Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in a dog

A 9-year-old spayed female dog diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma and hypertrophic osteopathy was negative for additional lesions on computed tomography of the thorax and abdomen. Resection of the affected liver lobe resulted in resolution of clinical signs. This is the first case of hypertrophic osteopathy secondary to hepatocellular carcinoma.     

Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with pulmonary adenosquamous carcinoma in a dog

A six-year-old intact female Maltese dog weighing 3.8 kg presented with a history of mild lameness and swelling on both forelimbs. Radiographic and computed tomographic views revealed an extensive periosteal reaction in all four limbs and a large round mass on the right middle lung lobe. A total lobectomy was performed and pulmonary adenosquamous carcinoma was histologically confirmed. A diagnosis of hypertrophic osteopathy (HO) secondary to a lung tumor was made. Periosteal proliferation decreased significantly after surgery; however, there was evidence of dyspnea, mass recurrence, and periosteal reaction three months post-operatively. This is the first case report of pulmonary adenosquamous carcinoma with HO in a dog in which we describe clinical, imaging, surgical, and histological findings.     

Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with pulmonary Eikenella corrodens infection in a dog

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 4-year-old English Pointer was examined because of chronic, progressive signs of pulmonary disease and failure to respond to medical treatment. CLINICAL FINDINGS: At examination, radiography of the thorax revealed increased pulmonary opacity and air bronchograms in the right caudal lung lobe, and radiography of the forelimbs revealed periosteal bone production typical of hypertrophic osteopathy. Attempts to isolate a causative organism included bacterial culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and a lung tissue specimen obtained via fine-needle aspiration. Despite a cytologic diagnosis of septic suppurative inflammation in the lavage fluid, those specimens did not yield bacterial growth. However, a biopsy specimen obtained during a lung lobectomy procedure yielded growth of Eikenella corrodens. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Despite successful surgical removal of the consolidated lung lobe and initiation of antimicrobial treatment, the dog died 6 days after surgery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The authors are not aware of reports of pulmonary infection with E. corrodens in animals. Infection with the organism is rare, but it is possible that infections are underreported given that the organism is difficult to culture and biopsy may be necessary to obtain enough tissue to yield a diagnosis.     

Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with renal pelvis transitional cell carcinoma in a dog

A 6-year-old male, Belgian shepherd dog was presented with lethargy, oliguria, hematuria, and reluctance to move. The dog developed hypertrophic osteopathy secondary to renal pelvis transitional cell carcinoma. A nephrectomy was performed and after a year, the dog was completely asymptomatic, and no evidence of metastatic disease was present.     

Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with infective endocarditis in an adult boxer dog

A 20-month-old, entire male boxer dog was presented with lethargy and intermittent shifting limb lameness. Diagnostic tests revealed aortic valve vegetations suggestive of infective endocarditis causing severe aortic outflow obstruction, and hypertrophic osteopathy of all four limbs. The dog was treated symptomatically and euthanased four days later. The association of infective endocarditis and hypertrophic osteopathy has been poorly documented in the veterinary literature. The pathogenesis of hypertrophic osteopathy is unknown; however, four theories have been put forth to explain this disease: pulmonary shunting, vagal nerve stimulation, humoral substances produced by neoplastic cells and megakaryocyte/platelet clump hypothesis.     

Hypertrophic osteopathy in a dog with a chronic lung abscess

A 2-year-old dog was examined because of gradual lameness of all 4 limbs and weight loss. Hypertrophic osteopathy was diagnosed. Radiography revealed a mass in the caudal lobe of the right lung. At necropsy, the mass was determined to be a chronic abscess. Corynebacterium pyogenes was cultured from the lesion. Although hypertrophic osteopathy in dogs is commonly associated with a thoracic lesion, most often neoplastic, the chronic lung abscess in this dog might have been formed as a result of a paralaryngeal abscess that was treated 3 months before the onset of the lameness.     

Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with disseminated metastases of renal cell carcinoma in the dog: a case report

A 6-year-old, mixed breed, intact male dog showed signs of left carpal joint swelling and weakness of the forelimbs one month before presentation. The symptoms gradually progressed to bilateral carpal and tarsal joint swelling and tetraparalysis. There were a number of radiographically identified lytic-proliferative bone lesions noted on the axial skeleton. Hypertrophic osteopathy of the metacarpi and all distal long bones was also evident. Because of the deteriorating quality of life and guarded prognosis, the patient was euthanized and a complete necropsy was performed. Renal cell carcinoma, with metastasis to the lung, thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and the right adrenal gland, was diagnosed. To our knowledge, renal cell carcinoma with bone metastases and hypertrophic osteopathy has not been reported in dogs.     

Hypertrophic osteopathy in a pony with a pituitary adenoma

Hypertrophic osteopathy was diagnosed in a pony that had no antemortem or postmortem evidence of an intrathoracic lesion. With a history of hirsutism in an aged pony, a pituitary adenoma was suspected, and evaluation of plasma cortisol and insulin values and their response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone supported the diagnosis.     

Intracardiac foreign body in a dog

A dog that was referred to the University of Florida Veterinary Medical Center was discovered to have a bamboo skewer within the right atrium and right ventricle, traversing the tricuspid valve. The skewer was ingested approximately four months prior to referral and was partially removed via gastrotomy. The presenting complaint at the time of referral included coagulopathy, anemia and leukocytosis. A linear, hyperechoic structure was identified in the right heart during an echocardiogram. The foreign body was suspected to be a portion of the skewer that the patient had previously ingested. Cardiopulmonary bypass was performed and the foreign body was removed successfully. Complications following surgery included the development of tricuspid valve and ventricular wall thrombi, atrial flutter and amiodarone toxicity. Many indications have been described in the veterinary literature for cardiopulmonary bypass. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, successful removal of an intracardiac foreign body with cardiopulmonary bypass has not been reported in a veterinary patient. This represents a new indication for cardiopulmonary bypass in veterinary medicine.     

A bronchial foreign body in a chimpanzee

The paper reports a bronchial foreign body with unusual clinical signs in a chimpanzee. The illness lasted some months and was manifested by malaise, reduced appetite, loss in body weight and a spontaneous abortion. Routine auscultation and radiography could not be performed initially because of the size and disposition of the animal but chest radiography was later carried out under general anaesthesia and revealed a foreign body which was extracted through a bronchoscope from the right main bronchus. Methods of anaesthesia suitable for bronchoscopy are discussed but the Venturi technique using a jet air injector seems to be the method of choice.     

Nasopharyngeal tooth foreign body in a dog

An 8-year-old Shih-tzu dog was presented with a 2-week history of cough and nasal discharge. Upon presentation, the dog had constant open-mouth breathing with stertor and blood-tinged mucopurulent nasal discharge. Oral examination revealed a missing right mandibular second premolar tooth and severe periodontal disease. Computed tomography showed a radiodense, retropharyngeal foreign body. The foreign body was removed using caudal rhinoscopy. The foreign body was the right mandibular second premolar covered by thick calculus.