宠物犬牙周病的诊治

牙周病是指发生在牙齿支持组织的疾病,是犬最常见、最严重的一种口腔疾病。论文根据临床治疗经验,对犬牙周病的发病原因、临床症状、诊断及防治措施等进行了论述,可为该病在小动物临床中的诊疗提供参考。     

犬猫牙周病的诊治

牙周病是指发生在牙齿支持组织的疾病,是犬猫最常见、非常严重的一种口腔疾病。作者根据临床治疗经验,对犬猫牙周病的发病原因、临床症状、诊断及防治措施等进行了论述,为该病在小动物临床中的诊疗提供参考依据。     

北京地区26例犬皮肤肿瘤分析

近年犬猫的皮肤肿瘤在小动物临床疾病诊疗过程中有日益增多的趋势,成为犬猫主要疾病之一,作者将临床诊疗中收集到的26例犬皮肤肿瘤组织通过病理切片以及术后追访资料进行初步的分析总结,希望为小动物临床疾病诊疗提供一些资料.     

犬猫的注射麻醉

麻醉作为一种动物保定方法,广泛地应用于小动物疾病的诊断、治疗和外科手术.麻醉分为吸入麻醉、非吸入(注射)麻醉和局部麻醉,目前适用于小动物临床的主要是非吸入麻醉.选择理想的麻醉药物和麻醉方法,是手术成功与否的关键.也是小动物诊疗的重要环节.论文介绍了犬猫注射全身麻醉的方法,麻醉前准备,常用麻醉药物以及如何应用联合用药来取长补短对犬猫实施全身麻醉等.     

一例犬汉森Ⅰ型腰椎间盘突出的诊断与治疗

椎间盘疾病是椎间盘髓核的软骨样变性导致椎间盘突出、脊髓与神经根受压的疾病,是小动物最常见的神经功能障碍问题.本文针对一例犬汉森Ⅰ型腰椎间盘突出进行诊治,并结合相关文献作一分析,旨在为临床相关疾病诊疗提供一定的参考和借鉴.     

犬牙周疾病的综合防治

犬牙周病以牙龈炎、牙周炎为主,常见症状为牙齿疼痛、牙齿松动、化脓、齿龈萎缩等.随着病情的发展,犬牙周病会引发菌血症、脊椎炎及心脏内膜炎等病症,危及犬类生命.在发现宠物犬出现进食减少、流涎、口臭等现象时,应考虑是否患上犬牙周疾病,到宠物诊所及时就诊.犬牙周疾病是宠物犬饲养中的常见病,由牙齿周围组织炎症引发,5岁以上犬类的...     

一例犬急性肾衰竭的诊疗体会

正犬急性肾功能衰竭是指肾组织发生的急性肾功能不全或肾单位绝对数减少所致的临床综合征。肾衰竭是犬常见的疾病,临床上主要以发病急、少尿或无尿、代谢紊乱及尿毒症等为特征,本文就一例犬急性肾衰竭的临床检查、实验室检查及实际治疗方案进行了简单论述,并对治疗后的结果进行分析,针对治疗方法及临床用药提出合理性的建议,希望对小动物肾功能衰竭的诊疗提供一些参考。急性肾衰竭是由各种致病原因造成两肾排泄功能在     

胃镜在犬猫上消化道检查中的应用

近年来,随着动物医疗水平的提高,内窥镜在小动物诊疗方面的应用逐渐增多,目前国内外应用于犬猫疾病方面的内窥镜主要有腹腔镜、胸腔镜、胃镜、肠镜、结肠镜及关节镜等.而在犬猫疾病中应用最多为腹腔镜和胃镜.下面介绍胃镜在犬猫中的应用.     

小型犬糖尿病的病因学与临床诊疗

摘要: 糖尿病是犬最常见的代谢内分泌病,多发生于中、老龄犬。通过对该病的临床治疗与观察,作者就犬糖尿病的分类、病因学、临床症状、诊断和治疗方面的最新研究作了较为详细的阐述,以期为该病在小动物临床中的诊疗提供参考依据。     

犬产后惊厥的诊断和治疗

犬产后惊厥是小动物临床经常发生的产科疾病。该病表现为体温升高、呼吸急促、全身痉挛,容易误诊,治疗不及时甚至造成死亡。在小动物临床上要注意该病的诊断、治疗和预防。     

Periodontal disease. Etiology and pathogenesis

Periodontal disease is the number-one cause of the early loss of teeth in dogs and cats. Some of the factors in the adult animal that play a major role in the development of periodontal diseases are discussed in this article, including overcrowding, malocclusions, diet, developmental defects, and metabolic and systemic disease.     

犬瘙痒性皮肤病研究进展

瘙痒是犬皮肤病的典型临床症状之一,通常除瘙痒外还常伴脱毛、红斑等皮肤症状。瘙痒问题不仅困扰动物本身,也影响到饲养者的生活质量。瘙痒的发生机制复杂,目前国内外已有大量对人和犬瘙痒性皮肤病的临床和基础研究,揭示了瘙痒和神经免疫系统之间的关系,引入了“瘙痒-抓挠”循环的概念,且表明了免疫系统、皮肤屏障和神经系统的单独促进作用和交互作用是瘙痒产生的关键因素,任一环节的问题都可开启“瘙痒-抓挠”的恶性循环。临床上引起犬瘙痒的病因复杂,参照2007年由国际瘙痒研究论坛成员提出的瘙痒分类,将引起犬瘙痒的疾病根据病因类比对应分为了六大类,引起皮肤病性瘙痒的疾病分为了感染性、过敏性、肿瘤性等,其中在临床上最主要的是犬过敏性瘙痒。犬瘙痒性皮肤病的诊断方法及鉴别诊断多样,需从多方面对患病犬进行信息收集,按一定顺序进行排查和鉴别诊断。犬瘙痒性皮肤病的治疗周期长且疾病易反复,目前常用的西医药物存在副作用大、靶点单一、价格昂贵等不足,中药方剂成分复杂,有效成分多,可从多通路多途径治疗机制复杂的瘙痒,在犬瘙痒性皮肤病的治疗上具有优势和广阔前景。文章对瘙痒发生的机制、犬瘙痒性疾病的分类、诊断及中西医治疗思路等最新研究...     

Periodontal disease

Periodontal disease is the most commonly diagnosed problem in small animal veterinary medicine. In the vast majority of cases, however, there are little to no outward clinical signs of the disease process, and, therefore, therapy often comes very late in the disease course. Consequently, periodontal disease is also the most undertreated animal health problem. In addition, unchecked periodontal disease has numerous dire consequences both locally and systemically. These consequences are detailed in the article and should be utilized to educate clients and encourage compliance of therapeutic recommendations. The local consequences include oronasal fistulas, class II perio-endo lesions, pathologic fractures, ocular problems, osteomyelitis, and an increased incidence of oral cancer. Systemic diseases linked to periodontal disease include: renal, hepatic, pulmonary, and cardiac diseases; osteoporosis, adverse pregnancy effects, and diabetes mellitus. Before the discussion of consequences, this article covers the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, followed by clinical features and diagnostic tests.     

Pigmented-anaerobic bacteria associated with canine periodontitis

The etiology of human periodontal disease has been the focus of considerable research, yet relatively little is known about the causative agents of companion animal periodontitis. In humans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, a black-pigmented anaerobic bacteria (BPAB), has been implicated as the primary periopathogen. It has been demonstrated that BPAB are also found in companion animal periodontal pockets. While some animal BPAB have been individually identified, a study to identify the most frequently isolated subgingival BPAB has not been completed using genetic tools. The objective of this work was to identify the types and relative frequencies of pigmented anaerobic bacteria found in the periodontal pockets of dogs. Porphyromonas salivosa, Porphyromonas denticanis (a novel species) and Porphyromonas gulae were found to be the most frequently isolated BPAB associated with canine periodontitis.     

Canine periodontitis: the dog as an important model for periodontal studies

Periodontal disease (PD) refers to a group of inflammatory diseases caused by bacterial plaque in the periodontium and ranges from an early stage (gingivitis) to an advanced stage (periodontitis). It is a multifactorial disease that results from the interaction of the host defence mechanisms with the plaque microorganisms. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment are essential in the control of this disease. PD has an enormous impact on human and veterinary medicine due to its high prevalence. The most common animal PD models use dogs and non-human primates, although other animals (rats, mice, hamsters, rabbits, miniature pigs, ferrets, and sheep) have also been employed. Dog models have contributed significantly to the current understanding of periodontology. The most important clinical aspects of canine PD are considered in this review and the various animal models are examined with an emphasis on the role of the dog as the most useful approach for understanding human PD and in the development of new therapeutic and preventive measures.     

Diagnostic value of the use of lateral and occlusal radiographic views in comparison with periodontal probing for the assessment of periodontal attachment of the canine teeth in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic value of 2 intraoral bisecting angle radiographic views in comparison with periodontal probing for the assessment of periodontal attachment of the canine teeth in dogs. STUDY POPULATION: 466 canine teeth from 117 dogs. PROCEDURE: Periodontal probing measurements were recorded, and clinical attachment levels (CAL) were calculated at the mesial, buccal, distal, and lingual (or palatal) surfaces on each canine tooth. Occlusal and lateral radiographs of the canine teeth were obtained. Alveolar margin height (AMH) was measured at the same 4 surfaces. Values for AMH and CAL were compared on the basis of tooth surface, dental arch, and radiographic view. RESULTS: The AMH at the mesial and distal surfaces of the mandibular canine teeth was measurable on the lateral view and was significantly correlated with CAL. Similar results were found for the mesial and distal surfaces of the maxillary canine teeth. Buccal and lingual AMH were measured on the mandibular occlusal radiographic view, and values were significantly correlated with CAL, but only the buccal AMH could be assessed on the occlusal radiographic view of the maxilla with values that correlated significantly with CAL. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The lateral radiographic view is suitable for evaluating periodontal attachment at the mesial and distal surfaces of the canine teeth in dogs. The occlusal radiographic view is suitable for assessing buccal surfaces as well as the lingual surface of mandibular canine teeth but not the palatal surface of maxillary canine teeth in dogs.     

Management of periodontal disease: understanding the options.

Periodontal disease is the most common disease occurring in domestic dogs and cats, and local severity and the impact on the rest of the body are reasons why all companion animal patients should receive an oral examination every time they are seen. This article provides the background information on how an effective periodontal management program can be tailored for each patient.     

Home care: products and techniques

Periodontal disease is common in dogs and cats. Prevention and treatment is important for general health and well-being of our pets. Both prevention and treatment of periodontal disease have two components, namely maintenance of oral hygiene and professional periodontal therapy. Maintenance of oral hygiene is performed by the owner and is, therefore, also called home care. The preventions and long-term control of periodontal disease requires adequate home care. This chapter details home care techniques and available products.     

Is Wolbachia complicating the pathological effects of Dirofilaria immitis infections?

Human and animal parasitic filarial nematodes, which often are the cause of severe disease, harbor intracellular bacteria of the genus Wolbachia (Rickettsiaceae). It is thought that these bacteria play an important role in the pathogenesis and immune response to filarial infection. In order to determine the possible role of Wolbachia in heartworm disease, dogs naturally infected with Dirofilaria immitis were studied for specific antibody response to Wolbachia surface protein (WSP). Antibody subclasses were analyzed to determine immune response polarization. Dogs that died from heartworm disease were necropsied, and various organs were studied by immunohistochemistry to determine whether Wolbachia-derived molecules were present in tissue from infected dogs. Humoral response to the WSP was present in all infected dogs and appeared to be predominantly of the Th1-type. Several organs, including lung, liver, and kidney, contained positive-staining cells for WSP, confirming that the canine host does come into contact with Wolbachia-derived molecules.     

Diet and periodontal disease in dogs and cats

SUMMARY A review of relevant literature was undertaken because of concerns about a possible relationship between pet foods, development of periodontal disease, and secondary adverse effects on general health. It was concluded that, while changes in feeding methods in recent decades have arguably improved pet health by reducing or preventing diseases associated with nutritional deficiencies and excesses, periodontal disease remains a serious, diet-related problem. There is reasonable evidence that soft diets are associated with increased frequency and severity of periodontal disease, and that harder foods requiring vigorous prehension and mastication are preferable for dogs and cats. While it is plausible that periodontal disease could cause diseases in other organs and tissues, the evidence for this is limited at present. Further research is needed to better define the relationship between diet types and oral health. In the meantime, veterinarians and pet owners should pay attention to the physical qualities (textures, abrasiveness, ‘chewiness’) of foods they provide for dogs and cats, as well as to their nutrient content, and should consider additional methods to control plaque and prevent periodontal disease where necessary.