和APEX 14-14-14)在低、中、高(2、6、10 g/L)质量浓度下对薄壳山核桃容器苗营养生长的影响。结果表明:控释肥对苗木生长具有促进作用,但因肥料配方和施用质量浓度不同而异;10 g/L APEX 14-14-14和6 g/L APEX 19-6-12的处理下,苗木品质指数最高,分别为0.26和0.30;除10 g/L APEX 19-6-12处理外,所有的控释肥处理均显著促进了苗木生长停滞期的营养生长,茎体积日增量在7月中旬和8月下旬达到两个高峰,分别是32.6 mm3/d(6 g/L APEX 14-14-14)和20.7 mm3/d(6 g/L APEX19-6-12);N、Ca含量均与肥料配方和施肥质量浓度相关,相同质量浓度下APEX19-6-12处理的苗木营养元素含量高于APEX 14-14-14处理;K含量仅受控释肥配方影响,Mg含量则既不受配方影响也不受施用质量浓度的影响;除了K外,其它3种元素在植株各器官中的分配均不受控释肥配方的影响。     

容器苗造林效果调查

以山西常见的造林树种油松、侧柏为主,采用容器苗造林。并在造林成活率和保存率,造林初期幼树的生长和缓苗,容器苗与裸根苗的实际造林成本3个方面进行比较。阐述了容器苗造林的效果,提出了容器苗造林中应注意的几个技术问题。     

我国容器苗造林技术研究进展

容器苗造林技术是容器苗应用技术体系的组成部分,它是容器苗应用技术研究的薄弱环节,也是研究难点。文中围绕苗木质量、容器种类、基质配制、立地条件、抚育管理、造林成本等6个容器苗造林的要素介绍了近年来研究成果和发展现状,并针对存在的主要问题提出了对策。     

油茶大规格容器苗质量及其造林效果评价

为了筛选出适宜的容器规格、育苗基质及造林苗木规格,从而为油茶育苗和造林质量的提高提供技术依据,采用芽苗砧嫁接容器育苗方法,就不同规格的容器与不同类型的基质对容器苗质量的影响情况进行了试验研究,并对采用大规格容器苗的造林效果进行了调查与评价。试验结果表明:以大规格容器和轻基质培育的苗木其生长状况与根系质量均良好;运用3年生容器大苗造林的成活率平均为96.32%,其树高1.74 m、地径34.45 mm、冠幅1.07 m^2,当年挂果率达96.67%。研究结果表明:油茶大容器轻基质育苗和造林具有生产可行性,但相关技术还有待进一步优化与推广。     

石质山地,沙地容器苗造林效果的探讨

辽宁省部分地区土壤条件恶劣,春旱严重,造林不易成活,存在着造林不成林的现象。结合“三北”防护林建设工程以及有关试验项目的进行,在石质山地、沙地开展了容器苗造林试验,目前已初见成效。为了加快荒山荒地的绿化,促进容器苗造林的大面积开展,笔者根据试验和收集的容器苗造林情况,进行整理分析如下。     

阜新雨季容器苗造林效果浅析

容器苗造林是解决辽西干旱、半干旱地区造林难,浇水难的一项有利措施。因此,为提高造林成活率和保存率,确保造林质量。结合"三北"防护林建设工程、防沙治沙工程等相关工程实验项目的实施,在石质山地、固定沙地开展了雨季容器苗造林,初见成效。文章对容器苗造林的相关情况进行了调查和分析,现将调查结果总结报告如下。     

不同控释肥加载量和容器规格对纳塔栎容器苗生长的影响

以纳塔栎Quercus texana 1年生容器苗为研究对象,采用析因试验设计,研究不同控释肥加载量和容器规格对纳塔栎苗高和地径生长的影响,并提出优化育苗方案.结果表明,容器规格对纳塔栎苗高和地径生长均产生极显著影响(P<0.01),容器越大,苗高生量越大,地径越粗;控释肥不同加载量对纳塔栎地径生长和高径比的影响不明显...     

容器苗造林效果分析

客器苗造林与裸根苗造林相比，具有造林成活率高、造林后缓苗期短、幼林生长快、造林不爱季节限制等优点。1989年咀来，我省迅速应用和推广了这项适用技术，取得了显著的经济、生态和社会三大效益。     

6个栓皮栎种源种子形态及其幼苗生长的比较

[Objective]To compare the differences of seed morphological characters among provinces of Quercus variabilis Bl.,and explore the adaptive growth status of seedlings growing in the central distribution area. [Method]The seeds of 6 Q. variabilis provenances from six provinceswerecollected, and the seedlings were cultivated and transplanted to experimental field in the centre of natural distribution range (Wuhan Jiufeng National Forest Park), then the seed morphology and one-year seedling growth traitswere surveyed. [Result](1)There were significantor extremely significantdifferences among provenances in seed length, seed width, seed length/width ratio and 100-seed mass, the order of seed length among provenances was Beijing Provenance (22.28 mm),Hubei Provenance (22.10 mm), He'nan Provenance (20.80 mm), Shaanxi Provenance (19.57 mm), Yunnan Provenance (18.93 mm)and Liaoning Provenance (18.81 mm), the seed width of Beijing Provenance (19.71 mm) and Hubei Provenance (19.16 mm) was higher than that of the others, the seed length/width ratio of He'nan Provenance (1.38) was extremely significantly higher than that of the others; (2)There were significant or extremely significant differences among provenances in seedling height, ground diameter, leaf number, branching number and seedling height/ground diameter, the Beijing Provenance and Hubei Provenance were better in seedling height and leaf number, which were respectively 19.54 cm and 20.26 cm, 8.32 leaves and 9.50 leaves; (3)A decreasing trend with time for seedling growth traits among provenances was found; (4)There was a positive relationship between seed morphological characters and seedling growth traits except seed length/width ratio; the leaf number was significantly related to ground diameter and branching number and the seedling height and leaf number were closely related to the seed morphological characters; (5)It showed a decreasing trend with the growth time in the relationship between seedling growth traits and 100-seed mass. [Conclusion]The seedlings of Beijing Provenance and Hubei Provenance grew better in the experimental field which might be related to their larger seed mass, and the Yunnan Provenance in the south margin and the Liaoning Provenance in the north margin of distribution area of Q. variabilis grew weaker than the provenances in the centre of distribution area.With the effect of climate change, provenances in the margin of distribution area may lose in the community competition in the seedling stage if it cannot take advantage of its dispersal and settlement and affected by the disadvantage of growth and competition, so that the distribution and population renewal would surely be affected.     

Impacts of burial and insect infection on germination and seedling growth of acorns of Quercus variabilis

Rodents usually exert important role, through their scatter seed hoarding behavior, on plant regeneration in the field. To investigate the effects of burial and insects infection on germination and seedling growth of acorns of Quercus variabilis, perfect and infected acorns were buried in the soil among four depths, 0 cm, 4 cm, 8 cm and 12 cm, to simulate the seed hoarding behavior by rodents in the field. The results showed that (1) the germination rate were both high, under 4 cm burial depth, for perfect and infected acorns (92% and 53% separately), and decreased significantly with increased burial depth; (2) perfect acorns germinated better in 4 cm burial depth group by autumn of first year; (3) there 32% (perfect) and 26% (infected) acorns with 0 cm burial depth, on the soil surface, germinated successfully; for infected acorns, the 4 cm depth group had the best germination or seedling recruitment in both the first year and the second year; (4) acorns of Q. variabilis exhibited dormancy period ca 7 months; (5) burial, infection, and the interaction between these two factors influenced several aspects including stem height, leaf weight, Tannic acid, and biomass within seedling growth; (6) the results from this study suggest that proper burial would be helpful for the germination and seedling growth, and seedlings of shallow buried acorns had an advantage in their early development; and (7) infection by insects will not inevitably influence seedling early development.     

黄河小浪底库区山地栓皮栎人工林土壤呼吸的季节动态

[目的]分离并量化土壤自养呼吸和异养呼吸,探讨各自贡献率及其随季节变化的动态特征。[方法]采用壕沟法和气体红外分析法,研究黄河小浪底库区山地栓皮栎人工林土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸和异养呼吸速率的季节动态变化、贡献率和环境影响因子。[结果]表明:栓皮栎人工林总土壤呼吸、自养呼吸和异养呼吸均呈夏季速率高、冬季速率低。栓皮栎土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸及异养呼吸速率与5 cm土壤温度均呈极显著指数相关,温度敏感性系数Q_(10)值大小为自养呼吸(3.40)异养呼吸(2.90)土壤总呼吸(2.45);栓皮栎土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸、异养呼吸速率与0 10 cm土壤体积含水量均显著线性相关;土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸速率与0 10 cm土壤电导率显著相关。土壤总呼吸和异养呼吸的温度敏感系数Q_(10)值均在冬季最大,夏秋季最小;而自养呼吸的Q_(10)值则呈相反的变化趋势。栓皮栎人工林自养呼吸和异养呼吸对土壤总呼吸的月贡献率为13.23%37.33%和62.67%86.76%,且自养呼吸的贡献率与土壤温度的季节变化规律相似。土壤总呼吸、异养呼吸与自养呼吸的CO2年通量分别为1 616.41、1 199.39、417.02 g·m~(-2)·a~(-1)。[结论]经过区分与定量化土壤总呼吸及其组分,确定异养呼吸为本研究区栓皮栎人工林土壤总呼吸的主要组分,作用于异养呼吸的生物与非生物因子均能显著影响整个森林生态系统表层CO_2总排放通量的大小,进一步为该研究区森林生态系统碳循环与能量流动的进一步量化研究提供参考。     

红松苗龄型对苗木质量和造林效果的影响

以春季播种、2年生红松苗(S2-0),春季播种、2年后移栽、再培育1年的3年生红松苗(S2-1),春季播种、2年后移栽、再培育2年的4年生红松苗(S2-2)、秋季播种、2年生红松苗(F2-0)为对象,研究不同苗龄间苗木质量和造林效果的差异。结果表明:与S2-0相比,S2-1苗高、地径、FOLR、单株生物量分别增加100%,108.2%,100%和398.4%,单株氮、磷、钾含量分别增加368.6%,646.2%和349.3%;S2-0造林成活率仅为67.5%,S2-1比S2-0造林成活率提高20.6%。S2-0移栽2年后,苗木质量提升幅度较移栽1年小;S2-2与S2-1造林成活率、地径生长量无显著差异。F2-0的苗高较S2-0大35.4%,造林成活率提高5.6%,秋季播种红松可促进苗木质量的提高。S2-2,S2-1,S2-0,F2-0的FOLR分别为18,14,7和7,FOLR与造林成活率、苗高、地径均显著相关,FOLR是评价红松苗木质量的简易、可靠指标。     

容器规格、肥料种类和育苗基质对桢楠幼苗生长的影响

以半年生桢楠（Phoebe zhennan）幼苗为试材,采用正交试验设计,初步研究了容器规格、肥料种类和育苗基质对桢楠容器苗的苗高、地径、根系长、全株鲜重、全株干重影响。结果表明,不同的肥料种类对幼苗的苗高、地径、全株鲜重、全株干重均有显著影响（P<0.05）,而容器规格和育苗基质对容器苗的生长无显著影响。对不同因素、不同水平的各个组合处理进行分析,半年生桢楠的容器育苗最佳组合为8 cm×12 cm的容器规格,施用5%有机肥作为基肥,采用80%森林土+20%的火烧土作为育苗基质,其次是10 cm×14 cm的容器规格,施用5%有机肥作为基肥,采用100%森林土的育苗基质。     

不同水肥对海岸松轻基质容器苗生长的影响

对1年生海岸松轻基质容器苗进行不同的水肥处理试验,结果表明,A1B1组合(每天浇水1次,施史丹利控释复合肥0.1g·盆-1)处理时,海岸松轻基质容器苗质量最好;水分为海岸松容器苗生长的限制因子.     

小陇山锐齿栎天然林结构动态分析

[目的]为了解锐齿栎天然林群落动态变化过程。[方法]采用每木定位监测样地重复观测的方法,对甘肃小陇山林区百花林场王安沟营林区内的锐齿栎天然林进行研究,从树种组成及多样性结构、径级结构、空间结构等几方面分析了锐齿栎天然林群落的结构动态特征。[结果]表明:2次调查群落树种组成和优势树种的重要值排序变化不大,有2个稀少种退出群落,死亡林木40株,死亡率8.3%;群落乔木层的物种丰富度和树种空间多样性下降,优势树种的集中性变大,物种个体数目分配的均匀程度下降。林分径级结构由典型的反"J"型分布变化为左偏的单峰状曲线;群落的空间结构没有发生显著变化,林木分布格局仍为随机分布,中林层和上林层林木个体增加,垂直结构更趋复杂;树种隔离程度下降,建群种锐齿栎的优势度增强,膀胱果、白桦和青榨槭种群的优势度下降。[结论]锐齿栎天然林群落组成和结构变化是一个复杂和缓慢的过程,6年间仅发生了一些微小的波动。     

氮肥对核桃楸育苗质量的影响

氮元素对植物生长起着非常重要的作用,它是植物体内氨基酸的组成部分、是构成蛋白质的成分,也是植物进行光合作用起决定作用的叶绿素的组成部分。通过对核桃楸1年生苗木的氮肥营养研究,探讨氮肥的合理施肥技术。试验结果表明,30g／m是核桃楸的最优氮施肥量,其苗高、地径、主根长、侧根数最优,为核桃楸育苗提供依据。     

钾肥对黄菠萝育苗质量的影响

通过对黄菠萝（Phellodendron amurense Rupr．）1年生苗木施钾肥的试验研究,结果表明：钾肥不同施肥量对苗木的苗高、地径和生物量等主要指标有明显的影响。苗高比对照提高11．6％～28．1％,地径提高21．9％～30．1％,干物质积累量增加42．8％～108．0％,施肥量以10～20g·m^-1为宜。