酶法提高大豆糖蜜抗氧化活性及其机

为提高大豆糖蜜的抗氧化活性,将大豆糖蜜溶液与纤维素酶溶解于pH值5.0的50mmol/L Tris-HCl 缓冲液中,于50℃保温30min。对比了酶解前后大豆糖蜜的清除DPPH自由基能力和还原力,并分析了异黄酮的组成差异。结果表明：达到50% DPPH自由基清除率,需未处理样品17.15g/L,而处理样品仅为9.19g/L。在相同的质量浓度下,处理后的大豆糖蜜还原力要高于未被处理的大豆糖蜜。纤维素酶所具有的β葡萄糖苷酶活性能将大豆糖蜜中的大豆苷和染料木苷完全水解为大豆素和染料木素,这是大豆糖蜜酶解处理以后抗氧化能力提高的原因。     

酶解法提高松针黄酮抗氧化性能试

研究了松针总黄酮(PNF)的抗氧化性能和酶法修饰提高PNF抗氧化性能的条件.结果发现,PNF的体外抗氧化性能很强,DPPH自由基清除效果与抗坏血酸相似,羟基自由基、超氧阴离子清除率分别约为抗坏血酸清除率的4倍、2倍,Fe3+还原能力的EC50约为抗坏血酸EC50的1/2.8.用β-葡萄糖苷酶对PNF进行酶解修饰,其最优工艺参数为:酶解温度40℃,酶添加量1/1 000,底物质量浓度0.6 g/L,酶解时间5 h.酶解后,PNF的抗氧化性能明显提高.     

诃子抗氧化活性物质提取工艺与抗氧化活性研究

对诃子抗氧化活性物质提取工艺、抗氧化活性及其初步物质基础进行了研究。结果表明,最佳提取工艺为：乙醇体积分数50%、液料比20、提取温度60℃、提取次数4次、提取时间7min;总还原力、FRAP法抗氧化能力和DPPH自由基清除能力的结果均显示诃子粗提物具有很强的抗氧化活性。生物活性追踪结果发现,诃子抗氧化活性物质主要由存在于乙酸乙酯相的弱极性化合物组成,该相质量浓度为25、50μg/mL样品的总还原力OD700值分别为0.197±0.002和0.380±0.006,FRAP法抗氧化能力OD593分别为0.272±0.023和0.631±0.002,DPPH自由基清除率分别为(86.838±0.600)%和(90.318±0.917)%。相关关系表明,诃子抗氧化活性的主要物质基础为总黄酮和总多酚。     

超声波辅助酶解制取大豆抗氧化肽的研究

本试验以大豆分离蛋白为底物,利用风味酶和Alcalase酶酶解大豆蛋白制取大豆抗氧化肽,比较9种不同酶解条件下的水解度和还原力,研究超声波对酶解制取大豆抗氧化肽的影响。结果表明:超声波能提高大豆蛋白的水解度,并且在超声波和双酶同时处理条件下,大豆蛋白的水解度最大,达到33.26%。大豆水解物的还原力随着水解时间先增加,然后逐渐减小。     

了哥王总黄酮的纤维素酶提取及其抗氧化活性研究

优化纤维素酶提取了哥王总黄酮的工艺条件及研究其抗氧化活性。结果表明:了哥王总黄酮的最佳提取条件为液料比12mL/g、pH值4.4、酶浓度0.6%、酶解温度45℃和酶解时间90min,此时总黄酮得率为0.860%;在质量浓度13.14～78.82μg/mL和10.67～127.97μg/mL的范围内,其对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的清除率分别为20.43%～70.89%和18.56%～66.05%,且清除效果与质量浓度之间都存在明显的量效关系。     

马铃薯渣蛋白抗氧化肽的酶法制备

以马铃薯渣为原料,采用酶法将薯渣中的蛋白转化为具有抗氧化活性的多肽。以酶解液对DPPH自由基清除率为酶解效果评价指标,从木瓜蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶等6种商业蛋白酶中筛选出胰蛋白酶为最佳水解用酶。通过优化试验,得出薯渣蛋白最佳酶解条件为：底物质量浓度4g/（100mL）、加酶量7%、pH值8.0、料液温度50℃、酶解时间90min。酶解液稀释20倍后对DPPH自由基的清除率为72%,酶解液清除     

丁香活性物质提取工艺优化与抗氧化活性研究

对丁香抗氧化活性物质提取工艺及其抗氧化活性进行了研究.结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为:60%乙醇、提取温度60℃、料液比1∶20和提取时间40 min;在此工艺条件下抗氧化活性物质提取率为(10 480.4±40.3)μmol/g,获得的相应丁香粗提物具有较强的抗氧化活性,总还原力弱于相同质量浓度的阳性对照BHT和VC(P<0.01或P<0.001),FRAP法抗氧化能力和DPPH自由基清除能力弱于相同质量浓度的VC,强于相同质量浓度的BHT(P<0.05、P<0.01或P<0.001);通过生物活性追踪发现丁香抗氧化活性物质主要存在于其弱极性的乙酸乙酯部分,该部分100 μg/mL质量浓度样液的总还原力达0.634±0.040,FRAP法抗氧化能力达0.433±0.005,DPPH自由基清除率达(85.294±0.499)%;相关关系表明丁香抗氧化活性的主要物质基础为总多酚和总黄酮.     

葡萄籽蛋白的中性蛋白酶酶解工艺及其产物抗氧化活性研究

首先优化葡萄籽蛋白的中性蛋白酶酶解工艺参数,然后研究其酶解物的抗氧化活性。结果表明:最佳工艺条件为酶解时间2.9h、pH值6.6和酶解温度45.3℃,此时水解度为18.44%。葡萄籽蛋白中性蛋白酶酶解物在104～520μg/mL和166.6～833μg/mL范围内,其对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的清除率分别为24.34%～38.02%和27.72%～81.19%;且都存在明显的量效关系。     

鲢鱼肽抗氧化活性比较研究

本文主要通过检测鲢鱼肽对DPPH自由基的清除作用、对羟自由基的清除作用和抑制脂质过氧化作用的能力来研究其体外抗氧化活性,同时采用上述3种方法检测了BHA、大豆肽和大米肽的抗氧化活性并进行比较。试验结果表明:经过酶解制得的鲢鱼肽具有一定的抗氧化活性,可以进行相关产品的开发,提高鲢鱼综合加工利用的经济效益。     

荷叶活性物质提取工艺与抗氧化活性研究

对荷叶活性物质提取工艺与抗氧化活性进行了研究.结果表明,荷叶抗氧化活性物质最佳提取工艺为提取时间50 min、提取温度80℃、乙醇体积分数60%和料液比1:20;采用生物活性追踪法研究发现,在极性依次增大的正己烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水相4个极性萃取组分中,乙酸乙酯萃取组分抗氧化活性(总还原力、FRAP法抗氧化能力和DPPH自由基清除能力)最强并具有显著性差异(P<0.001或P<0.01);通过验证试验发现该组分抗氧化能力(OD593和DPPH自由基清除率)均显著高于阳性对照BHT和GBE(P<0.05).     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。