共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
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自1996年首次报道以来,东方蜜蜂微孢子虫(Nosema ceranae)已被证实可以影响蜜蜂个体的行为、定向、飞行和寿命等,使其成为蜜蜂健康与保护领域的研究热点.本文整理了近10年N.ceranae的研究情况,从N.ceranae的传播途径、对蜜蜂健康的影响、与其他病原的相互作用进行综述,提出目前N.ceranae研... 相似文献
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近两年来美国蜂群死亡数量惊人。随后的调查,到2007年春季美国35个州、加拿大5个省报导了蜜蜂灾难性的损失。德国、奥地利、西班牙、波兰和瑞士也发生严重的蜜蜂死亡。蜜蜂飞出去采集,却神秘地不再返回蜂巢,使养蜂业受到沉重打击,农场主忧心忡忡。他们担心养蜂业将不能满足上百种作物对昆虫授粉的需求。这种情况经过媒体的报导,特别是在万维网上迅速传播,引起了世界各国科学家、养蜂企业、农场主和政府有关部门的极大重视。由于蜜蜂消失的原因不明,美国科学家将这种症状暂定名为"蜂群衰竭症"或"称蜂群衰竭失调("colony collapse disorder)。西班牙科学家认为,近年来该国发生的大量蜜蜂消失现象与东方蜜蜂微孢子虫有关。今年4月底美国加州大学旧金山分校研究人员称,"蜂群衰竭失调"的起因可能是"东方蜜蜂微孢子虫"单细胞病原体。宾夕法尼亚大学研究人员在美国各地的蜂巢中也找到这种病原体,并在蜜蜂尸体找到另外两种真菌及数种病毒。 相似文献
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熊蜂微孢子虫感染熊蜂(Bombus spp.)试验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从引进蜂种(B.terrestris)和国内蜂种(B.lucorum)分别提取微孢子虫,在两寄主工蜂的幼虫,蛹和成蜂间进行交叉感染.结果显示两种来源的微孢子虫能相互感染其寄主蜂,且幼虫、蛹和成蜂两两间无显著差异;用国内蜂种(Blucorum)提取的微孢子虫感染四种熊蜂(B.lucorum,B.pyrosoma,B.ignitus,B.terrestris),结果显示出同一种寄主提取的微孢子虫感染不同蜂种,对原寄主的感染率高于异源寄主,但死亡率低于异源寄主,不同来源的微孢子虫对不同寄主熊蜂感染程度的不同,是不同基因型的寄主群和不同基因型的寄生群间相互影响的结果. 相似文献
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<正>两年前,玛丽亚诺·伊赫斯博士的研究团队(西班牙养蜂分中心)因报道东方蜜蜂微孢子虫(Noce-ma ceranae)可能导致蜂群锐减而震惊蜂业界。突然 相似文献
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《中国蜂业》2014,(Z4)
蜜蜂微孢子虫已被确认为是导致世界性蜜蜂损失的重要病原之一。因商业目的导致不同地区蜂种栖息地扩张与重叠,使两种原寄主分别为东、西方蜜蜂的微孢子虫(东方蜜蜂微孢子虫和西方蜜蜂微孢子虫)得以在不同蜂种间传播。新病原的入侵在对当地蜜蜂资源造成威胁的同时,外来蜂种成为地区性病害传播的媒介。而迁徙性的蜜蜂饲养模式进一步将这种不利影响放大,进而威胁整个养蜂业的持续发展。研究数据显示,东方蜜蜂微孢子虫在人工饲养蜂群中已取代西方蜜蜂微孢子虫成为优势寄种群,但在自然条件下这两种蜜蜂微孢子虫如何作用饲养蜂群的相关数据缺乏。对东、西方蜜蜂混合饲养蜂场和山区东方蜜蜂隔离蜂场的蜜蜂样本进行两种蜜蜂微孢子虫PCR特异性检测,仅检出东方蜜蜂微孢子虫,且西方蜜蜂蜂群微孢子虫感染率高于东方蜜蜂,混合饲养蜂场东方蜜蜂蜂群微孢子虫感染率高于山区东方蜜蜂隔离蜂场感染率。 相似文献
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A-Tai Truong Sedat Sevin Seonmi Kim Mi-Sun Yoo Yun Sang Cho Byoungsu Yoon 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2021,22(3)
BackgroundThe microsporidian parasite Nosema ceranae is a global problem in honeybee populations and is known to cause winter mortality. A sensitive and rapid tool for stable quantitative detection is necessary to establish further research related to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of this pathogen.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to develop a quantitative method that incorporates ultra-rapid real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (UR-qPCR) for the rapid enumeration of N. ceranae in infected bees.MethodsA procedure for UR-qPCR detection of N. ceranae was developed, and the advantages of molecular detection were evaluated in comparison with microscopic enumeration.ResultsUR-qPCR was more sensitive than microscopic enumeration for detecting two copies of N. ceranae DNA and 24 spores per bee. Meanwhile, the limit of detection by microscopy was 2.40 × 104 spores/bee, and the stable detection level was ≥ 2.40 × 105 spores/bee. The results of N. ceranae calculations from the infected honeybees and purified spores by UR-qPCR showed that the DNA copy number was approximately 8-fold higher than the spore count. Additionally, honeybees infected with N. ceranae with 2.74 × 104 copies of N. ceranae DNA were incapable of detection by microscopy. The results of quantitative analysis using UR-qPCR were accomplished within 20 min.ConclusionsUR-qPCR is expected to be the most rapid molecular method for Nosema detection and has been developed for diagnosing nosemosis at low levels of infection. 相似文献
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油茶为异花授粉植物,其产量与传粉昆虫关系密切,但油茶昆虫授粉问题一直未能得到有效解决,而熊蜂在温室大棚作物授粉方面具有效益高、品质好等优点.本文以普通油茶为研究对象,通过引进熊蜂对其进行授粉试验,分析熊蜂对油茶授粉结实的影响,以期为油茶的引蜂授粉研究和应用提供参考.试验结果表明,熊蜂的不同投放方式对油茶的座果结实有很大影响,熊蜂的自由式授粉、限制性授粉和自然昆虫授粉的座果率分别为36.78%、0.22%和18.23%,自由式授粉能显著提高油茶产量,而高饱和密度的限制性熊蜂释放方式反而会有减产作用;另外通过熊蜂授粉试验发现油茶不同亲本间的组配授粉结实率差异很大.因此在合理控制的情况下熊蜂能有效提升油茶产量. 相似文献
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Botías C Martín-Hernández R Garrido-Bailón E González-Porto A Martínez-Salvador A De la Rúa P Meana A Higes M 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(1):150-155
Microsporidiosis caused by infection with Nosema apis or Nosema ceranae has become one of the most widespread diseases of honey bees and can cause important economic losses for beekeepers. Honey can be contaminated by spores of both species and it has been reported as a suitable matrix to study the field prevalence of other honey bee sporulated pathogens. Historical honey sample collections from the CAR laboratory (Centro Apícola Regional) were analyzed by PCR to identify the earliest instance of emergence, and to determine whether the presence of Nosema spp. in honey was linked to the spread of these microsporidia in honey bee apiaries. A total of 240 frozen honey samples were analyzed by PCR and the results compared with rates of Nosema spp. infection in worker bee samples from different years and geographical areas. The presence of Nosema spp. in hive-stored honey from naturally infected honey bee colonies (from an experimental apiary) was also monitored, and although collected honey bees resulted in a more suitable sample to study the presence of microsporidian parasites in the colonies, a high probability of finding Nosema spp. in their hive-stored honey was observed. The first honey sample in which N. ceranae was detected dates back to the year 2000. In subsequent years, the number of samples containing N. ceranae tended to increase, as did the detection of Nosema spp. in adult worker bees. The presence of N. ceranae as early as 2000, long before generalized bee depopulation and colony losses in 2004 may be consistent with a long incubation period for nosemosis type C or related with other unknown factors. The current prevalence of nosemosis, primarily due to N. ceranae, has reached epidemic levels in Spain as confirmed by the analysis of worker honey bees and commercial honey. 相似文献
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用铬变素2R法对家蚕微孢子虫孢子染色的研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
采用铬变素 2R法 (Chromotrope 2R)染色家蚕微孢子虫 (Nosemabombycis,N .b)孢子和绿僵 (Nomuraearile yi)孢子、曲霉 (Aspergillusflavus)孢子、花粉粒 (Pollengranule)等与N .b孢子形状相似物 ,结果表明 :Chromotrope 2R法特异性地将N .b孢子染成粉红色 ,绿僵孢子、曲霉孢子、花粉粒未被染成红色 ,初步认为Chromotrope 2R法可应用于母蛾镜检的N .b鉴定 ,能明显提高N .b的检出率与准确性 ;染色N .b孢子的最佳时间与温度为 4 0min ,30℃。鉴于本染色法的条件、技术操作简便 ,染色特异性强 ,因而具有良好的应用前景 相似文献