低钾胁迫对不同基因型大豆生长发育的影响

盆栽条件下,通过低钾和施钾两个处理,研究低钾胁迫对不同基因型大豆生长发育的影响。结果表明:在低钾胁迫下,不同基因型大豆的株高、茎粗、分枝数和植株干重均减少,T40的株高和植株干重减少的最小,仅减少1.1%和3.4%;低钾还造成不同基因型大豆主茎节数增加,增加最多的是九农22。在低钾胁迫下,耐低钾品种T40单株荚数增加9%,每荚粒数降低10%,单株粒数降低2%,百粒重降低10%;不耐低钾的大豆品种GD8521单株荚数降低18%,每荚粒数降低10%,单株粒数降低26%,百粒重降低16%。由于产量性状的互作,耐低钾的大豆品种产量保持稳定。     

高密植条件下玉米杂交种主要农艺性状与产量的灰色关联度分析

运用灰色关联度分析方法,对高密植条件下14个玉米杂交种的产量与9个农艺性状之间的关系,以及农艺性状之间的关系进行了关联度分析。结果表明,产量与农艺性状的关联度大小依次为穗粒重、百粒重、生育期、穗长、行粒数、穗粗、穗行数、轴粗、秃尖长。在育种工作中,应首先选择单穗粒重、百粒重高的杂交种,在产量相当的情况下生育期短、穗长长、行粒数多的杂交种。     

二十个玉米自交系穗部性状配合力及相关性分析

采用NCⅡ设计,对玉米9个母本与11个父本组配的99个杂交组合进行穗部性状配合力分析和性状之间的相关性分析。结果:玉米产量一般配合力效应值以F6最高,F7、M3、M4、M8次之,这些材料具有较大的育种利用潜势;特殊配合力效应值最高的组合是M3×F10。穗部性状遗传力分析表明,穗粗、穗行数、出籽率的狭义遗传力较高,且加性效应占主导地位,可早代进行选择;其余性状的狭义遗传力偏低,宜晚代进行选择。相关性分析表明,穗长、行粒数、穗粗、穗行数、百粒质量及出籽率均与单株产量呈极显著正相关,以行粒数的作用最大;秃尖长与单株产量呈显著负相关。因此,在选育高产玉米品种时,应注重对行粒数的筛选,同时注意秃尖较短的选系。     

不同覆膜栽培方式对玉米干物质积累及产量的影响

为探讨地膜覆盖栽培方式的增产机理,完善地膜覆盖玉米栽培技术,采用田间试验法,以露地平播为对照,比较了全膜双垄沟播、半膜双垄沟播、半膜平铺、膜侧沟播等4种栽培方式对玉米叶面积、光合势、干物质积累、穗部性状、产量及其构成因子、水分利用效率的影响,并进行了成本和效益分析。结果表明:全膜或半膜双垄沟播显著增加了各个生育时期玉米的叶面积,半膜平铺和膜侧沟播作用不大;全膜和半膜双垄沟播及膜侧沟播显著提高了玉米的光合势,半膜平铺对生长前期光合势有一定促进作用,但后期出现不利影响;全膜和半膜双垄沟播增加了玉米穗长、穗粗、穗行数和行粒数,但也增加了秃顶长。半膜平铺对穗长、穗粗和穗行数有一定促进作用,降低了秃顶长,但对行粒数作用并不明显。膜侧沟播对穗长、穗行数和行粒数有一定促进作用,但对穗粗和秃顶长作用并不明显;各种覆膜栽培方式均提高了玉米穗粒数和百粒重,但降低了单株成穗数。穗粒数与产量的灰色关联度最大、百粒重次之、单株成穗数最低;全膜双垄沟播、半膜双垄沟播、膜侧沟播、半膜平铺栽培方式分别比对照增产67.23%、60.08%、38.81%和20.02%,水分利用效率分别比对照提高66.43%、59.54%、38.35%和19.63%,经济收益分别比对照增加85.51%、69.58%、36.37%和18.69%。说明全膜双垄沟播玉米具有较高的产量和经济收益优势。     

低氮胁迫对不同耐低氮性玉米品种幼苗根系形态和生理特征的影响

采用水培方法,以2个耐低氮品种和2个不耐低氮玉米品种为材料,以正常氮处理B3[15 mmol(N)·L?1]为对照,研究2个低氮胁迫水平B1[0.05 mmol(N)·L?1]、B2[0.5 mmol(N)·L?1]对不同耐低氮性玉米品种苗期根系形态和伤流量及氮代谢关键酶活性的影响。结果表明:与正常供氮处理相比,在B1和B2低氮胁迫处理下,玉米幼苗根系伤流量和硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性均下降,耐低氮品种上述各指标的降幅(29.8%和8.7%、46.9%和39.6%、7.3%和4.4%、31.3%和19.8%)均小于不耐低氮品种(37.0%和27.5%、68.8%和56.6%、24.5%和18.7%、60.7%和42.7%),且在B1处理下耐低氮品种根系NR、GDH活性分别是不耐低氮品种的1.4倍、1.35倍。低氮胁迫对玉米苗期地上部生长的影响大于对地下部生长的影响,使地上部干重显著降低,根冠比显著增大,根数减少;在B1和B2处理下,不耐低氮品种根冠比增幅(81.6%和25.4%)、根数降幅(22.2%和31.1%)均大于耐低氮品种(61.0%和21.1%、19.8%和19.4%)。随着低氮胁迫程度的增大,耐低氮品种根长增长,根粗减小,对低氮胁迫的响应能力增大,表现为根系伸长变细以增加对氮的吸收面积。与不耐低氮品种相比,低氮胁迫下耐低氮品种根系形态较好,根系生理活性和对低氮胁迫的耐性较强,能维持较稳定的生长;随着低氮胁迫时间的延长,耐低氮品种对低氮胁迫的适应性增强,不耐低氮品种则降低。     

玉米甜糯双隐自交系穗部性状配合力分析及鲜食育种价值评价

穗部性状对于鲜食玉米育种具有重要意义,尤其是秃尖长度和籽粒大小。本研究采用不完全双列杂交NCⅡ设计,对5个甜糯双隐自交系17HN79、17HN84、17HN88、17HN97、17HN98的穗行数、穗行粒数、穗长、穗粗、秃尖长度及籽粒大小等6个穗部性状的一般配合力(GCA)和特殊配合力(SCA)及遗传率参数进行分析。结果表明:6个穗部性状的广义遗传率在65. 5%~97. 0%之间,狭义遗传率在29. 3%~64. 0%之间,穗长和籽粒大小主要由非加性基因作用为主,而穗粗、穗行数、穗行粒数和秃尖长度受加性基因作用为主。甜糯双隐自交系17HN98在穗长、穗行粒数、籽粒大小和减少秃尖长度方面表现较高的一般配合力相对效应,是具有较好鲜食玉米育种应用价值的甜糯双隐自交系。结合一般配合力、特殊配合力及穗部性状综合表现,筛选出17HN98/100、17HN98/107和17HN98/109三个表现突出的鲜食玉米杂交组合。     

燕山丘陵区锌肥不同施用方式对春玉米穗部性状及产量的影响

通过两年田间试验,以京单128玉米品种为材料,通过3种锌肥施用方式[底施锌肥(DS)、冲施锌肥(CS)、喷施锌肥(PS)]研究了不同锌肥施用方式对燕山丘陵区春玉米穗部性状、产量及籽粒含锌量的影响。试验结果表明,增施锌肥能够显著提高春玉米产量,不同锌肥施用方式增产效果表现为PSCSDSCK,平均增产率分别为15.2%、12.0%和5.4%。增施锌肥后穗长、穗粗、行粒数、百粒重呈增加趋势,禿尖长呈明显降低趋势,其中禿尖长和行粒数变异明显,变异系数分别为55.2%和6.8%,说明增施锌肥主要是通过降低果穗禿尖、增加行粒数来增加穗粒数,从而增加产量。同时增施锌肥能够显著增加玉米籽粒锌含量,施用效果也表现为PSCSDSCK,平均增幅分别为50.4%、36.9%和30.8%。由此认为,在典型缺锌地区的燕山丘陵区种植玉米时增施锌肥是增加玉米产量,改善产品品质的重要途径,在施用方式上以喷施最佳,冲施次之。     

低氮胁迫对耐低氮玉米品种苗期光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

【目的】叶绿素荧光参数经常用来评价光合器官的功能和环境压力的影响,不同玉米基因型耐低氮胁迫能力差异较大,与光合及叶绿素荧光特性对低氮胁迫的响应机制有关。本文以耐低氮能力差异较大的4个玉米杂交种为试验材料,研究了低氮胁迫对不同耐低氮性玉米品种苗期光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响,以期明确耐低氮胁迫玉米品种的光合机制。【方法】采用二因素完全随机设计盆栽试验,因素A为不同耐低氮性玉米品种:‘正红311’、‘成单30’和不耐低氮品种‘先玉508’、‘三北2号’;因素B为不同氮素水平:正常氮CK(霍格兰完全营养液,N 15 mmol/L)、低氮胁迫LN1(N 0.5 mmol/L)、极低氮胁迫LN2(N 0.05 mmol/L)。测定了苗期单株干物质积累量,单株氮素积累量,叶片叶绿素含量与荧光特性,以及光合效率指标。【结果】低氮胁迫下玉米苗期单株干物质积累量、单株氮素积累量、叶片叶绿素含量等生理指标显著下降,但耐低氮品种的下降幅度显著低于不耐低氮品种;低氮胁迫下玉米苗净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)显著降低,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)显著升高,净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)的降幅及胞间CO2浓度(Ci)的增幅耐低氮品种均显著低于不耐低氮品种;低氮胁迫下可变荧光(Fv)、最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/F0)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ有效光量子产量(Fv'/Fm')和光化学猝灭系数(q P)等叶绿素荧光特性也均显著降低,耐低氮品种下降幅度显著低于不耐低氮品种;低氮胁迫下耐低氮品种PSⅡ实际光量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)降低,不耐低氮品种有所增加;而耐低氮品种非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)升高,不耐低氮品种有所降低。【结论】耐低氮玉米品种能够减缓低氮胁迫对植株光合系统的影响,进而保证植株较高的氮素积累,提高叶片叶绿素含量,维持较高的PSⅡ有效光量子产量(Fv'/Fm')和光化学猝灭系数(q P),为光合作用提供充足的光能;从而保持了较高的净光合速率(Pn),保证了耐低氮品种在低氮条件下保持较高的干物质生产。     

川中丘区玉米氮高效品种筛选及增产潜力分析

为探究高产氮高效玉米品种在减肥增效措施中的增产潜力,本研究通过对川中丘陵区近十年11个主推玉米品种在2个环境(简阳和中江)和3个氮水平[0(LN)、150(MN)和300 kg·hm^-2(HN)]下的田间产量及产量构成因子等进行方差和相关性分析,依据产量的基因型×氮互作效应对玉米品种进行氮效率分类,研究不同类型玉米的增产潜力以及与增产潜力有关的产量性状。结果表明,基因型、氮、环境及其互作显著影响玉米产量,基因型×氮互作显著影响穗粗和百粒重;11个试验玉米品种存在氮效率的基因型差异,包括双高效型、高氮高效型、耐低氮型和双低效型4种类型,其中双高效型和高氮高效型占总数的45.5%,其在HN和LN的增产潜力分别为6.74%~7.54%和9.88%~13.45%;高产氮高效品种(双高效型和高氮高效型)在2个试验点的节氮潜力差异较大,HN的节氮潜力可达19.18%以上;增产潜力与穗粗、百粒重等产量构成因子显著正相关;正红311、川单189和绵单1256在2个环境下均表现出高产氮高效品种特征。在川中丘陵区不同肥力的土壤上选择种植高产氮高效或耐低氮的玉米品种,通过合理施肥,可以达到增产/稳产和节氮增效的目的。本研究对川中丘陵区玉米高产氮高效品种的选育和推广应用具有重要理论意义。     

基于机器视觉的玉米果穗产量组分性状测量方法

玉米果穗的穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数等性状是制约玉米产量的重要组分性状,目前主要采用人工测量方式,或通过截取果穗横断面图像自动计算穗行数等参数,操作复杂、测量效率低、主观误差大,且无法保留完整的原始考种材料。针对上述问题,该文基于机器视觉技术,通过可见光二维成像获取果穗三维表型性状参数,结合果穗颜色特征及果穗的生物学规律,分别建立投影修正模型、穗行数快速估算模型、行粒数计算模型等,精确计算穗长、穗粗、穗行数以及行粒数等性状参数。试验结果表明,该方法适用于粘连果穗处理,秃尖的识别率高,且对光照环境要求低,穗行数及行粒数的零误差率在93%以上,测量速度可达30穗/min以上,能够满足高通量考种的需求,特别是保留了原始果穗考种材料实现无损测量,对于实现高通量考种及精细化育种有重要的参考价值。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Biodiversity and ecogeography of wild Lactuca spp. in some European countries

Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.     

Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modelling

We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species

Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.     

Potassium Fixation and Release Characteristics in Rhizosphere and Nonrhizosphere Soils for a Rapeseed–Rice Cropping Sequence

Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L^?1 nitric acid (HNO₃) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L^?1 ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) and 1.0 mol L^?1 HNO₃ extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.