平原农区高标准农田林网营造技术

通过对赣榆县平原农区近20 a的农田林网营造技术调查研究,从规划设计、树种配置、管理措施及效益分析等方面系统地、有针对性地提出了一些平原农区高标准农田林网营造技术的措施和建议。     

农田林网更新改造技术与效果评价

农田林网是平原农区构成农田防护林体系的重要组成部分。目前,山东省部分林网存在树龄过大、结构不合理、树种品种老化、病虫害严重等问题,迫切需要更新改造,提高林网质量,实现其防护功能和综合效益的持续性和稳定性。为此,山东省科委于１９９１年下达《农田林网更新...     

加速牧区和半农半牧区农田林网化建设

农田林网化建设是绿洲防护林体系建设的重要组成部分,是农村工作的一项长期战略任务,是保障农牧业稳产高产的生态屏障。十年来我区的农田林网化建设虽取得了很大成就,但发展不平衡,南疆好于北疆,农区好于半农半牧区。自治区人民政府决定1995年全疆实现林网化。北疆地区农田林网化的任务还很艰巨,特别是牧区和半农半牧区农田林网化建设尤为艰巨,现就加速林网化进程谈点我们的看法: 一、进一步提高北疆地区,特别是牧区     

农田林网资源调查分析

农田林网是平原农区发展林业的主要形式之一。国内外对农田林网的防护作用、改善农田小气候,促进农业稳产高产以及农田林网的配置等方面都有较深的研究,但对资源的研究还是一个新的课题。为此,通过对农田林网的调查,分析了林网资源及其特点。 调查方法 1.1 根据江苏省森林资源调查有关技术规定,把同时符合树木3行以上、宽6m以上、面积3亩以上的林带划为成片林(林网),反之为四旁树(林网)。成片林(林网)用1/10000地形图实地调查,四旁树(林网)以县为总体,以村民小组为样本进行抽样调查。 1.2 对农田林网网格面积用1/10000地形图实地将所有整齐的林带在地形图上画出,并在图上求算网格面积。根据网格大小,将林网分成200亩以下,20.1～300亩、301～400     

河北南部平原农田林网发展的宏观对策与技术思路探讨

农田林网建设存在的问题 林网总体规模减小,发展不均衡。通过对河北省南部平原县市农田林网现状的调查发现,目前,农田林网控制率大约在65％左右,较上世纪70年代下降20％,而且发展水平也很不均衡。好的县市在85％以上,差的地方不足40％,极个别的地方几乎没有形成林网,形成了上万亩、甚至近10万亩的空旷地。我国北方平原绿化达标的标准是要求农田林网控制率是85％,平原绿化示范县的农田林网标准是90％,而且要想发挥良好的生态防护效能,林网控制率也不能低于90％。     

关于加速实现全区农田林网化的报告

为了尽快实现我区农田林网化奋斗目标,自治区林业厅向自治区人民政府提出了《关于加速实现全区农田林网化的报告》,现经自治区人民政府批准,本刊全文转登在此,以供各地学习与执行使用.治区人民政府在转发该报告的通知中指出:自治区人民政府同意自治区林业厅《关于加速实现全区农田林网化的报告》现转发给你们,请认真贯彻执行.“七五”期间,我区农田林网化建设取得了很大成就.到1990年,全疆有51个县(市),92个农垦团场基本实现了农田林网化,保护农田4000万亩.大规模的农田林网为保护和改善生态环境,促进农牧业持续稳定协调发展,发挥了巨大作用.“八五”期间各级政府要继续狠抓农田林网化建设,进一步加强领导,落实有关政策,采取有力措施,加快林网化建设步伐.目前尚未实现林网化的县和团场,必须按规划要求如期实现;已经实现林网化的,要在现有基础上进一步巩固、完善提高,为实现平原绿化而努力.     

关于苏北、鲁西南地区发展平原造林的几个问题

中共中央、国务院《关于保护森林发展林业若干问题的决定》中明确指出:“平原、丘陵广大农区和林区内条件好的荒山荒地,植树造林潜力大,见效快,各地应当采取有力措施,尽快地把这些地方绿化起来”。赵紫阳总理在五届人大四次会议上所作的政府工作报告中也提出“当前植树造林的重点,应该放在广大平原和丘陵地区”。这是极为重要的振兴林业的部署。最近,我们到山东、江苏两省就平原绿化的有关问题进行了调查。从调查的情况看,近几年来,以农田林网为主体的平原绿化发展较快,成效显著。截至1982年,江苏省已有2000多万亩耕地实现了农田林网化,占可以实现农田林网化农田的三分之一强。全省林木总蓄积量为1586万立方米,而“四旁”植树和林网林木蓄     

发展浙江林业的几个问题(二)

(六) 平原林网的配置 全省有平原3543万亩,占23.2％。为了保护平原农田的高产稳产,抵御灾害性天气对农作物的危害。根据余杭县博陆公社红阳大队及桐乡县义马公社众安大队对农田林网效益的测定报导,讨论农田林网的合理配置。     

高标准农田林网建设及其效益

1前言江苏省徐州市是平原农区．农田林网建设是绿化工作的重要组成部分，建成的农区综合防护林体系多次被评为全国、全省造林绿化先进单位。为了加强农田杯网在平原绿化中的地位和作用．逐步提高农田林网建设标准和水平。该市打破强调林带机械走向的造林模式，因地制宜，因害设防。坚持林带少占耕地，依托农田水利工程和道路配置林带，实行沟、渠、路、林相结合；坚持多林件、多树种、多功能、高效益的复层林结构。建设以农田林网为骨架，村庄绿化、小片丰产林、经济林、农林间作为主要内容的网、带、片、点相结合的平原农区综合防护林体系…     

平原地区毛白杨农田林造林技术

平原地区毛白杨农田林造林技术毛白杨是华北平原地区农田林网建设的主要树种，若采用的造林方法不当，不但降低造林成活率、影响林相整齐度，而且易形成小老树，大幅度降低农田林网的间接效益及直接效益。我市于８０年代后期在农田林网建设上推广应用良种毛白杨苗木，为探...     

平原绿化技术措施探讨

平原绿化主要有农田林网模式、林农间作模式、公路绿化模式、河道绿化模式、园林化乡镇绿化模式和村屯绿化模式。本文对各模式的主要技术措施进行探讨,并提出各模式适宜区。     

中亚热带沿海平原地区不同立地条件下桉树生长情况调查及分析

自1985年以来,台州市椒江区沿海平原先后成功引种了巨桉、柳桉、邓恩桉等桉属优良树种。研究发现这些树种不但树体高大,生长迅速,而且具有抗风力强,耐盐碱,耐干旱,抗污染能力强等优良特性。在椒江区沿海各类不同立地环境条件均生长良好,是值得在我国亚热带沿海平原地区大力推广的优良防护林树种。     

Regularities of wind-erosion of different land-use types in Yongding River sandy land, Beijing

The threshold wind velocity of a number of variables was studied in four different land-use types: farm land, forestland, wild grassland and a flood plain in the Yongding River sandy land in Beijing. The variables studied were transport of sand, underlying surface roughness, windblown sediment, wind-sand flow structure, soil mechanical composition and amount of wind erosion. The following conclusions were drawn: 1) The order of decreasing threshold of wind speed for sand displacement and surface roughness were forestland, wild grassland, farm land, sparse wild grassland and flood plain. 2) There were significant differences in sand flux among different ground covers. At a height of 0–20 cm, the height increased while the sediment discharge percent of sand flux decreased; there were significant differences in the sand flow formation under different land-use types. 3) The mechanical composition of sand particles consisted mainly of silver sand in the flood plain and sparse wild grassland, and of silver sand, particle silver sand and floury sand in other land-use types. 4) The amounts of wind erosion and sand sediment were different among different land-use types. Increased vegetation cover and change in farming techniques were suggested to prevent and control wind erosion of sand and soil. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2005, 41(4) [译自: 林业科学, 2005, 41(4)]     

周口地区平原农区现代林业建设探讨

在分析林业资源、土地、交通等优势的基础上，阐述了平原农区现代林业建设的必要性和可行性，提出了平原农区现代林业建设的基本框架与内容。     

Damage caused by the American grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) to agricultural crops, poplar plantations and semi-natural woodland in Piedmont, Italy

The incidence of damage caused by grey squirrels in the Turinplain was studied to assess the impact this alien species ishaving on the highly fragmented Piedmont environment, in particularon profitable cereals, poplar plantations and semi-natural woodlands.The survey of damage was conducted both by interviews to localfarmers and growers and by direct assessment using the NearestNeighbour Method on plantations and woodlands, studying randomlychosen plots in the Turin plain to gain a general overview ofthe situation. The results show a low incidence of damage causedby grey squirrels in the area: little or none was found in semi-naturalwoodlands and in agricultural crops, apart from maize whereless than 1 per cent of fields showed damage, and poplar plantationswhere 5 per cent had signs of bark stripping. Damage on maizecrops was random across the plain, but debarking damage to poplarswas mostly concentrated on the western side of the plain, andtended to occur only in particular years. Damage was concentratedclose to streams and rivers surrounding fields and plantations.The introduction of the grey squirrel in Italy has already causedecological damage such as the extinction of the red squirrelin some areas. Nevertheless, little or no information is availableon the damage this species is causing on woodlands or agriculturalareas. This study is a preliminary survey in order to fill thisgap.     

河南省平原绿化的资源模式及功能

平原绿化具有显著的生态功能、经济功能和社会功能。平原绿化资源、绿化模式是功能效益的基础,而其功能效益是绿化资源、绿化模式的体现。本文概括阐述了河南省平原地区的自然条件、资源状况和绿化模式,分析了平原绿化产生的功能效益。在此基础上,以科学发展观为指导,研究提出了巩固河南省平原绿化成效与进一步提高质量、提升功能的政策措施。     

沙漠地区农业种植技术初探

沙漠地区在没有造林或造林初期防护效益不显著情况下，农业种植受风沙危害比较严重，提高农业种植产量是我们面临的一道难题。本文对中国林科院沙漠林业实验中心井灌区第四实验场风沙环境和三年来的种植情况进行分析，得出农业防风害的措施有以下几个方面：农作物品种的选择；种植时间的调整；以增加起动风速为目的的各项抗风害措施的采用；以减小风沙流强度和目的的阻沙林和固沙工程的建造。这些措施能有效地减小和防止风沙灾害的发     

黑龙江省密山林场风电场设计可行性研究

黑龙江省密山林场（柳毛）风电场位于黑龙江省密山市东南部,兴凯湖以北。密山地势西北高、东南低,北部为完达山脉,南部为长白山余脉,中部为穆棱河冲积平原,海拔在65m～683m之间。本文将对柳毛风电场的风能资源进行分析、对风电机组的选型布置以及风电场的发电量进行估算,目的是为柳毛风电场的设计进行可行性分析。     

Wind speed reductions as influenced by woody hedgerows grown for biomass in short rotation alley cropping systems in Germany

The cultivation of fast growing trees on agricultural sites is an area undergoing a growth in interest due to the rising demand for woody biomass as a source of bioenergy. Short rotation alley cropping systems (SRACS) represent a promising possibility to combine annual crops for food, fodder or bioenergy with woody plants for biomass production, doing so through an integration of hedgerows of fast growing trees into conventional agricultural sites. Against such developments, the question has arisen as to what extent hedgerows in SRACS can act as an effective windbreak despite their management-related low height of only a few meters. On the basis of multiannual recorded wind velocity data in high resolution at two sites in Germany, it could be shown that the wind speed on crop alleys was reduced significantly by such hedgerows. At the central point of 24 m wide crop alleys, the wind speed decreased on an annual average basis by more than 50 % when compared to the wind speeds of open field. The overall amount of reduction was strongly dependent on the location within the crop alleys, the height of trees, the distance between two hedgerows, and their orientation. In reflection upon these results, it was concluded that the establishment of SRACS could lead to enhanced soil protection against wind erosion and thus to ecological and economic benefits for agricultural sites.     

种植技术对玉米生长状况及玉米产量的影响研究

采用综合试验的研究方法,研究了在农牧交错带陕北风沙区不同种植日期对玉米生长的影响。采用3种不同耕作措施处理试验了玉米不同种植日期对玉米生长状况以及产量的影响。并从防治水土流失、土壤水蚀及风蚀的角度评价了保护性耕作的生态效益和玉米适宜播期对农业的发展和农村经济可持续发展的社会和经济效益。分析试验结果,结合当地自然地理概况,最后确定了在农牧交错带陕北风沙区玉米的最适宜播期为中播,即4月26日种植。