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温度对西花蓟马、花蓟马存活和繁殖的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
在室内研究了19、22、25、28和31℃条件下两种蓟马在辣椒上的存活率、成虫寿命、繁殖力及生命参数,以揭示温度对入侵害虫西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis和本地害虫花蓟马Frankliniellaintonsa的影响。结果显示,在19~31℃范围内两种蓟马雌、雄成虫寿命均随温度的升高而缩短,内禀增长率随温度的升高而增大,西花蓟马和花蓟马皆是在31℃时最高,分别为0.1347和0.1822。两种蓟马的种群趋势指数及净增殖率与温度之间呈曲线关系。在相同温度条件下,西花蓟马在各温度下的存活率高于花蓟马,但内禀增长率低于花蓟马。西花蓟马的繁殖力、种群趋势指数及净增值率在22℃时最高,花蓟马在25℃时最高。两种蓟马对温度的适应能力不同,22℃是西花蓟马的最适温度,而25℃更适合于花蓟马。 相似文献
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云南石榴蓟马种类组成及其种群动态 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
2007-2008年对云南甜石榴和酸石榴两种石榴上蓟马种类及其种群动态进行了系统调查、标本采集、种类鉴定。结果表明,为害石榴的蓟马有10种,分别为西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)、丽花蓟马(F.intonsa)、黄蓟马(Thripsflavus)、黄胸蓟马(T.hawaiiensis)、棕榈蓟马(T.palmi)、烟蓟马(T.tabaci)、茶黄硬蓟马(Scirto-thrips dorsalis)、端大蓟马(Megalurothrips distalis)、华简管蓟马(Haplothrips chinensis)和Thripssp.,其中西花蓟马是云南石榴蓟马的优势种。不同石榴品种上蓟马种类不同,甜石榴上有西花蓟马、丽花蓟马、黄蓟马、棕榈蓟马、烟蓟马、黄胸蓟马、端大蓟马、茶黄硬蓟马和蓟马属1种,酸石榴上蓟马种类有西花蓟马、丽花蓟马、黄蓟马、棕榈蓟马、烟蓟马、端大蓟马、茶黄硬蓟马、华简管蓟马和蓟马属1种,黄胸蓟马仅在甜石榴上发生为害。在石榴不同生育时期,发生为害不同,其中成虫和若虫集中为害花,造成麻点特征。 相似文献
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西花蓟马与烟蓟马在紫甘蓝上的实验种群生命表 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
为明确外来入侵害虫西花蓟马与本地物种烟蓟马的发育和繁殖的区别,在25℃恒温条件下,组建了西花蓟马与烟蓟马在紫甘蓝上的实验种群生命表。结果显示,西花蓟马在紫甘蓝上的未成熟期为11.55天,显著低于烟蓟马;西花蓟马两性生殖时,雌成虫平均寿命为32.06天,单雌产卵量为125.19粒,孤雌生殖时,雌成虫平均寿命可达43.33天,单雌产卵量上升到246.40粒,而烟蓟马雌成虫平均寿命仅为23.44天,终生可产卵186.06粒;西花蓟马取食紫甘蓝的内禀增长率为0.1543,低于烟蓟马的0.1872;西花蓟马的种群增长趋势指数为72.2456,而烟蓟马为126.2272;西花蓟马在紫甘蓝上的稳定年龄组配中未成熟期所占的比例低于烟蓟马,而成虫期所占的比例相对较高。 相似文献
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西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)是一种世界性的入侵害虫,近年来传入我国并迅速扩散蔓延,持续监测广州市输入性花卉中蓟马的种类组成及种群动态,对西花蓟马的早期监测预警具有重要的意义。2011年4月-2013年7月对广州市岭南花卉市场玫瑰、百合、康乃馨三种输入性花卉的蓟马种类及种群动态进行系统调查,利用用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对蓟马若虫的表皮碳氢化合物进行分析。结果表明:广州地区输入性花卉上蓟马包括西花蓟马F.occidentalis、烟蓟马Thrips tabaci、花蓟马F.intonsa、黄蓟马T.flavidulus 4种,其中西花蓟马是蓟马优势种,而康乃馨是携带西花蓟马的主要花卉品种。西花蓟马在康乃馨上常年发生,成虫种群消长呈单峰型,高峰期在6-8月,冬季最少。此外,康乃馨上蓟马若虫的各色谱峰保留值与西花蓟马若虫的基本一致,比例为83.33%。 相似文献
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花粉和植物不同生长阶段对西花蓟马种群的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在凤仙花的Impulse Orange和Cajun Carmine品种上开展了花粉和植物不同生长阶段对西花蓟马种群的影响。结果表明:在植物未开花前,添加花粉和不添加花粉西花蓟马的种群数量差异显著,添加花粉能显著增加两个品种上西花蓟马的种群数量,其西花蓟马数量分别为174.50、43.67头,而未添加花粉时分别为138.33头和27.00头。在植物开花后,添加花粉对西花蓟马的种群数量虽有一定影响,但差异不显著。植物不同生长发育阶段对西花蓟马的种群数量影响很大,无论是添加花粉还是不添加花粉,在两个品种上均表现为开花后的数量显著大于开花前的数量,说明凤仙花植物本身的花对西花蓟马种群的迅速增长影响很大。 相似文献
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Mechanisms associated with bendiocarb resistance were examined in two strains of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), that differed in their susceptibility to this carbamate by 13.6-fold. No appreciable differences between the two strains in [14C] bendiocarb penetration and excretion were detected; however, bendiocarb was metabolised substantially faster by the resistant KCM thrips than by the more susceptible UMC thrips. No appreciable difference between the two strains was found in the sensitivity of acetylcholinesterase activity to inhibition by bendiocarb. It was concluded that bendiocarb resistance in KCM western flower thrips was due to enhanced metabolism that probably was mainly oxidative in nature. 相似文献
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J. Aramburu A. Lavi?a E. Moriones J. Riudavets J. Arnó 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1997,103(7):623-629
Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) infected plants and western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Perg., WFT) adult population densities were monitored during 1993 and 1994 in field tomatoes in Northeastern Spain. The proportion of viruliferous WFT adults in field populations was quantified. A significant association has been found between early population densities of WFT adult thrips and final TSWV incidence for early transplanted tomato crops. In contrast, for late transplanted tomato crops, whereas similar high final disease incidences of TSWV could be attained, very low WFT adult population densities were always detected. The significantly higher infectious potential of WFT populations collected during the early growth stages of late transplanted tomatoes could be relevant for the TSWV incidences attained in spite of the low thrips numbers detected. 相似文献
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竹醋液是竹炭加工过程中的副产品,为纯天然产品,在农业上有着广泛的应用。本文在室外笼罩环境下研究了竹醋液对豆株上西方花蓟马成虫的忌避作用。结果显示:竹醋液的不同浓度和同一浓度下的不同处理时间,对西方花蓟马成虫的忌避作用有显著差异。浓度增加显著地提高了竹醋液对西方花蓟马成虫的忌避作用,而忌避作用随时间的延长而逐渐降低。质量分数为2.06%和1.03%的竹醋液对西方花蓟马成虫有明显的忌避作用,前者在使用后10d时其忌避显著下降。本文同时探讨了竹醋液在西方花蓟马控制上应用的可能性。 相似文献
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室内药剂交替使用对西花蓟马抗药性发展的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分别单独使用毒死蜱、多杀菌素和两种农药交替使用连续处理西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)18代,采用浸渍法从第6至第18代每隔2世代测定3个汰选种群对毒死蜱和多杀菌素的敏感性.结果表明,毒死蜱和多杀菌素交替汰选种群比单一药剂连续汰选种群抗性上升趋势缓慢,F18代时交替使用汰选种群对毒死蜱和多杀菌素的抗性倍数分别为10.89倍和17.19倍,而毒死蜱单一汰选种群对毒死蜱的抗性倍数达到24.19倍,多杀菌素单一汰选种群对多杀菌素的抗性倍数达到20.78倍.因此,交替或轮换使用药剂可以延缓西花蓟马抗药性的发展. 相似文献
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The tomato zonate spot virus (TZSV) is responsible for substantial yield losses in vegetables, tobacco and other cash crops in China in recent years. The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera, Thripidae), is the main vector of TZSV in Yunnan Province. Because controlling the population of insect vectors is the most efficient way to prevent epidemics of viral diseases, we conducted laboratory assays to assess the potential of using spirotetramat as an alternative to imidacloprid in controlling F. occidentalis. Our results demonstrated that spirotetramat was significantly more lethal than imidacloprid to F. occidentalis at different concentrations. The LC30, LC50 and LC90 values of spirotetramat were all much lower than those of imidacloprid after the same time of treatment. Frankliniella occidentalis was more sensitive when treated with spirotetramat than imidacloprid at the concentrations of 500, 250, 125 and 62.5mg/L, and the median lethal concentrations (LC50) were 285.53, 82.24 and 11.19mg/L at 12, 36 and 72 hours after treatment, respectively. Spirotetramat caused 100% mortality of F. occidentalis at 500 and 250 mg/L after 48 hours treatment, and at the lowest concentration 125 mg/L at 72 hours after treatment, respectively. Field experiments carried out elsewhere have confirmed our findings. Together they allow us to conclude that spirotetramat is a promising pesticide for the control F. occidentalis in China. 相似文献
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采用田间试验方法,研究了氯虫苯甲酰胺在稻田水、土壤和水稻植株中的消解动态,测定了氯虫苯甲酰胺在水稻和土壤中的最终残留量。稻田水和土壤样品采用丙酮提取,水稻样品用乙腈溶液浸泡提取,经玻璃层析柱净化,HPLC紫外分析测定。结果表明,稻田水、土壤、水稻植株、谷壳、糙米中氯虫苯甲酰胺添加浓度为0.005~1.0mg/kg时,平均回收率为85.06%~95.83%,变异系数在2.08%~5.77%之间。方法的最低检测浓度为:稻田水0.005mg/kg,土壤0.01mg/kg,水稻植株0.02mg/kg,谷壳0.02mg/kg,糙米0.01mg/kg。氯虫苯甲酰胺在稻田水、土壤和水稻植株中的消解动态均符合一级动力学方程,半衰期分别为3.1~5.0d、6.6~9.0d、8.0~9.9d。以33.86g/hm2和50.80g/hm2间隔14d施用氯虫苯甲酰胺2次和3次,末次施药21d后氯虫苯甲酰胺的最高残留量为:土壤0.217mg/kg,水稻植株0.879mg/kg,谷壳0.389mg/kg,糙米0.018mg/kg。氯虫苯甲酰胺在糙米中的残留量低于我国和食品法典委员会(CAC)及欧盟的最大残留限量(MRL)标准。 相似文献
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Field efficacy of five insecticides to a greenhouse strain ofFrankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) of known resistance status was studied. In a greenhouse trial, the mortality of aF. occidentalis strain (Uncali) which exhibited resistance only against cypermethrin in laboratory assays, reached 56%, 68%, 82%, 94% and
99%, 24 h after application of abamectin, cypermethrin, endosulfan, malathion and methomyl, respectively. In the laboratory,
for larval mortality equal to that achieved in the field, much lower doses — half of the field dose of cypermethrin and endosulfan,
and one-third and one-sixth of malathion and methomyl, respectively, were required in topical application. Because of differences
between laboratory and field responses ofF. occidentalis to insecticides, a sound resistance evaluation program to determine field efficacy of insecticides is needed. Resistance
increased 28.0- and 139.3-fold at LC50 in theF. occidentalis strain subjected to 27 and 44 cycles of cypermethrin selection, respectively. A slight cross-resistance of two- to threefold
was found with endosulfan, malathion and methomyl and no cross-resistance was observed with abamectin.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting August 4, 2008. 相似文献