海南豇豆蓟马发生为害调查及蓝板监测技术研究

系统调查了海南豇豆蓟马的种类和发生为害情况。结果表明,为害海南豇豆的主要有豆大蓟马和花蓟马两种。其中,豆大蓟马可在豇豆整个生育期为害,而花蓟马仅在豇豆花期为害。豇豆开花后,两种蓟马的发生为害情况与作物布局和种植结构以及防治水平密切相关。但总体而言,以豆大蓟马为害为主。同时,还对蓟马在豇豆上的种群消长动态进行了监测,初步分析了其在自然条件下的种群消长规律。     

防治西花蓟马药剂筛选试验

测定6种药剂在田问对西花蓟马防治效果，结果表明：2．5％菜喜悬浮剂、48％乐斯本乳油和0．3％印楝素乳油处理在施药3天后防效分别达到88．8％、86．0％和90．0％，7天后3种药剂防效为89．1％，91．0％；在大区试验中，筛选出的3种药剂对西花蓟马也有很好的防治效果，表明可以作为蔬菜上西花蓟马重发生时的应急防治药剂。     

温度对西花蓟马、花蓟马存活和繁殖的影响

在室内研究了19、22、25、28和31℃条件下两种蓟马在辣椒上的存活率、成虫寿命、繁殖力及生命参数,以揭示温度对入侵害虫西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis和本地害虫花蓟马Frankliniellaintonsa的影响。结果显示,在19～31℃范围内两种蓟马雌、雄成虫寿命均随温度的升高而缩短,内禀增长率随温度的升高而增大,西花蓟马和花蓟马皆是在31℃时最高,分别为0.1347和0.1822。两种蓟马的种群趋势指数及净增殖率与温度之间呈曲线关系。在相同温度条件下,西花蓟马在各温度下的存活率高于花蓟马,但内禀增长率低于花蓟马。西花蓟马的繁殖力、种群趋势指数及净增值率在22℃时最高,花蓟马在25℃时最高。两种蓟马对温度的适应能力不同,22℃是西花蓟马的最适温度,而25℃更适合于花蓟马。     

外来有害入侵生物--西花蓟马

西花蓟马原产于北美洲，自上个世纪80年代以来已扩散到许多国家，并对经济作物造成了严重危害。西花蓟马生活周期短，种群繁殖速度快，有转寄主能力，气候适宜性强。本文对西花蓟马的起源与分布、危害、生物学特性、防治措施等进行了概述。     

利用胡瓜钝绥螨防治西花蓟马研究进展

胡瓜钝绥螨是西花蓟马的捕食性天敌,对西花蓟马有明显的控制作用。本文总结了胡瓜钝绥螨的生物学特性、捕食效率及控制西花蓟马效果等方面的研究进展。     

PCR法鉴定西花蓟马

根据mtDNACOI基因的部分序列，设计出两对西花蓟马特异性引物，建立起西花蓟马的PCR鉴定方法。本方法适用于西花蓟马的成虫、若虫及蛹的快速检疫鉴定。     

西藏发现重要外来入侵害虫——西花蓟马

西花蓟马是一种世界性的重要害虫,中国大陆地区2003年首次在北京发现并报道.作者对拉萨市区及堆龙德庆县蔬菜上采集到的蓟马进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定,证明此种蓟马为西花蓟马,这是西花蓟马在西藏发生的首次报道.     

云南石榴蓟马种类组成及其种群动态

2007-2008年对云南甜石榴和酸石榴两种石榴上蓟马种类及其种群动态进行了系统调查、标本采集、种类鉴定。结果表明,为害石榴的蓟马有10种,分别为西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)、丽花蓟马(F.intonsa)、黄蓟马(Thripsflavus)、黄胸蓟马(T.hawaiiensis)、棕榈蓟马(T.palmi)、烟蓟马(T.tabaci)、茶黄硬蓟马(Scirto-thrips dorsalis)、端大蓟马(Megalurothrips distalis)、华简管蓟马(Haplothrips chinensis)和Thripssp.,其中西花蓟马是云南石榴蓟马的优势种。不同石榴品种上蓟马种类不同,甜石榴上有西花蓟马、丽花蓟马、黄蓟马、棕榈蓟马、烟蓟马、黄胸蓟马、端大蓟马、茶黄硬蓟马和蓟马属1种,酸石榴上蓟马种类有西花蓟马、丽花蓟马、黄蓟马、棕榈蓟马、烟蓟马、端大蓟马、茶黄硬蓟马、华简管蓟马和蓟马属1种,黄胸蓟马仅在甜石榴上发生为害。在石榴不同生育时期,发生为害不同,其中成虫和若虫集中为害花,造成麻点特征。     

西花蓟马与烟蓟马在紫甘蓝上的实验种群生命表

为明确外来入侵害虫西花蓟马与本地物种烟蓟马的发育和繁殖的区别,在25℃恒温条件下,组建了西花蓟马与烟蓟马在紫甘蓝上的实验种群生命表。结果显示,西花蓟马在紫甘蓝上的未成熟期为11.55天,显著低于烟蓟马;西花蓟马两性生殖时,雌成虫平均寿命为32.06天,单雌产卵量为125.19粒,孤雌生殖时,雌成虫平均寿命可达43.33天,单雌产卵量上升到246.40粒,而烟蓟马雌成虫平均寿命仅为23.44天,终生可产卵186.06粒;西花蓟马取食紫甘蓝的内禀增长率为0.1543,低于烟蓟马的0.1872;西花蓟马的种群增长趋势指数为72.2456,而烟蓟马为126.2272;西花蓟马在紫甘蓝上的稳定年龄组配中未成熟期所占的比例低于烟蓟马,而成虫期所占的比例相对较高。     

西花蓟马在不同辣椒品种上的实验种群生命表

为探讨西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis在不同辣椒品种上的发生及为害规律,以5个辣椒品种作为试验材料,组建西花蓟马种群生命表。结果表明,从西花蓟马各个虫态的发育历期来看,‘杭椒五号’和‘太空辣’比较适合蓟马生长繁殖,其次为‘洋大帅’,‘娇龙’、‘74-82’最不适合西花蓟马生存。西花蓟马在5个品种上的存活曲线类型不同,在‘杭椒五号’上的存活曲线偏向A型;在‘洋大帅’、‘太空辣’品种上偏向B型;在‘娇龙’、‘74-82’品种上则偏向于C型。通过种群参数分析表明西花蓟马比较喜好取食‘洋大帅’、‘太空辣’、‘杭椒五号’3个品种,‘娇龙’和‘74-82’品种则不利于西花蓟马的生长繁殖。     

不同颜色色板对西花蓟马的诱集效果比较

实验调查了西花蓟马对天蓝、黄、褐、紫4种颜色色板的趋性,结果显示,蓝色单一颜色色板对西花蓟马的诱集力显著高于其他几种颜色.在颜色混配中,蓝:黄=5:1,诱集到的西花蓟马数量大于蓝色单一颜色色板.在大田中,可以用蓝色单一颜色色板或是蓝:黄=5:1搭配色对西花蓟马进行诱集.可用黄色单一颜色色板对西花蓟马的暴发做预测预报.     

The proportion of viruliferous individuals in field populations of Frankliniella occidentalis: Implications for tomato spotted wilt virus epidemics in tomato

Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) infected plants and western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Perg., WFT) adult population densities were monitored during 1993 and 1994 in field tomatoes in Northeastern Spain. The proportion of viruliferous WFT adults in field populations was quantified. A significant association has been found between early population densities of WFT adult thrips and final TSWV incidence for early transplanted tomato crops. In contrast, for late transplanted tomato crops, whereas similar high final disease incidences of TSWV could be attained, very low WFT adult population densities were always detected. The significantly higher infectious potential of WFT populations collected during the early growth stages of late transplanted tomatoes could be relevant for the TSWV incidences attained in spite of the low thrips numbers detected.     

室内药剂交替使用对西花蓟马抗药性发展的影响

分别单独使用毒死蜱、多杀菌素和两种农药交替使用连续处理西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)18代,采用浸渍法从第6至第18代每隔2世代测定3个汰选种群对毒死蜱和多杀菌素的敏感性.结果表明,毒死蜱和多杀菌素交替汰选种群比单一药剂连续汰选种群抗性上升趋势缓慢,F18代时交替使用汰选种群对毒死蜱和多杀菌素的抗性倍数分别为10.89倍和17.19倍,而毒死蜱单一汰选种群对毒死蜱的抗性倍数达到24.19倍,多杀菌素单一汰选种群对多杀菌素的抗性倍数达到20.78倍.因此,交替或轮换使用药剂可以延缓西花蓟马抗药性的发展.     

Comparative analyses of the toxic effects of imidacloprid and spirotetramat on Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), the vector of tomato zonate spot virus: a laboratory assay

The tomato zonate spot virus (TZSV) is responsible for substantial yield losses in vegetables, tobacco and other cash crops in China in recent years. The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera, Thripidae), is the main vector of TZSV in Yunnan Province. Because controlling the population of insect vectors is the most efficient way to prevent epidemics of viral diseases, we conducted laboratory assays to assess the potential of using spirotetramat as an alternative to imidacloprid in controlling F. occidentalis. Our results demonstrated that spirotetramat was significantly more lethal than imidacloprid to F. occidentalis at different concentrations. The LC₃₀, LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values of spirotetramat were all much lower than those of imidacloprid after the same time of treatment. Frankliniella occidentalis was more sensitive when treated with spirotetramat than imidacloprid at the concentrations of 500, 250, 125 and 62.5mg/L, and the median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) were 285.53, 82.24 and 11.19mg/L at 12, 36 and 72 hours after treatment, respectively. Spirotetramat caused 100% mortality of F. occidentalis at 500 and 250 mg/L after 48 hours treatment, and at the lowest concentration 125 mg/L at 72 hours after treatment, respectively. Field experiments carried out elsewhere have confirmed our findings. Together they allow us to conclude that spirotetramat is a promising pesticide for the control F. occidentalis in China.     

花粉和植物不同生长阶段对西花蓟马种群的影响

在凤仙花的Impulse Orange和Cajun Carmine品种上开展了花粉和植物不同生长阶段对西花蓟马种群的影响。结果表明:在植物未开花前,添加花粉和不添加花粉西花蓟马的种群数量差异显著,添加花粉能显著增加两个品种上西花蓟马的种群数量,其西花蓟马数量分别为174.50、43.67头,而未添加花粉时分别为138.33头和27.00头。在植物开花后,添加花粉对西花蓟马的种群数量虽有一定影响,但差异不显著。植物不同生长发育阶段对西花蓟马的种群数量影响很大,无论是添加花粉还是不添加花粉,在两个品种上均表现为开花后的数量显著大于开花前的数量,说明凤仙花植物本身的花对西花蓟马种群的迅速增长影响很大。     

Evaluation of medium treatments for management of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thripidae: Thysanoptera) and Bradysia coprophila (Diptera: Sciaridae)

Two greenhouse experiments, each comprising two trials, were conducted to evaluate medium drenches of insect growth regulators and conventional insecticides to reduce emergence of adult western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), and fungus gnats, Bradysia coprophila (Lintner) from the medium. In the insect growth regulator trials, diflubenzuron and pyriproxyfen provided the greatest reduction in thrips emergence, and fenoxycarb, pyriproxyfen and azadirachtin resulted in the most significant reduction of fungus gnat emergence. Treatments with the contact insecticides, methiocarb and chlorpyrifos, resulted in the greatest reduction of thrips and fungus gnat populations. These data suggest that fungus gnats are susceptible to many compounds used in commercial greenhouse production. Even though medium drenches are not currently used for thrips management, drenches with diflubenzuron, pyriproxyfen, methiocarb and chlorpyrifos could aid in reducing thrips populations in greenhouse management programs. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

北京地区发现番茄斑萎病毒

通过采用特异快速试纸条以及进一步的RT-PCR和序列测定证实,在北京局部地区的辣椒和茄子上已发生番茄斑萎病毒,这两种作物上同时发生的蓟马种类主要为西花蓟马,并且携带该病毒。番茄斑萎病毒病是极其危险的一种病害,可对作物造成毁灭性灾害。建议有关部门立即采取相应的预防与管理措施,防止其扩散蔓延。     

Insecticide resistance inFrankliniella occidentalis: Corroboration of laboratory assays with field data and cross-resistance in a cypermethrin-resistant strain

Field efficacy of five insecticides to a greenhouse strain ofFrankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) of known resistance status was studied. In a greenhouse trial, the mortality of aF. occidentalis strain (Uncali) which exhibited resistance only against cypermethrin in laboratory assays, reached 56%, 68%, 82%, 94% and 99%, 24 h after application of abamectin, cypermethrin, endosulfan, malathion and methomyl, respectively. In the laboratory, for larval mortality equal to that achieved in the field, much lower doses — half of the field dose of cypermethrin and endosulfan, and one-third and one-sixth of malathion and methomyl, respectively, were required in topical application. Because of differences between laboratory and field responses ofF. occidentalis to insecticides, a sound resistance evaluation program to determine field efficacy of insecticides is needed. Resistance increased 28.0- and 139.3-fold at LC₅₀ in theF. occidentalis strain subjected to 27 and 44 cycles of cypermethrin selection, respectively. A slight cross-resistance of two- to threefold was found with endosulfan, malathion and methomyl and no cross-resistance was observed with abamectin. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting August 4, 2008.     

Inheritance of resistance to acrinathrin in Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

BACKGROUND: The western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is an economically important pest. The genetic basis of acrinathrin resistance was investigated in WFT. RESULTS: The resistant strain, selected in the laboratory for acrinathrin resistance from a pool of thrips populations collected in Almeria (south-eastern Spain), showed a high resistance to acrinathrin (43-fold based on LC(50) values) compared with the laboratory susceptible strain. Mortality data from reciprocal crosses of resistant and susceptible thrips indicated that resistance was autosomal and not influenced by maternal effects. Analysis of probit lines from the parental strains and reciprocal crosses showed that resistance was expressed as a codominant trait. To determine the number of genes involved, a direct test of monogenic inheritance based on the backcrosses suggested that resistance to acrinathrin was probably controlled by one locus. Another approach, which was based on phenotypic variances, showed n(E), or the minimum number of freely segregating genetic factors for the resistant strain, to be 0.79. CONCLUSION: The results showed that acrinathrin resistance in WFT was autosomal and not influenced by maternal effects, and was expressed as a codominant trait, probably controlled by one locus.