藏药熏倒牛活性成分研究进展

文章运用文献分析方法,综述了藏药熏倒牛主要活性成分及含量的研究进展,结果显示,国内外研究者从藏药熏倒牛中已分离鉴定出黄酮类、苯丙素类等7类化合物105种,其中主要活性物质有β-石竹烯、甘香稀、β-榄香酮、2-(3′,4′-dihydroxy-phenyl)-1,3-benzodioxole-5-aldehyde、木犀草素、伞形花内酯-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素、伞形花内酯、山羊豆碱、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、5,7,3′-三羟基-8,4′,5′三甲氧基黄酮、木犀草素-7-葡萄糖苷、β-谷甾醇等13种。研究者通过MCI柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、HPLC分离等技术,测定了伞形花内酯-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、2-(3′,4′-dihydroxy-phenyl)-1,3-benzodioxole-5-aldehyde、β-石竹烯、木犀草素等10种主要活性物质的含量。截止目前,藏药熏倒牛药材化学质量控制标准尚未建立,对具体靶向活性成分及药理作用有待进一步深入研究。     

仿生油菜蜂花粉化学成分研究

采用柱色谱分离纯化技术,从仿生油菜蜂花粉经微波提取后的乙醇提取物中分离纯化鉴定出12个化合物。经UV,IR,MS和NMR鉴定为豆甾醇(stigmasterol)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitost-erol)、胡萝卜苷(daucosterol)、十六烷酸(palmitic acid)、癸烷(decane)、亚油酸(linoeic acid)、芦丁(Rutin)、槲皮素(quercetin)、木犀草素(luteolin)、山奈酚(kaempferol)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖(2-1)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(kaemferol-3-O-β-D-glucosyl-(2-1)-β-D-glucoside)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖(2→1)-β-D-葡萄糖苷/quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucosyl-(2-1)-β-D-glucoside。其中从仿生油菜蜂花粉分离鉴定出的各化合物与从油菜蜂花粉中分离得到的基本相同。     

液质联用分析黄毛耳草中的黄酮类化合物

黄毛耳草是民间常见的一种草药,其所含化合物主要有环烯醚萜类、三萜类、黄酮类、甾醇类、糖苷类等几种类型.该试验采用LC-MC方法对黄毛耳中黄酮类化合物进行分析,鉴定出了芦丁和异鼠李素-3-0-[6-O-α-L-(鼠李糖基)]-β-D-葡萄糖苷2种化合物.     

桑叶次生代谢产物分析

通过色谱分离与波谱鉴定,对桑叶次生代谢产物进行了研究。分离并鉴定了10个化合物:5,7-二羟基香豆素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5,7-d ihydroxycoum arin-7-O--βD-glucopyranoside,1);5,2,′4′-三羟基黄酮-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5,2,′4-′trihydroxyflavone-7-O--βD-glucopyranoside,2);东莨菪苷(scopolin,3);丁二酸(butaned ioic,4);3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(3,4-d ihydroxybenzoic ac id,5);山柰酚-3-O-(6″-O-2-丁烯酰)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷[kaempferol-3-O-(6″-O-2-butenoyl)--βD-glucopyranoside,6];山柰酚-3,7-二-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(kaempferol-3,7-d i-O--βD-glucopyr-anoside,7);尿嘧啶(urid ine,8);胸腺嘧啶(thym ine,9);D-半乳糖醇(D-galactitol,10)。其中化合物5-10为首次从桑属植物中分离得到;化合物2为新天然产物;化合物1为新化合物。     

改良清肺颗粒的稳定性研究

为研究改良清肺颗粒的稳定性,试验采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）定量检测清肺颗粒中葶苈子中槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖-7-O-β-D-龙胆双糖苷含量并使用薄层色谱法（TLC）鉴别。分别通过影响因素试验、加速试验、长期稳定性试验来考察清肺颗粒在光照、高温及高湿条件下的稳定性。试验结果表明：湿度是影响改良清肺颗粒的主要因素,高湿度环境导致改良清肺颗粒颜色加深,放置10 d后水分提高19.37%(P <0.01),粒度降低9.3%(P <0.05),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖-7-O-β-D-龙胆双糖苷含量降低3%(P <0.05)。在加速试验与长期稳定性试验中,改良清肺颗粒的性状、水分含量、粒度、溶化性和槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖-7-O-β-D-龙胆双糖苷含量变化不显著。综上所述,改良清肺颗粒稳定性良好,于室温保存12个月各项指标均符合《中国兽药典》稳定性规定。     

不同提取工艺对清肺散有效成分提取效率的影响

为筛选清肺散的理想提取方法,试验采用生物发酵法、酶提法和水煎法三种中药提取工艺,以(R,S)-告依春、甘草苷、甘草酸铵和槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖-7-O-β-D-龙胆双糖苷为考核指标,应用液相色谱法测定不同方法提取清肺散有效活性成分的效果.结果 显示,在相同物理条件下,生物发酵法对清肺散有效成分提取量分别均高于纤...     

高效液相色谱法测定福寿胶囊的含量

本文采用高校液相测定了福寿胶囊中2,3,5,4’-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的含量,固定相为：YMCC18色谱柱(4.6*250*5μm),乙腈一水(15：85)为流动相,检测波长为322nm;2,3,5,4’-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷在4~32μg·mL-1范围内呈良好的线性关系。2,3,5,4’-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的平均回收率为99.3%。本方法是一种简便、准确,可用于福寿胶囊含量的测定。     

双氢杨梅树皮素对肉鸡生长性能及屠宰性能的影响

7日龄肉仔鸡480只,随机等分成4组,每组3个重复,分别给予0、50、100、200mg/kg的双氢杨梅树皮素,研究其对肉鸡生长性能及屠宰性能的影响.结果表明,双氢杨梅树皮素添加量为100mg/kg时的肉鸡生长及屠宰性能最佳,其增重速度比对照组提高8.78%(P＞0.05),死亡率比对照组降低33.3%,胸肌率比对照组提高19.05%(P＜0.05),腿肌率比对照组提高11.36%(P＞0.05),但是脾脏指数下降55.14%(P＜0.05).     

杭菊花中黄酮苷的研究

菊花按产地和加工方法不同有四种规格，经过试验发现木犀草素-7-O-β—D-葡萄糖苷（luteolin-7—O-β—D—glucoside）是它们共有的有效化学成分。本试验从杭菊花片的95％乙醇提取轴中，经萃取、硅胶柱层析和葡聚糖凝胶柱层析，分离得到一个单体化合物．经显色等化学反应鉴定为黄酮苷类化合物，经红外、紫外、植磁共振光谱分析鉴定其为木犀草素-7—O-β—D-葡萄糖苷。     

大豆异黄酮在畜牧上的研究与应用

异黄酮(Isoflavone)广泛存在于豆科植物以及豆类发酵产物丹贝、牧草、谷物和葛根等中,种类繁多,目前已知的有10多种,包括大豆甙(Daidzin)、大豆甙元(Daidzein)、染料木素甙元(Genistein)、谷甾醇(β-sitoaterol)、花生酸(Arachidicacid)、6-甲氧大豆素(Glycitein)、鸡豆黄素A(B     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.