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绿僵菌防治低密度草原蝗虫对蝗虫多样性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目前草原蝗虫的防治受到国家及地方高度重视,而因化学农药对生态的破坏严重,生物农药越来越受到各界人士的青睐。针对化学农药和生物农药(绿僵菌)防治草原蝗虫后的对比进一步证实生物农药防治草原蝗虫的对生态的保护作用,同时也证实了生物农药对生物多样性也有一定的影响。 相似文献
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辽西北草原沙化治理工程在北票市实施五年来,该市草原植被盖度和高度显著提高,草原生态作用日益显现.随着草原生态的好转,以蝗虫为主的草地害虫繁衍迅速,做好草原虫害防治工作尤为重要,为了更好地保护草原生态环境,北票市草原工作站结合国家生物灭蝗示范县项目,在北票市的6个乡镇先后开展了以草原牧鸡为主的生物灭蝗防治草原虫害技术试验.试验取得非常满意的效果,通过草原牧鸡可以有效地控制蝗虫等草原虫害,节省了大量的农药费用,减少农药残毒对草原的污染,保护了生态环境,农牧民养殖草原牧鸡还能获得可观的收入. 相似文献
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在对内蒙西部地区昆虫病原微生物资源调查中,从甜莱象(虫甲)等六种病死虫体上,分离到四属六种虫生真菌,即绿僵菌、白僵菌、蝗虫霉和干尸虫霉等。接种试验表明,所分离到的绿僵菌和白僵菌对其原来寄主昆虫都有一定的感染致病能力,有希望用于这些害虫的生物防治。 相似文献
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[目的]筛选对青海省草原蝗虫具有较好防治效果的药剂。[方法]采用超低量喷雾方法,研究了虫毙净、黑克、印楝素3种药剂对青海草原蝗虫的防治效果。[结果]喷施4.5%虫毙净300 ml/hm2、20%黑克300 ml/hm2、0.3%印楝素乳油150 ml/hm2时对青海草原蝗虫的平均校正防治效果分别为88.59%、91.14%和86.90%,且三者间差异不显著。[结论]为青海省有效开展草原蝗虫防治工作奠定了基础。 相似文献
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1%苦参碱可溶性液防治草原蝗虫田间药效试验 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
苦参碱是1种新型的生物防治制剂,具有对人畜安全、不污染环境、易于就地取材、节约开支、使用经济等优点。为了确定苦参碱是否对草原蝗虫具有良好的防治效果,2010~2011年连续2 a以常用药剂4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油为药剂对照,在天然草场上测试了1%苦参碱可溶性液使用量4.5 g/hm2、6.0 g/hm2和7.5 g/hm2对草原蝗虫的防治效果。结果表明:1%苦参碱可溶性液4.5~7.5 g/hm2处理对草原蝗虫表现出了较好的防治效果,2 a防治效果均在90%以上。本研究结果可为1%苦参碱药剂的产品登记以及为生产上选择适于防治草原蝗虫的药剂提供科学依据。 相似文献
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随着人工草地建设和发展,草地病虫害日趋严重,引起草地退化.为了控制虫害的发生和发展,钟祥试验区对人工草地进行调查及防治试验,初步了解了害虫种类和分布,观察其生活史及危害规律,在防治上采用农业和生物措施,取得一定效果. 相似文献
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Hugo De Groote Orou-Kobi Douro-Kpindou Zakaria Ouambama Comlan Gbongboui Dieter Müller Serge Attignon Chris Lomer 《Agriculture and Human Values》2001,18(4):413-428
A participatory rural appraisal inthree West African countries examined thepossibility for replacing chemical pesticidesto control locusts and grasshoppers with abiological control method based on anindigenous fungal pathogen. The fungus iscurrently being tested at different sites inthe Sahel and in the humid tropics of WestAfrica. Structured group interviews, individualdiscussions, and field visits, were used toobtain farmers' perceptions of locust andgrasshoppers as crop pests, their quantitativeestimation of crop losses, and theirwillingness to pay for locust control. Farmersas well as plant protection officers generallyperceived locusts and grasshoppers as importantpests that cause significant damage. Farmerswere aware of some of the risks of the use ofchemical pesticides, but not of the potentialalternatives. The use of the fungus in anoil-formulation and standard Ultra Low Volume(ULV) equipment was demonstrated, and theresults discussed with farmers. Theirimpressions of biological control werefavorable, and they expressed an interest inusing the technology. Farmers' expressedwillingness to pay for locust control is small,but not negligible. Locusts and grasshoppersare very visible pests and thus amenable topressure from farmers to local administrators,as well as by farmers' relatives in the city onthe national government. Therefore, politicalpressure for locust control is strong, althoughnational governments spend little on it,depending mostly on foreign donors. Donors areincreasingly worried about the environmentaleffect of the large amounts of chemicalpesticides used on locust control, and arepushing for more benign alternatives. Theresults of the present survey indicate thatthere may be a potential market for abiopesticide against grasshoppers and locustson cash crops in the humid areas. The potentialmarket in the Sahel depends on a reduction ofcosts or a subsidy of its price. This subsidycould be justified by the expected reduction inenvironmental and health costs when replacingchemical pesticides. Since donors are thecurrent purchasers of chemical pesticides forthe Sahel, they would also be expected to beinvolved in the purchase of the biologicalproduct. 相似文献
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在内蒙古锡林郭勒盟镶黄旗蝗灾发生区,采集了严重危害草原的4龄期、5龄期及成虫的亚洲小车蝗,分别对它们的活体、死体的悬浮速度进行了测定,为草地蝗虫吸捕机的设计与改进提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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苜蓿是我国西北重要的牧草,明确苜蓿多年种植情况下害虫-天敌生态演变规律,对宁夏南部山区畜牧产业结构调整、持续发展牧草种植和提高防治水平有着重要意义。在研究区域,针对不同种植年限的苜蓿草地昆虫种群数量进行调查,通过对其发生规律和群落结构分析,结果表明:种植5年以内的苜蓿草地中,昆虫总个体数以及害虫的危害较轻,昆虫总个体数比较稳定,没有明显的变化,但种植年限5年以上的苜蓿草地中害虫逐步开始发生严重,尤其是地下害虫。因此苜蓿草业发展应当注意合理安排种植规模和时间,充分利用害虫-天敌发展的生态规律进行控害增产,进入持续发展的良性轨道。 相似文献