试论沈阳市水稻收获工艺及机具选型

概述了沈阳市水稻收获工艺和现状，分析了国内外水稻机械化收获的发展，介绍了国内外新型联合收割机，阐明了适合沈阳市水稻生产的收获工艺和联合收缩机选型方案。     

4LZ-8型自走式纵轴流谷物（玉米）联合收获机

针对我国西北、东北地区小麦、水稻以及单季种植玉米子粒收获的需求,设计了4LZ-8型自走式纵轴流谷物（玉米）联合收割机。该文概述了4LZ-8型自走式纵轴流谷物（玉米）联合收割机的技术特点和发展方向,并对国内外联合收割机现有技术情况进行了分析。      

水稻联合收割机的现状及发展趋势分析

随着科学技术水平的不断进步,机械设备在农业领域的应用对农业生产发展起到了极大的推动作用,奠定了现代农业发展的基础。近年来,我国对水稻联合收割机的重视程度越来越高,科研机构不断实现联合收割机的技术创新,不过,一些地区在实际应用联合收割机的过程中仍然不能很好地掌握技巧,对水稻收割工作产生了一定的影响。文章就我国水稻联合收割机发展的现状以及趋势进行了探讨。     

国内水稻联合收割机发展历程及趋势

概述了我国水稻联合收割机的发展历程,结合我国水稻联合收割机的技术现状和作业需求,展望了未来我国水稻联合收割机的发展方向,为我国水稻联合收割机的研发提供参考。     

击打脱粒式与梳刷脱粒式联合收割机的比较

0引言 水稻联合收割机发展至今有几十年的历史,各种相应技术已经比较成熟,以欧美技术为代表的全喂入水稻联合收割机和以日本技术为代表的半喂入水稻联合收割机代表联合收割机发展的两大流派,各领风骚。 水稻联合收割机按稻穗进入脱粒机的方式可分为全喂入和半喂入水稻联合收割机;按脱粒方式可简单分为击打脱粒式与梳刷脱粒式联合收割机。     

对水稻联收机安全管理的思考

近年来,广西水稻收割机械发展迅猛,到2007年止,全区水稻收割机拥有量近5000台,其中象州县363台,2008年全区计划补贴购置水稻联合收割机5000台。水稻联合收割机的推广和应用,对促进农村经济的发展,增加农民收入发挥了巨大作用。然而,水稻联合收割机的安全管理,却成了农机安全生产中新的突出的问题。因此,探讨如何加强水稻联合收割机的安全管理,全面实现农机安全生产,推动农机化的发展具有十分重要的意义。     

关于南陵县水稻联合收割机快速发展的思考

通过对南陵县水稻联合收割机发展情况的介绍,论述了水稻联合收割机快速发展的必要性和重要性,提出了南陵县发展水稻联合收割机方面现有的问题及建议。     

水稻联合收割机发展前景展望

通过对国内水稻联合收割机研发应用情况的调研,指出水稻联合收割机发展前景广阔,对国内的收获机械化发展提出一些建设性意见。     

半喂入式水稻联合收割机结构特点及存在问题

<正>农机发[2011]2号《农业部关于加快推进水稻生产机械化的意见》指出,到"十二五"末,全国水稻收获机械化水平将达到80%。农业部要求将推进水稻生产机械化摆在重要位置,加大了对水稻收割机的补贴力度。这对于我国水稻联合收割机的发展具有极为重要的意义。目前,我国水稻联合收割机按照喂入量可分为半喂入式和全喂入式两种,全喂入方式一般是小麦联合收割机调整后兼收水稻;专用的水稻联合收割机多采用半喂     

水稻收获机的正确操作和使用

<正>近几年,随着农业机械购置补贴政策的实施,促使我市水稻收获机械保有量持续增长,尤其是联合收割机取得了跨越式的发展和突破。为了适应联合收割机的快速发展对农业机械化技术提出了更高的要求。现将联合收割机的正确操作和使用进行一下简单的说明与论述。现阶段我市的水稻收割机主要有履带自走式全喂入联合收割机和半喂入水稻联合收割机两种。联合收割机一般由割台系统、脱谷系统、动力传动系统、行走系统、液压系统、电气系统、操作系统等部分组成。要想熟     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。