森林认证与黑龙江森工林区的可持续发展

本文讨论了森林认证与森工林区可持续发展的关系，介绍了森林认证的基本情况，认为森林认证是市场经济下促进森工林区可持续发展的有效机制。研究、引入、创建符合森工林区可持续发展要求的森林认证体系意义重大。     

森林采伐与森林资源可持续发展

本文系统地阐述了森林采伐对森林生态系统、林区经济和社会稳定以及对森林资源可持续发展的影响，并且提出利用生态采伐这一新兴起的技术去实现资源可持续发展。     

谈森林资源可持续发展的对策

从逐步理顺管理体制、加强现有林的科学经营、加强对林业管理、坚持依法治林等9个方面论述了中国森林资源可持续发展的对策。     

林区可持续发展的战略研究

通过对林区生态和环境资源的经济化运作，林区经济结构及运行机制，林区人口等问题的论述，提出应将林区可持续发展做为系统场的运行来研究，以实现林区真正的可持续发展。     

森林资源的保护、利用及其持续发展的研究

本论述了森林资源与环境的关系以及世界森林资源的利用现状；并通过阐述和解释可持续发展的科学内涵，构建了森林资源持续发展的可行性方案和树立可持续发展的资源观。     

黑龙江森工林区森林可持续发展问题

本提出了黑龙江森工国有林区森林可持续发展问题。就森林可持续发展与森林可持续发展经营的关系，森林可持续发展的基本原则、政策保证、外部条件、基本途径和技术措施等问题进行了讨论。     

森林采伐与森林可持续发展

本文谈了采伐及采伐方式对森林可持续发展的影响 ,并提出促进森林可持续发展的有效措施及如何处理好采伐与经营的关系。     

Experimental harvesting of the non-timber forest product Ischnosiphon polyphyllus in central Amazonia

The harvesting of non-timber forest products has been proposed as an alternative to timber harvesting that can increase rural income while having a reduced impact on forest structure. However, surprisingly little is known about the biological consequences of harvesting these products. We conducted a 3-year experiment in which we simulated the stem harvesting of the Amazonian plant Ischnosiphon polyphyllus, which is used by traditional and indigenous populations in the Amazon for the construction of baskets, mats, and other handicrafts used in manioc cultivation. We found that plant mortality is limited in all except the most extreme harvesting treatments. However, we also found that plants recuperate extremely slowly from experimental harvesting. These results suggest that current harvesting strategies may not be conservative enough to ensure long-term population survival.     

论森林采伐与“天保”工程的统一性

保证森林采伐与天保工程有机的统一.首先要提高采伐与天保工程统一性的认识;然后要合理采伐.大力培育速生护林;其次要处理好当前与长远的关系。     

Forest parks and sustainable development of ecotourism in China

IntfoduchonSinal 1935, the science of ecology has become animPOtent Subjed. With the rapid groWth of the internedon'al economy affer WOrld War 11 and increasedindusfoalhation, some west6rn countries raised the' slogeds of "eCOIOgy awake" and "back to nature" inthe 1960s. In keeping with that theme, many kinds ofeCOIOeyXiriented parks were estsblished (e.g., forestP8rks, natUre perks, and national parks, Deng 1997).By ac 19905, 6COtourism had grown so rapidly that ithad ~e the one of …     

森林资源可持续发展的两个基本条件

森林资源是林业生产和经营基础。本文讨论了实现森林资源可持续发展的两个基本条件；林内生物的多样性；限额采伐。     

Short-term effects of group-selection harvesting on breeding birds in a northern hardwood forest

We used a before-after, control-impact design (one year pre-harvest, two years post-harvest) and unlimited-radius point counts to study the effects of typical group-selection harvesting (0.5 gaps ha⁻¹ placed near seed trees within a standard single-tree selection harvest) and intensive group-selection harvesting (4 gaps ha⁻¹ placed on a grid with no harvesting between gaps) on the composition and abundance of breeding birds in tolerant hardwood forests in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario. Percent similarity between pre- and post-harvest bird communities was 5–9% lower in selection harvested stands than in reference stands. Differences in percent similarity among the three treatments were not significant, however, suggesting that the changes in the bird community in stands harvested with group selection were not substantially different than those in reference stands. Abundance of aerial foragers and tree-and-shrub nesters increased in response to typical and intensive group selection in the second year post-harvest. By contrast, bark foragers and cavity-nesters decreased in the first year post-harvest and then increased in the second year post-harvest in response to typical group selection. Abundance of 16 (73%) of 22 species was not affected by harvesting. Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata), Chestnut-sided Warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica), Least Flycatcher (Empidonax minimus), and White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) increased in response to intensive group selection in the first or second year post-harvest, whereas Chestnut-sided Warbler, Hairy Woodpecker (Picoides villosus), and White-throated Sparrow increased in response to typical group selection in the first or second year post-harvest. Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla) decreased slightly in response to typical group selection in the second year post-harvest. Our short-term data suggest that intensive, rather than typical, group-selection harvesting is preferred for maintaining densities of cavity-nesting birds and Ovenbird; whether these advantages continue through the remainder of the cutting cycle and beyond requires further investigation.     

谈“生态平衡”作为宏观理论指导森林采伐实践时存在的问题

本文阐述了生态平衡的概念.把它做为宏观理论指导森林采伐时要注意不能片面地强调生态系统的维持.而忽视人类采伐利用森林为人类造福的必然性;恢复和维护生态平衡不能脱离森林采伐利用的价值.同时说明了忽视生态变化发展在时间和空间上的不可逆性和随机性.     

培育先锋后备森林资源是森林可持续发展的基础——谈云冷杉林的分类经营

通过十年来，对寒温带云冷杉林经营试验表明，培育改造云冷杉林在保持现有结构的基础上，促进其生物量有效地增加达到在短期内形成先锋后备资源是完全可能的。也是有效的，对缓解国有林区采资源枯竭，促进森林可持续发展有着重要的作用。     

实现辽源林业经济可持续发展战略的思考

根据辽源市林业经济的现实情况，提出了在建设林木良种基地、树种结构调整、加强经营管理，制定优惠政策等方面的建议。     

A chaos theory interpretation of community perceptions of Australian forest policy

This paper proposes a methodology for measuring community values towards Australian forest policy using chaos theory. The use of chaos theory within social sciences has been restricted due to chaos-based analysis requiring time-continuous data. Using scale-based data, iconographs are suggested as a method of dynamically representing community values for forestry at a higher phase plane. In addition, the method also provides opportunity for control of chaos by policy makers in altering community attitudes.     

森林采伐作业对迹地径流水质的影响

在综合国内外有关研究成果基础上,本文对森林采伐作业对迹地径流水质的影响进行了研究,结果表明,采伐强度越大,对水质影响越显著。     

Whole tree harvesting can reduce second rotation forest productivity

The practice of harvesting forest residues is rapidly increasing due to rising demand for renewable energy. However, major concerns have been raised about the sustainability of this practice and its net impact on productivity, in particular through negative effects on the growth of subsequent tree crops. We measured height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree spacing density on 23-year-old second rotation stands of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), following whole tree harvesting (WTH—of all above ground biomass, by cable crane) or conventional stem-only harvesting (CH) of the first rotation crop. Overall, WTH reduced tree DBH by 10.3% (p = 0.017), with weaker evidence that it may have reduced height (by 8.2%, p = 0.164) and stand basal area (by 15.3%, p = 0.101). However, treatment effects differed greatly between individual blocks and, analysed separately by block, significant differences (WTH plot trees smaller than CH plot trees) were most notable in the two more exposed south-facing blocks (where, in both cases, p < 0.01 for height and p < 0.05 for basal area). Variation in productivity between the experimental plots cannot simply be attributed to preharvesting site environment – no correlation was found between first rotation and second rotation productivity – nor was treatment effect explained by differences in tree spacing density. Treatment effects can be attributed to the removal of three to four times larger quantities of N, P and K in the tree biomass by WTH than by CH of the first rotation crop, combined with greater competition with tree natural regeneration and other vegetation in WTH plots during the early stages of the second rotation. Soil moisture was higher in WTH plots but there was no evidence that WTH increased soil acidity or aluminium mobility nor that it decreased soil organic matter. The results also highlight the complexities of predicting the effect of harvesting treatment on future productivity, even within single-age, single-species forests. The study demonstrates the risk that WTH can reduce second rotation productivity of conifer forests in acidic upland sites, and that this practice will only be sustainable with appropriate interventions to overcome shortage of nutrients and high levels of vegetation competition.     

中国森林资源采伐管理改革与发展

森林资源采伐管理制度,对促进森林可持续经营,保障森林经营者利益,以及有效保护森林资源具有重要作用。目前我国森林资源采伐管理制度主要由森林采伐限额管理制度,凭证采伐林木制度,年度木材生产计划几部分组成。我国的森林资源采伐管理在经历了统一管理严格控制阶段和经营管理调整阶段之后,当前正处于经营主体改变前提下的试点改革阶段。从2007年试点工作启动至今,改革取得了可喜的成绩,但目前森林资源采伐管理改革中存在一些问题。如：改革宣传力度不够,采伐限额编制不合理,采伐审批过程有待进一步简化,缺乏支持经营主体的信贷体系等。针对存在的问题,认为下一步的改革应该加大改革政策的宣传力度,确保采伐限额制定的准确性,简化采伐申请的审批程序,为林业的发展提供充足的财政支持等。     

以森林资源可持续经营为基础的收获调整

在ForStat2．0的支持下,从现实的生产实际出发,构造出包括现实龄级数、目标龄级数、调整期、不采伐龄级的上界、平稳产量约束、目标面积误差约束和期末总蓄积约束,它们唯一地决定该线性规划模型的结构。从满归林业局试验结果来看,采伐面积和蓄积逐分期下降,保留蓄积呈波浪式上升,最终达到可持续的林龄结构。