吉林省牛病毒性腹泻病毒流行病学调查分析

为了解吉林省牛病毒性腹泻的流行情况,试验采用纳米PCR检测技术和牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)抗体ELISA检测试剂盒对吉林省部分省界地区BVDV进行病原和血清抗体流行病学调查。对BVDV 5′-UTR扩增,对扩增出的部分序列进行测序,构建系统遗传进化树。结果表明:在635份血清样品中,ELISA检测抗体阳性397份,阳性率为62.52%。对血清样品及临床组织病料采用纳米PCR方法进行检测,共检测出150份阳性样品(其中血清122份、临床组织病料28份),BVDV阳性率为19.21%。在辽宁省省界地区(四平市、梨树县、东丰县、梅河口市)的BVDV血清抗体阳性率较高,吉林市、丰满区较低。吉林省北部的宁江区、扶余市、榆树市及南部地区的东丰县、柳河县的BVDV抗原阳性率高于东部延边州地区(敦化市、延吉市)及西部地区(白城市),中部地区(吉林市、丰满区)的BVDV抗原阳性率较高。对10份阳性样品的PCR产物进行测序分析,结果牛群中流行毒株均为BVDV 1型,与BVDV JL-1株同源性最高,为吉林省主要流行强毒株。说明吉林省检测地区都存在不同程度的BVDV感染情况。     

吉林某牛场牛病毒性腹泻流行病学调查及分析

为全面了解吉林省某规模化牛场牛病毒性腹泻(BVD)的流行情况,试验采集临床血清样品157份,粪便样品18份,肝脏、精液等组织样品17份,应用BVDV抗体检测试剂盒进行血清抗体检测,利用BVDV1型引物,采用纳米PCR方法对血清及临床样品进行BVDV抗原检测,对抗原阳性样品进行测序分析;将抗原阳性样品经研磨、稀释后用0.22μm滤膜过滤除菌,接入牛肾细胞(MDBK)进行病毒分离培养,盲传3代后再次进行抗原检测;采用免疫荧光技术检测病毒对MDBK细胞的侵染作用;利用Mega软件绘制系统进化树并进行同源性比对分析。结果显示,该牛场临床血清BVDV抗体阳性率为77.1%,血清抗原阳性率为12.1%,临床粪便等样品抗原阳性率为74.3%;病料接入细胞未观察到细胞病变,分离毒株PCR产物测序分析结果与样品抗原检测结果一致;免疫荧光检测结果显示,分离株毒液正常吸附于MDBK细胞中,有明显荧光反应;抗原测序分析显示,该牛场BVD主要流行毒株与BVDV JL-1株同源性高达99.0%,且均为BVDV 1型毒株。本研究对该牛场BVDV流行情况进行了全面调查,为开展净化工作奠定了基础。     

吉林某牛场牛病毒性腹泻流行病学调查及分析

为全面了解吉林省某规模化牛场牛病毒性腹泻(BVD)的流行情况,试验采集临床血清样品157份,粪便样品18份,肝脏、精液等组织样品17份,应用BVDV抗体检测试剂盒进行血清抗体检测,利用BVDV1型引物,采用纳米PCR方法对血清及临床样品进行BVDV抗原检测,对抗原阳性样品进行测序分析;将抗原阳性样品经研磨、稀释后用0.22μm滤膜过滤除菌,接入牛肾细胞(MDBK)进行病毒分离培养,盲传3代后再次进行抗原检测;采用免疫荧光技术检测病毒对MDBK细胞的侵染作用;利用Mega软件绘制系统进化树并进行同源性比对分析。结果显示,该牛场临床血清BVDV抗体阳性率为77.1%,血清抗原阳性率为12.1%,临床粪便等样品抗原阳性率为74.3%;病料接入细胞未观察到细胞病变,分离毒株PCR产物测序分析结果与样品抗原检测结果一致;免疫荧光检测结果显示,分离株毒液正常吸附于MDBK细胞中,有明显荧光反应;抗原测序分析显示,该牛场BVD主要流行毒株与BVDV JL-1株同源性高达99.0%,且均为BVDV 1型毒株。本研究对该牛场BVDV流行情况进行了全面调查,为开展净化工作奠定了基础。     

贵州省部分牛场BVDV、BHV-1、BCoV、MB的感染情况调查及BVDV分子特征分析

为了初步了解贵州省牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)、牛疱疹病毒1型(BHV-1)、牛冠状病毒(BCoV)、牛支原体(MB)的感染情况,在贵州省7个地区的牛场随机采集了224份鼻拭子样品,采用PCR方法检测所采集样品。结果:BVDV阳性率16.07%(36/224),BHV-1阳性率7.59%(17/224),BCoV阳性率8.04%(18/224),MB阳性率12.90%(29/224);BVDV与MB混合感染率为2.68%(6/224),BVDV与BHV-1混合感染率为1.78%(4/224),MB和BHV-1混合感染率为1.34%(3/224),MB和BCoV混合感染1.78%(4/224)。BVDV的5′-UTR和E2基因系统进化树分析发现,3份BVDV样品与标准株ZM-95遗传关系相近,确定了贵州省流行毒株以BVDV-1m型主。本研究结果可为贵州省牛呼吸道和消化道疾病防控提供一定参考。     

吉林省部分牛场BVDV、IBRV、BRSV的感染情况调查

为了解吉林省牛病毒性腹泻(BVD)、牛传染性鼻气管炎(IBR)、牛呼吸道合胞体病(BRS)的流行及其病原混合感染情况,在吉林省的9个地区随机采集了325份血清样品,采用ELISA血清抗体检测试剂盒与新型纳米PCR方法检测所采集样品。结果显示,ELISA检测BVDV抗体阳性243份,阳性率为74.77%,IBRV抗体阳性186份,阳性率为57.23%,BRSV抗体阳性90份,阳性率为27.69%,BVDV与IBRV混合感染率为31.69%;BVDV与BRSV混合感染率为9.54%,IBRV与BRSV混合感染率为1.54%,3种病毒混合感染率为17.23%。采用纳米PCR方法检测所有血清显示,BVDV抗原阳性42份,阳性率12.92%,未检出IBRV抗原阳性;BRSV抗原阳性29份,阳性率8.92%。BVDV与BRSV混合感染率为1.85%。     

东北边境地区野猪及放养杂交野猪戊型肝炎流行病学调查

为了解东北边境地区野猪及放养杂交野猪群体猪戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)感染情况,于2015—2018年在吉林省、黑龙江省的中朝、中俄边境和内蒙古自治区境内加格达奇周边地区采集6月龄以上杂交野猪血清、粪便或肛拭子样品共520份,采集野猪血清和粪便样品共248份。ELISA检测、RT-nPCR检测、全基因组测序、同源性及进化分析结果显示,杂交野猪和野猪感染HEV的血清抗体总阳性率为34.1%(136/399);核酸总阳性率为1.56%(12/771),12份核酸阳性样品均来自杂交野猪,病毒基因组ORF2部分核苷酸序列同源性为85.4%～100.0%,属于基因4型,4a、4b亚型。对4a亚型的1份阳性样品(LJG-18)进行病毒全基因组扩增测序,其核苷酸序列与日本的人源毒株JKO-ChiSai98C同源性最高,为94.9%,与吉林省猪源毒株Ch-S-1同源性为90.2%。结果表明:东北边境地区放养杂交野猪群具有较高的HEV血清抗体阳性率,HEV流行毒株以4a亚型为主。本试验针对我国野猪及放养杂交野猪群体开展猪戊型肝炎流行病学调查,为该病的流行情况提供了新的科学数据,对我国养猪业健康发展和公共卫生安全具有重要意义。     

牛冠状病毒、牛诺如病毒和牛嵴病毒多重PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

为建立能同时检测牛冠状病毒(bovine coronavirus,BCoV)、牛诺如病毒(bovine norovirus,BNoV)和牛嵴病毒(bovine kobuvirus,BKV)的方法,根据BCoV、BNoV和BKV基因组的保守区域设计3对特异性引物,预期特异性扩增BCoV、BNoV和BKV的片段大小分别为896,542,216 bp,建立了BCoV、BNoV和BKV的多重PCR检测方法。特异性检测结果显示,该方法能特异性扩增BCoV、BNoV和BKV的目的条带,且未扩增出其他犊牛腹泻(calf diarrhea,CD)病原;BCoV、BNoV和BKV的最低检测限分别为9.51×10~5,5.39×10~5,2.23×10~6 copies/μL。对采集自河南部分地区的127份CD样品的检测结果显示,BCoV的阳性率为14.96%(19/127),BNoV的阳性率为6.30%(8/127),BKV的阳性率为4.72%(6/127),三者与单一PCR检测结果相一致。结果表明,本研究建立的多重PCR方法可用于BCoV、BNoV和BKV的检测和流行病学调查。     

规模化奶牛场犊牛腹泻的病原检测与分析报告

为了调查某规模化奶牛场犊牛腹泻的发病原因,试验采用血清抗体检测、细菌分离培养、寄生虫卵镜检和病毒核酸检测方法对腹泻犊牛的血样和粪便进行了检查。结果表明,该奶牛场牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病病毒抗体阳性率为65.00%,牛轮状病毒抗体阳性率25.00%,牛冠状病毒抗体阳性率15.00%;分离到1 株结肠弯曲杆菌和1 株空肠弯曲杆菌;所检腹泻犊牛粪便和血液样品中,4 份粪便样品和1 份血液样品检出牛冠状病毒,2 份粪便样品检出轮状病毒,1 份粪便样品和1 份血液样品检出牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病病毒,同一份粪便样品中同时检出牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病病毒和牛冠状病毒;通过镜检,球虫卵囊检出率77.78%,在1 份粪样中发现蛔虫卵,2 份粪样中发现其他线虫卵。该牛场流行性腹泻的原因可能为夏季高温潮湿引起犊牛免疫力下降导致的多病原体感染。     

河北省部分地区致犊牛腹泻主要病原分布特征

为了明确河北省内致犊牛感染性腹泻主要病原,本研究自河北省8个地区采集775份犊牛腹泻粪便样品,根据GenBank中登录的牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)5′UTR基因、牛冠状病毒(BCoV)N基因、牛轮状病毒(BRV)VP6基因和牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)gB基因序列设计特异性引物,参照文献合成隐孢子虫18S rRNA和大肠杆菌16S rRNA引物,利用PCR方法对BVDV、BCoV、BRV、IBRV、隐孢子虫和大肠杆菌进行检测。结果显示,775份犊牛腹泻临床样品中,BVDV的阳性率为27.11%(205/775);BCoV的阳性率为17.52%(137/775);BRV的阳性率为9.85%(77/775);IBRV的阳性率为3.71%(29/775);隐孢子虫的阳性率为12.28%(96/775);大肠杆菌的阳性率为20.46%(160/775);还有9.10%的样品未检测出病原。在河北省部分地区采集的犊牛腹泻粪便样品中,BVDV检测阳性率最高为27.11%,在冬季犊牛BVDV的感染率最高为40.21%,且唐山和张家口地区奶牛场BVDV的感染率高于其他6个地区。本研究明确了河北省内...     

宁夏地区牛传染性鼻气管炎流行病学调查

为进一步研究牛传染性鼻气管炎(IBR)在宁夏地区的流行情况,本研究采用酶联免疫吸附试验和实时荧光PCR方法对宁夏地区银川市、石嘴山市、中卫市、吴忠市以及固原市共5个市的部分牛场样品进行IBR抗体检测和病原检测。共采集血清样品1 550份,其中1 317份血清样品阳性,抗体阳性率为85%;鼻拭子653份,病原阳性样品数为13份,阳性率为1.99%。各地区牛群感染IBR的程度存在显著差异,吴忠市牛群IBR的抗体阳性率最高,达88.2%;固原市最低为63.8%。病原检测结果显示,吴忠市阳性率最高为3.13%,石嘴山市病原阳性率最低为0.81%。不同日龄的牛群均可感染,抗体检测结果显示,成年牛的感染率最高,阳性率为89.6%;病原检测结果显示,犊牛病原阳性率为2.50%,青年牛病原阳性率为2.14%,成年牛病原阳性率为1.70%。本研究初步掌握了IBR在宁夏地区的流行规律,为宁夏地区科学有效地防控提供了科学依据。     

The prevalence of a group 2 coronavirus in dogs in Japan

Canine coronavirus (CCoV) has been reported to cause acute diarrhea mainly in young pups. CCoV and feline coronavirus are classified as group 1 coronaviruses. However, it has recently been reported in the United Kingdom that the group 2 coronavirus gene, which is more closely related to the bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and human coronavirus strain OC43, has been detected in respiratory tract tissue samples from dogs with respiratory disease. In this study, we examined the prevalence of antibodies to group 2 coronaviruses in domestic dogs and cats in Japan by a neutralization test using BCoV. All 104 feline serum samples were negative (<1:5) for anti-BCoV antibodies. In contrast, of the 898 canine serum samples, 160 (17.8%) were positive for anti-BCoV antibodies, and the antibody titers ranged from 1:5 to more than 1:640, with 1:160 being the most frequent. No correlation was found between the titers of the anti-BCoV and anti-CCoV antibodies in the 198 serum samples of dogs with a known history of CCoV vaccination. We amplified, by RT-PCR, group 2 coronavirus-specific hemagglutination/esterase genes in the oral swabs of a total of 10 young pups presenting with or having recovered from respiratory signs, or having anti-BCoV antibodies, with the result that 2 pups were positive for the hemagglutination/esterase genes. These results strongly suggest that an unknown group 2 coronavirus as well as the known enteritis-causing CCoV (group 1 coronavirus) is prevalent among domestic dogs in Japan.     

Rapid and sensitive detection of bovine coronavirus and group a bovine rotavirus from fecal samples by using one-step duplex RT-PCR assay

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and group A bovine rotavirus (BRV) are two of major causes for neonatal calf diarrhea. In the present study, a one-step duplex RT-PCR was established to detect and differentiate BCoV and group A BRV from fecal samples. The sensitivity of this method for BCoV and group A BRV was 10 PFU/100 μl and 1 PFU/100 μl, respectively. Twenty-eight diarrhea fecal samples were detected with this method, the result showed that 2 samples were identified as co-infected with BCoV and group A BRV, 26 samples were group A BRV positive, and 2 samples were negative. It proved that this method is sensitive for clinical fecal samples and is worth applying to laboratory diagnosis for BCoV and group A BRV.     

Evaluation of concurrent shedding of bovine coronavirus via the respiratory tract and enteric route in feedlot cattle

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between shedding of bovine coronavirus (BCV) via the respiratory tract and enteric routes and the association with weight gain in feedlot cattle. ANIMALS: 56 crossbred steers. PROCEDURES: Paired fecal samples and nasal swab specimens were obtained and were tested for BCV, using antigen-capture ELISA. Paired serum samples obtained were tested for antibodies to BCV, using antibody-detection ELISA. Information was collected on weight gain, clinical signs, and treatments for enteric and respiratory tract disease during the study period. RESULTS: Number of samples positive for bovine respiratory coronavirus (BRCV) or bovine enteric coro navirus (BECV) was 37/224 (17%) and 48/223 (22%), respectively. Some cattle (25/46, 45%) shed BECV and BRCV. There were 25/29 (86%) cattle positive for BECV that shed BRCV, but only 1/27 (4%) cattle negative to BECV shed BRCV. Twenty-seven of 48 (56%) paired nasal swab specimens and fecal samples positive for BECV were positive for BRCV. In contrast, only 10/175 (6%) paired nasal swab specimens and fecal samples negative for BECV were positive for BRCV. Only shedding of BECV was associated with significantly reduced weight gain. Seroconversion to BCV during the 21 days after arrival was detected in 95% of the cattle tested. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Feedlot cattle infected with BCV after transport shed BCV from the respiratory tract and in the feces. Fecal shedding of BCV was associated with significantly reduced weight gain. Developing appropriate control measures for BCV infections could help reduce the decreased weight gain observed among infected feedlot cattle.     

1型、2型牛病毒性腹泻病毒通用RT-PCR检测方法的建立与应用

为建立一种快速检测1型、2型牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)的通用RT-PCR方法,根据GenBank上收录的64株1型、2型BVDV以及1株猪瘟病毒(CSFV)的全基因组序列,应用Primer 6.0软件设计针对5'-UTR区域的1型、2型BVDV特异性通用引物对,扩增目的片段,并对该方法进行特异性、敏感性、重复性试验及利用该方法开展临床样品检测。结果显示:扩增的目的片段长度约为302 bp;该方法的灵敏度为2.09×102 copies/μL,无非特异性扩增,且重复性良好。对采自山东省发病牛场的13份鼻腔棉拭子和9份牛血清临床样品进行检测,发现有8份鼻腔棉拭子和8份血清为BVDV阳性,随机抽取4份阳性样品送测序,发现3份样品毒株为1型BVDV,1份样品还需进一步鉴定。本研究建立的RT-PCR方法可实现对1型、2型BVDV核酸的特异性检测,也可用于该病的流行病学调查研究。     

BVDV、BRV和BCoV TaqMan三重RT-qPCR检测方法的建立

为建立牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)、牛轮状病毒(BRV)和牛冠状病毒(BCoV)的快速检测方法,根据GenBank中登录的BVDV 5'-UTR、BRV NSP5和BCoV N基因序列设计特异性引物和探针,通过优化反应体系和条件,建立了同时检测上述3种病毒的TaqMan三重RT-qPCR方法.该方法仅对BVDV 5'-...     

Distribution of Arcobacter species among livestock in Japan

A survey was conducted to examine the distribution of Arcobacter species among livestock in Japan. During May 1999 and May 2000, fecal samples from cattle (n=332) and swine (n=250), chicken cloacal swabs (n=234), and vaginal swabs of cattle (n=61) and swine (n=15) were submitted for the isolation of Arcobacter species. Arcobacter species were isolated from 3.6 and 10.0% of the cattle and swine fecal samples, respectively, along with 14.5% of chicken cloacal swabs. No significant seasonal differences were observed. Species-specific polymerase chain reaction assay showed that A. butzleri was the most prevalent species (83.3, 60.0 and 47.1% of the cattle, swine and chicken isolates, respectively), followed by A. cryaerophilus 1B (16.7, 36.0 and 55.9% of the cattle, swine and chicken isolates, respectively). Of the samples from vaginal swabs, 8.1 and 13.3% were positive for Arcobacter in cattle and swine, respectively. This is the first report demonstrating the distribution of Arcobacter species among livestock in Japan.     

The infectivity and pathogenicity of a group 2 bovine coronavirus in pups

Canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV), which is more closely related to the bovine coronavirus (BCoV), has recently been detected in dogs. In this study, we examined whether BCoV was capable of infecting and exhibiting pathogenicity in dogs. Three 1-month-old pups were oronasally given field isolates of BCoV, and were kept together with 2 control animals. As a result, increases in BCoV-neutralizing antibody titers were confirmed in all pups in the challenged and control groups. Moreover, the virus gene was also detected in oral and rectal swabs by RT-PCR. These results indicate that BCoV infects dogs, and easily infects other dogs that are kept together. However, no clinical symptoms such as respiratory symptoms and diarrhea were observed.