Copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase from lemon cDNA and enzyme stability

A full-length cDNA clone of 744 bp encoding a putative copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) from lemon (Citrus limon) was cloned by PCR approach. Nucleotide sequence analysis of this cDNA clone revealed that it comprised an open reading frame coding for 152 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequences showed high identity (65-84%) with the sequences of the Cu/Zn-SODs from other plant species. Computer analysis of the residues required for coordinating copper (His-45, -47, -62, and -119) and zinc (His-62, -70, and -79 and Asp-82), as well as the two cysteines (56 and 145) that form a single disulfide bond, showed they were well-conserved among all reported Cu/Zn-SOD sequences in the present study. To further characterize the lemon Cu/Zn-SOD, the coding region was subcloned into an expression vector, pET-20b(+), and transformed into Escherichia coliBL21(DE3). Expression of the Cu/Zn-SOD was confirmed by enzyme activity staining on a native gel and purified by Ni(2+)-nitrilotriacetic acid Sepharose superflow. The purified enzyme showed two active forms (70% monomer and 30% dimer) in equilibrium, and the specific activity was 7 456 units/mg. The activity of the dimer was 65% higher than that of the monomer. The thermal inactivation rate constant K(d) value calculated for the dimer at 90 degrees C was -7.0 x 10(-3) min(-1), and the half-life for inactivation was 99 min. Both activity and forms of the enzyme were affected very little by acidic pH, basic pH, or 4% SDS. The dimeric structure was more resistant to heat and proteolytic attack with trypsin or chymotrypsin compared to the monomeric structure. Imidazole caused the dimer to dissociate into monomers. These studies suggested subunit interaction might be important for enzyme stability.     

Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression of a cDNA coding Copper/Zinc superoxide dismutase from black porgy

A full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) clone encoding a putative copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) was amplified by a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based technique from cDNA synthesized from black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli, mRNA. Nucleotide sequence analysis of this cDNA clone revealed that it comprised a complete open reading frame coding for 154 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence showed slightly higher identity (72.8-78.1%) with shark and swordfish Cu/Zn-SOD than with Cu/Zn-SOD from mammalian (68.1-70.7%) and plant (55.5-56.5%) sources. The residues required for coordinating copper and zinc are conserved as they are among all reported Cu/Zn-SOD sequences. The deduced amino acid sequence lacks mitochondria targeting sequence, which suggests that the black porgy cDNA clone encodes a cytosolic Cu/Zn-SOD. The coding region of Cu/Zn-SOD from black porgy was introduced into an expression vector, pET-20b(+), and transformed into Escherichia coli AD494(DE3)pLysS. A predominant achromatic zone was detected by activity staining of native PAGE. This indicates that the Cu/Zn-SOD cDNA clone can express active Cu/Zn-SOD enzyme in E. coli.     

碱茅（Puccinellia tenuifolra）Put-Cu／Zn—SOD基因的克隆及在酵母中的表达

从碱茅根cDNA文库分离得到Put－Cu／Zn—SOD全长cDNA,其序列全长为2700bp,该基因的开放读码框为长615bp,所编码的蛋白由204个氨基酸组成,其预测分子量约为20．6kD、理论等电点约为5．63。Put－Cu／Zn—SOD氨基酸序列与水稻Cu／Zn-SOD序列有较高的同源性为87％。将Put-Cu／Zn—SOD基因构建到酵母表达载体pYES2,并转化至酵母（INVSc1）。对pYES2-Put-Cu／Zn—SOD转化酵母进行盐碱、氧化胁迫实验。结果表明：重组酵母的抗盐碱、氧化能力明显高于对照（pYES2转化酵母）,结果显示了碱茅的Cu／Zn—SOD基因在酵母表达中,具有提高酵母抗盐碱和耐氧化能力。     

Cloning and expression of a cDNA coding for catalase from zebrafish (Danio rerio)

A full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) clone encoding a catalase was amplified by the rapid amplication of cDNA ends-polymerase chain reaction (RACE-PCR) technique from zebrafish (Danio rerio) mRNA. Nucleotide sequence analysis of this cDNA clone revealed that it comprised a complete open reading frame coding for 526 amino acid residues and that it had a molecular mass of 59 654 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence showed high similarity with the sequences of catalase from swine (86.9%), mouse (85.8%), rat (85%), human (83.7%), fruit fly (75.6%), nematode (71.1%), and yeast (58.6%). The amino acid residues for secondary structures are apparently conserved as they are present in other mammal species. Furthermore, the coding region of zebrafish catalase was introduced into an expression vector, pET-20b(+), and transformed into Escherichia coli expression host BL21(DE3)pLysS. A 60-kDa active catalase protein was expressed and detected by Coomassie blue staining as well as activity staining on polyacrylamide gel followed electrophoresis.     

棉花肉桂醇脱氢酶基因GhCAD3的克隆及原核表达

肉桂醇脱氢酶(CAD)是木质素生物合成过程中的一个关键酶类。本研究从棉花中克隆了一个CAD基因,命名为GhCAD3(GenBank登录号为FJ376601)。GhCAD3全长1573 bp,具有1个1080 bp的开放阅读框,5′非编码区为35 bp,3′非编码区为458 bp,编码359个氨基酸,预测分子量约为39.116kD,等电点为7.48。氨基酸同源性分析发现,GhCAD3与其他CAD一致性为64.13%。为了进一步研究GhCAD3基因的功能,构建了该基因的原核表达载体pET-28a-CAD3,经酶切鉴定后转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中。SDS-PAGE电泳分析表明,最佳诱导表达条件为0.5 mmol/L IPTG在37℃下诱导7 h。     

Biochemical characterization of a cambialistic superoxide dismutase isozyme from diatom Thallassiosira weissflogii: cloning, expression, and enzyme stability

A cDNA clone of 1081 bp encoding a second putative superoxide dismutase (SOD) from diatom Thallassiosira weissflogii was cloned by the polymerase chain reaction technique. The cDNA encodes a protein of 286 amino acid residues. Alignment of the truncated SOD sequence containing 217 amino acid residues with Mn-SODs from Vibrio mimicus and Escherichia coli, as well as two Fe-SODs from E. coli and Photobacterium leiognathi, this SOD showed greater homology to Mn-SOD. The residues required to coordinate the manganese ion were conserved in all reported Mn-SOD. The recombinant SOD has a half life of deactivation of 14.7 min at 65 degrees C. Its thermal inactivation rate constant Kd was 3.21 x 10(-2) min(-1). The enzyme was stable in a broad pH range from 4 to 12. The presence of imidazole (up to 0.8 M) and sodium dodecylsulfate (up to 4%) had little effect on the enzyme's activity. The atomic absorption spectrometric assay showed the presence of 0.3 atom of iron/manganese (2:1) in each SOD subunit. Reconstituted activity suggested that diatom SOD was cambialistic Fe/Mn-SOD.     

Characterization of the dimer-monomer equilibrium of the papaya Copper/Zinc superoxide dismutase and its equilibrium shift by a single amino acid mutation.

The coding region of the copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) cDNA from papaya fruit, Carica papaya L. cv. Tainong 2, was cloned into an expression vector, pET-20b(+). The Cu/Zn SOD was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by His-tag technique. Two active forms of the enzyme (30% dimer and 70% monomer) in equilibrium were observed. The activity of the dimeric enzyme was higher than that of the monomeric form. The thermal inactivation rate constant K(d) values calculated for the dimer and monomer at 90 degrees C were -0.0203 and -0.0216 min(-1), and the half-lives for inactivation were 41.9 and 31.8 min, respectively. This indicated that the dimeric enzyme was more stable than its monomeric form. The dimerization of the enzyme was inhibited under acidic pH (below 3.0) or imidazole buffer (above 0.5 M), whereas it was not affected under alkaline pH (above 9.0). Both activity and forms of the enzyme were not affected by 1-4% SDS. Furthermore, the dimeric enzyme was much more resistant to proteolytic attack after 3 h of incubation at 37 degrees C with trypsin or chymotrypsin. In addition, mutation of the papaya Cu/Zn SOD at position 48 from Leu to Phe (L48F) affected the association of monomer, whereas a mutant with Lys substitution (L48K) at the same position tended to dissociate into monomeric form.     

Expression and characterization of sweet potato invertase in Pichia pastoris

An invertase cDNA (Ibbetafruct1) was cloned from sweet potato leaves and characterized. The deduced amino acid sequence of the Ibbetafruct1-encoded protein was closely related to vacuolar invertases and included the WECVD catalytic domain characteristic of them. An expression plasmid containing the coding region of Ibbetafruct1 under the control of the alcohol oxidase promoter was used to transform the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. The biochemical properties for the expressed recombinant enzyme, which was determined to be the acid beta-fructofuranosidase with an acidic pI value (5.1), were similar to those of vacuolar invertases purified from sweet potato. Periodic acid/Schiff staining and Con A-Sepharose gel-binding experiments revealed the recombinant invertase to be a glycoprotein containing glucose and/or mannose residues. Furthermore, the carbohydrate moiety appears to be a key determinant of the enzyme's sucrose hydrolysis activity, substrate affinity, and thermal stability.     

沪油15中两个AP2/ERF-B1亚族转录因子的克隆与分析

利用油菜EST数据库,以拟南芥ERF-B1亚族转录因子序列为探针,电子克隆拼接得到2个cDNA序列（BnaERFB1-1和BnaERFB1-2）,通过PCR和RT-PCR方法分别从甘蓝型油菜沪油15的DNA和cDNA中克隆了上述基因。克隆转录因子BnaERFB1-1-Hy15和BnaERFB1-2-Hy15与电子克隆的序列差异很小,分别只有2个和6个氨基酸位点不同,且都没有内含子。从cDNA序列、氨基酸序列的相似性、组成成分、理化性质、疏水性/亲水性、进化树、序列比对、功能域、二级和三级结构等方面进行了分析,结果显示,BnaERFB1-1-Hy15和BnaERFB1-2-Hy15转录因子属于AP2/ERF家族中的ERF-B1亚族,是亲水性蛋白,在蛋白质的三级结构上与拟南芥atERF7相似。EST丰度分析显示,BnaERFB1-1的表达主要集中在种子中,而BnaERFB1-2的表达则主要集中在分生组织中。     

Purification, characterization, and cDNA cloning of a myofibril-bound serine proteinase from the skeletal muscle of crucian carp (Carassius auratus)

A myofibril-bound serine proteinase (MBSP) was highly purified from the skeletal muscle of crucian carp (Carasius auratus) by acidic treatment of myofibril solution and chromatographies on Q-Sepharose and benzamidine-Sepharose 6B. MBSP revealed a main protein band of approximately 28 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and was particularly inhibited by serine proteinase inhibitors. Substrate-specificity analysis revealed that the enzyme specifically cleaved at the carboxyl side of arginine and lysine residues, suggesting the characteristics of a trypsin-type serine proteinase. MBSP gene was cloned on the basis of the N-terminal sequence and the conserved active site peptide of serine proteinases together with 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5'-RACE) and 3'-RACE. The coding region gave an amino acid sequence of 242 residues including the initiation methionine and a signal peptide of 20 residues. Amino acid residues of His60, Asp106, and Ser196 consisting of the catalytic triad of serine proteinases were conserved in the sequence. Crucian carp MBSP shared relatively high identities with other serine proteinases, especially in well-conserved regions.     

诸葛菜OvCYP86MF基因的克隆及其特性分析

为进一步阐明细胞色素P450基因CYP86MF在诸葛菜发育中的分子机理,本文根据已知同源基因保守序列设计特异引物,利用RT-PCR和RACE技术从诸葛菜中获得一个细胞色素P450基因(OvCYP86MF)全长cDNA序列,该序列全长为1876bp,含有1605bp的完整开放阅读框,可编码534个氨基酸,分子量和等电点分别为61.4kDa和6.90,具有细胞色素P450蛋白的典型特征,即保守结构域FNAGPRLCIG;原核表达显示该基因的融合蛋白在体外可以诱导表达;DANSTAR和Clustal W软件分析表明该基因的全长cDNA序列及其编码氨基酸序列与十字花科物种拟南芥相似性很高,达到80%以上,亲缘关系最近;与CYP86C亚家族成员在氨基酸水平上的相似性均高于50%,因此推断该基因属于CYP86C这个亚家族。Northern杂交分析表明该基因在花蕾中特异表达。     

早酥梨病程相关基因非表达子1基因（NPR1）克隆及原核表达

本研究以成年早酥梨(Pyrus bretschneideri cv.Zaosu)叶片为材料,通过RT-PCR克隆早酥梨病程相关基因非表达子1基因(NPR1)并获得其全长序列1771 bp,开放阅读框为1761 bp,编码586个氨基酸(GenBank登录号:FJ769372).利用NCBI/Blastp和ClustalX软件进行相似性分析表明,目的基因编码蛋白质序列与日本梨(p.pyrifolia)、秋子梨(P.ussuriensis)、苹果(Malus xdomestica)、烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)和拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)的NPR1蛋白相似性分别为99%、98%、98%、67%和59%.将其连接pGEX-4T-1原核表达载体并转化大肠杆菌(EScherichia coli)BL21,经IPTG诱导表达获得大小约为91 kD的目的融合蛋白,融合蛋白主要以包涵体形式表达,表达量约占总蛋白17%.     

小麦TaKu70和TaKu80基因的克隆和分析

Ku蛋白与动植物细胞DNA损伤修复和辐射敏感性有着密切联系,其功能及表达正常与否,关系到细胞DNA双链断裂（DSBs）的修复能力。为了研究Ku蛋白在小麦DNA损伤修复和对辐射敏感性中的作用,本实验室克隆了完整的小麦Ku70和Ku80 cDNA 序列,分别命名为TaKu70和TaKu80。小麦TaKu70和TaKu80分别编码626个和706个氨基酸残基的Ku70/Ku80蛋白序列。多重序列分析表明小麦Ku70蛋白与水稻和拟南芥Ku70蛋白的同源性分别为94%和78%;小麦Ku80蛋白与水稻和拟南芥Ku80蛋白的同源性分别为85%和69%。结构域和功能分析表明小麦Ku70/Ku80蛋白含有Ku蛋白的核心组分——Ku70/ Ku80-core结构域,以及只有真核生物Ku蛋白才有的vWA 结构域。     

牦牛MT-I/Ⅲ基因cDNA 3′末端全长的克隆与序列分析

摘 要：分别利用基因特异引物YMT-ⅠSP、YMT-ⅢSP和M13 引物，通过RT-PCR和3′-RACE 方法从牦牛肝脏和大脑组织RNA中分别扩增并克隆出了牦牛MT-I / Ⅲ cDNA 3′ 端全长序列（分别为331bp和378bp），其中分别包含MT-I基因编码区全长（183bp）、MT-Ⅲ基因编码区全长（207bp），同时在MT-I / Ⅲ基因cDNA的3′ 末端具有加尾信号AATAAA和多聚腺苷酸尾巴Poly（A）。将牦牛MT-I / Ⅲ cDNA序列在CBI上进行同源性搜索发现，牦牛MT-I/Ⅲ核酸序列特别是其编码区序列在不同哺乳动物中相当保守。牦牛MT-I基因编码的MT-I蛋白由61个氨基酸组成，其中20个半胱氨酸(Cys)，具有保守的三肽结构如：C-X-C，C-C-X-C-C，C-X-X-C等，在分子进化上十分保守；MT-Ⅲ编码的蛋白质由68个氨基酸组成，其中19个Cys，除了具有与MT-Ⅰ相同的以上保守的短肽结构外，牦牛MT-Ⅲ蛋白质的氨基酸序列还具有T、CPCP、GEGAEA等MT-Ⅲ蛋白质特异的保守短肽结构结构，在分子进化上亦很保守。     

杨梅铜锌超氧化物歧化酶基因（MrCu／Zn-SOD1）的原核表达及活性鉴定

为获得高表达杨梅（Morellarubra）铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（MrCu／Zn-SOD1）的工程菌,本实验采用RT-PCR技术从杨梅果实中分离扩增了MrCu／Zn．SOD1的cDNA序列（456bp）,将该基因重组到原核表达载体pGEX-2T中,酶切、测序分析表明,重组质粒pGEX-MrCu/Zn-SOD1结构正确。重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）进行诱导表达。IPTG诱导表达分子量约41kD融合蛋白GST．MrCu／Zn．SOD1。诱导表达后的菌体超声裂解液经谷胱甘肽亲和层析纯化,得到高纯度的GST—MrCu／Zn—SOD1。采用氯化硝基四氮唑蓝法和黄嘌呤氧化法分析其活性。结果表明,GST-MrCu／Zn-SOD1具有特异性SOD酶活性。     

Role of the C-terminal domain of Thermus thermophilus trehalose synthase in the thermophilicity, thermostability, and efficient production of trehalose

Trehalose synthase (TS) from Thermus thermophilus (TtTS) is a thermostable enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of maltose into trehalose by intramolecular transglucosylation. It has a relatively higher thermophilicity and thermostability and a better conversion ratio for trehalose production than other known TSs from different sources at present. By amino acid sequences and the schematic motif alignment of trehalose synthase-related enzymes, it was found that TtTS (965 amino acid residues) contains a particular C-terminal fragment that is not found in most other TSs. To verify the function of this fragment, C-terminal deletion and enzyme fusion were respectively performed to explain the important role this fragment plays in the formation of trehalose. First, the C terminus (TtTSDeltaN, 415 amino acid residues) of TtTS is deleted to construct a TtTSDeltaC containing 550 amino acids. Furthermore, a novel cold-active TS was cloned and purified from Deinococcus radiodurans (DrTS, 552 amino acid residues) and then a fusion protein was created with TtTSDeltaN at the C terminus of DrTS (DrTS-TtTSDeltaN). It was found that the recombinant TtTStriangle upC enzyme had a lower thermostability and a higher byproduct than TtTS in catalyzing the conversion of maltose into trehalose. On the other hand, the recombinant DrTS-TtTSDeltaN enzyme had a higher thermostability and a lower byproduct than DrTS in their reactions. The above-mentioned results allowed the inference that the C terminus of TtTS plays a key role in maintaining its thermostability and hence in modulating the side reaction to reduce glucose production at a high temperature. A new, simple, and fast method to improve thermophilicity by fusing this fragment with particular conformation to a thermolabile enzyme is offered.     

天祝白牦牛SRY基因克隆与原核表达

从天祝白牦牛的基因组DNA中扩增了SRY（Sex-determining Region on the Y Chromosome，SRY）基因编码区序列，将其克隆至pGEM-T easy载体并送至生物公司测序，天祝白牦牛SRY基因编码区长687 bp，编码229个氨基酸；对牦牛和奶牛的SRY基因编码区进行序列比对，发现存在2个碱基的变异，造成1个氨基酸的变异；将牦牛SRY基因编码区连接至pET-28a(+)载体，成功构建了表达载体pET-28a/SRY；把表达载体pET-28a/SRY转入大肠杆菌E.coli BL21（DE3）中，在合适的条件下诱导该大肠杆菌，SRY蛋白得到了大量表达；对表达产物进行了Western-blot检测，进一步确定牦牛SRY蛋白得到表达。